//===-- PhiElimination.cpp - Eliminate PHI nodes by inserting copies ------===//
//
+// The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
+//
+// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
+// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
+//
+//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+//
// This pass eliminates machine instruction PHI nodes by inserting copy
// instructions. This destroys SSA information, but is the desired input for
// some register allocators.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
+#define DEBUG_TYPE "phielim"
+#include "llvm/BasicBlock.h"
+#include "llvm/Instructions.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/LiveVariables.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/Passes.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunctionPass.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
-#include "llvm/CodeGen/SSARegMap.h"
-#include "llvm/CodeGen/LiveVariables.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstrBuilder.h"
+#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineRegisterInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetInstrInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Target/TargetMachine.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
+#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
+#include "llvm/Support/Compiler.h"
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <map>
+using namespace llvm;
+
+STATISTIC(NumAtomic, "Number of atomic phis lowered");
namespace {
- struct PNE : public MachineFunctionPass {
- bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &Fn) {
- bool Changed = false;
-
- // Eliminate PHI instructions by inserting copies into predecessor blocks.
- //
- for (MachineFunction::iterator I = Fn.begin(), E = Fn.end(); I != E; ++I)
- Changed |= EliminatePHINodes(Fn, *I);
-
- //std::cerr << "AFTER PHI NODE ELIM:\n";
- //Fn.dump();
- return Changed;
- }
+ class VISIBILITY_HIDDEN PNE : public MachineFunctionPass {
+ MachineRegisterInfo *MRI; // Machine register information
+
+ public:
+ static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
+ PNE() : MachineFunctionPass(&ID) {}
+ virtual bool runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &Fn);
+
virtual void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const {
AU.addPreserved<LiveVariables>();
+ AU.addPreservedID(MachineLoopInfoID);
+ AU.addPreservedID(MachineDominatorsID);
MachineFunctionPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
}
/// in predecessor basic blocks.
///
bool EliminatePHINodes(MachineFunction &MF, MachineBasicBlock &MBB);
+ void LowerAtomicPHINode(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator AfterPHIsIt);
+
+ /// analyzePHINodes - Gather information about the PHI nodes in
+ /// here. In particular, we want to map the number of uses of a virtual
+ /// register which is used in a PHI node. We map that to the BB the
+ /// vreg is coming from. This is used later to determine when the vreg
+ /// is killed in the BB.
+ ///
+ void analyzePHINodes(const MachineFunction& Fn);
+
+ // FindCopyInsertPoint - Find a safe place in MBB to insert a copy from
+ // SrcReg. This needs to be after any def or uses of SrcReg, but before
+ // any subsequent point where control flow might jump out of the basic
+ // block.
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator FindCopyInsertPoint(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
+ unsigned SrcReg);
+
+ // SkipPHIsAndLabels - Copies need to be inserted after phi nodes and
+ // also after any exception handling labels: in landing pads execution
+ // starts at the label, so any copies placed before it won't be executed!
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator SkipPHIsAndLabels(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator I) {
+ // Rather than assuming that EH labels come before other kinds of labels,
+ // just skip all labels.
+ while (I != MBB.end() &&
+ (I->getOpcode() == TargetInstrInfo::PHI || I->isLabel()))
+ ++I;
+ return I;
+ }
+
+ typedef std::pair<const MachineBasicBlock*, unsigned> BBVRegPair;
+ typedef std::map<BBVRegPair, unsigned> VRegPHIUse;
+
+ VRegPHIUse VRegPHIUseCount;
+
+ // Defs of PHI sources which are implicit_def.
+ SmallPtrSet<MachineInstr*, 4> ImpDefs;
};
+}
+
+char PNE::ID = 0;
+static RegisterPass<PNE>
+X("phi-node-elimination", "Eliminate PHI nodes for register allocation");
+
+const PassInfo *const llvm::PHIEliminationID = &X;
- RegisterPass<PNE> X("phi-node-elimination",
- "Eliminate PHI nodes for register allocation");
+bool PNE::runOnMachineFunction(MachineFunction &Fn) {
+ MRI = &Fn.getRegInfo();
+
+ analyzePHINodes(Fn);
+
+ bool Changed = false;
+
+ // Eliminate PHI instructions by inserting copies into predecessor blocks.
+ for (MachineFunction::iterator I = Fn.begin(), E = Fn.end(); I != E; ++I)
+ Changed |= EliminatePHINodes(Fn, *I);
+
+ // Remove dead IMPLICIT_DEF instructions.
+ for (SmallPtrSet<MachineInstr*,4>::iterator I = ImpDefs.begin(),
+ E = ImpDefs.end(); I != E; ++I) {
+ MachineInstr *DefMI = *I;
+ unsigned DefReg = DefMI->getOperand(0).getReg();
+ if (MRI->use_empty(DefReg))
+ DefMI->eraseFromParent();
+ }
+
+ ImpDefs.clear();
+ VRegPHIUseCount.clear();
+ return Changed;
}
-const PassInfo *PHIEliminationID = X.getPassInfo();
/// EliminatePHINodes - Eliminate phi nodes by inserting copy instructions in
/// predecessor basic blocks.
///
bool PNE::EliminatePHINodes(MachineFunction &MF, MachineBasicBlock &MBB) {
- if (MBB.empty() || MBB.front()->getOpcode() != TargetInstrInfo::PHI)
- return false; // Quick exit for normal case...
+ if (MBB.empty() || MBB.front().getOpcode() != TargetInstrInfo::PHI)
+ return false; // Quick exit for basic blocks without PHIs.
- LiveVariables *LV = getAnalysisToUpdate<LiveVariables>();
- const TargetInstrInfo &MII = MF.getTarget().getInstrInfo();
- const MRegisterInfo *RegInfo = MF.getTarget().getRegisterInfo();
+ // Get an iterator to the first instruction after the last PHI node (this may
+ // also be the end of the basic block).
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator AfterPHIsIt = SkipPHIsAndLabels(MBB, MBB.begin());
- while (MBB.front()->getOpcode() == TargetInstrInfo::PHI) {
- MachineInstr *MI = MBB.front();
- // Unlink the PHI node from the basic block... but don't delete the PHI yet
- MBB.erase(MBB.begin());
+ while (MBB.front().getOpcode() == TargetInstrInfo::PHI)
+ LowerAtomicPHINode(MBB, AfterPHIsIt);
- assert(MI->getOperand(0).isVirtualRegister() &&
- "PHI node doesn't write virt reg?");
+ return true;
+}
- unsigned DestReg = MI->getOperand(0).getAllocatedRegNum();
-
- // Create a new register for the incoming PHI arguments
- const TargetRegisterClass *RC = MF.getSSARegMap()->getRegClass(DestReg);
- unsigned IncomingReg = MF.getSSARegMap()->createVirtualRegister(RC);
+/// isSourceDefinedByImplicitDef - Return true if all sources of the phi node
+/// are implicit_def's.
+static bool isSourceDefinedByImplicitDef(const MachineInstr *MPhi,
+ const MachineRegisterInfo *MRI) {
+ for (unsigned i = 1; i != MPhi->getNumOperands(); i += 2) {
+ unsigned SrcReg = MPhi->getOperand(i).getReg();
+ const MachineInstr *DefMI = MRI->getVRegDef(SrcReg);
+ if (!DefMI || DefMI->getOpcode() != TargetInstrInfo::IMPLICIT_DEF)
+ return false;
+ }
+ return true;
+}
+
+// FindCopyInsertPoint - Find a safe place in MBB to insert a copy from SrcReg.
+// This needs to be after any def or uses of SrcReg, but before any subsequent
+// point where control flow might jump out of the basic block.
+MachineBasicBlock::iterator PNE::FindCopyInsertPoint(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
+ unsigned SrcReg) {
+ // Handle the trivial case trivially.
+ if (MBB.empty())
+ return MBB.begin();
+
+ // If this basic block does not contain an invoke, then control flow always
+ // reaches the end of it, so place the copy there. The logic below works in
+ // this case too, but is more expensive.
+ if (!isa<InvokeInst>(MBB.getBasicBlock()->getTerminator()))
+ return MBB.getFirstTerminator();
+
+ // Discover any definition/uses in this basic block.
+ SmallPtrSet<MachineInstr*, 8> DefUsesInMBB;
+ for (MachineRegisterInfo::reg_iterator RI = MRI->reg_begin(SrcReg),
+ RE = MRI->reg_end(); RI != RE; ++RI) {
+ MachineInstr *DefUseMI = &*RI;
+ if (DefUseMI->getParent() == &MBB)
+ DefUsesInMBB.insert(DefUseMI);
+ }
+
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPoint;
+ if (DefUsesInMBB.empty()) {
+ // No def/uses. Insert the copy at the start of the basic block.
+ InsertPoint = MBB.begin();
+ } else if (DefUsesInMBB.size() == 1) {
+ // Insert the copy immediately after the definition/use.
+ InsertPoint = *DefUsesInMBB.begin();
+ ++InsertPoint;
+ } else {
+ // Insert the copy immediately after the last definition/use.
+ InsertPoint = MBB.end();
+ while (!DefUsesInMBB.count(&*--InsertPoint)) {}
+ ++InsertPoint;
+ }
+
+ // Make sure the copy goes after any phi nodes however.
+ return SkipPHIsAndLabels(MBB, InsertPoint);
+}
- // Insert a register to register copy in the top of the current block (but
- // after any remaining phi nodes) which copies the new incoming register
- // into the phi node destination.
+/// LowerAtomicPHINode - Lower the PHI node at the top of the specified block,
+/// under the assuption that it needs to be lowered in a way that supports
+/// atomic execution of PHIs. This lowering method is always correct all of the
+/// time.
+///
+void PNE::LowerAtomicPHINode(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator AfterPHIsIt) {
+ // Unlink the PHI node from the basic block, but don't delete the PHI yet.
+ MachineInstr *MPhi = MBB.remove(MBB.begin());
+
+ unsigned NumSrcs = (MPhi->getNumOperands() - 1) / 2;
+ unsigned DestReg = MPhi->getOperand(0).getReg();
+ bool isDead = MPhi->getOperand(0).isDead();
+
+ // Create a new register for the incoming PHI arguments.
+ MachineFunction &MF = *MBB.getParent();
+ const TargetRegisterClass *RC = MF.getRegInfo().getRegClass(DestReg);
+ unsigned IncomingReg = 0;
+
+ // Insert a register to register copy at the top of the current block (but
+ // after any remaining phi nodes) which copies the new incoming register
+ // into the phi node destination.
+ const TargetInstrInfo *TII = MF.getTarget().getInstrInfo();
+ if (isSourceDefinedByImplicitDef(MPhi, MRI))
+ // If all sources of a PHI node are implicit_def, just emit an
+ // implicit_def instead of a copy.
+ BuildMI(MBB, AfterPHIsIt, MPhi->getDebugLoc(),
+ TII->get(TargetInstrInfo::IMPLICIT_DEF), DestReg);
+ else {
+ IncomingReg = MF.getRegInfo().createVirtualRegister(RC);
+ TII->copyRegToReg(MBB, AfterPHIsIt, DestReg, IncomingReg, RC, RC);
+ }
+
+ // Update live variable information if there is any.
+ LiveVariables *LV = getAnalysisIfAvailable<LiveVariables>();
+ if (LV) {
+ MachineInstr *PHICopy = prior(AfterPHIsIt);
+
+ if (IncomingReg) {
+ // Increment use count of the newly created virtual register.
+ LV->getVarInfo(IncomingReg).NumUses++;
+
+ // Add information to LiveVariables to know that the incoming value is
+ // killed. Note that because the value is defined in several places (once
+ // each for each incoming block), the "def" block and instruction fields
+ // for the VarInfo is not filled in.
+ LV->addVirtualRegisterKilled(IncomingReg, PHICopy);
+ }
+
+ // Since we are going to be deleting the PHI node, if it is the last use of
+ // any registers, or if the value itself is dead, we need to move this
+ // information over to the new copy we just inserted.
+ LV->removeVirtualRegistersKilled(MPhi);
+
+ // If the result is dead, update LV.
+ if (isDead) {
+ LV->addVirtualRegisterDead(DestReg, PHICopy);
+ LV->removeVirtualRegisterDead(DestReg, MPhi);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Adjust the VRegPHIUseCount map to account for the removal of this PHI node.
+ for (unsigned i = 1; i != MPhi->getNumOperands(); i += 2)
+ --VRegPHIUseCount[BBVRegPair(MPhi->getOperand(i + 1).getMBB(),
+ MPhi->getOperand(i).getReg())];
+
+ // Now loop over all of the incoming arguments, changing them to copy into the
+ // IncomingReg register in the corresponding predecessor basic block.
+ SmallPtrSet<MachineBasicBlock*, 8> MBBsInsertedInto;
+ for (int i = NumSrcs - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
+ unsigned SrcReg = MPhi->getOperand(i*2+1).getReg();
+ assert(TargetRegisterInfo::isVirtualRegister(SrcReg) &&
+ "Machine PHI Operands must all be virtual registers!");
+
+ // If source is defined by an implicit def, there is no need to insert a
+ // copy.
+ MachineInstr *DefMI = MRI->getVRegDef(SrcReg);
+ if (DefMI->getOpcode() == TargetInstrInfo::IMPLICIT_DEF) {
+ ImpDefs.insert(DefMI);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ // Get the MachineBasicBlock equivalent of the BasicBlock that is the source
+ // path the PHI.
+ MachineBasicBlock &opBlock = *MPhi->getOperand(i*2+2).getMBB();
+
+ // Check to make sure we haven't already emitted the copy for this block.
+ // This can happen because PHI nodes may have multiple entries for the same
+ // basic block.
+ if (!MBBsInsertedInto.insert(&opBlock))
+ continue; // If the copy has already been emitted, we're done.
+
+ // Find a safe location to insert the copy, this may be the first terminator
+ // in the block (or end()).
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator InsertPos = FindCopyInsertPoint(opBlock, SrcReg);
+
+ // Insert the copy.
+ TII->copyRegToReg(opBlock, InsertPos, IncomingReg, SrcReg, RC, RC);
+
+ // Now update live variable information if we have it. Otherwise we're done
+ if (!LV) continue;
+
+ // We want to be able to insert a kill of the register if this PHI (aka, the
+ // copy we just inserted) is the last use of the source value. Live
+ // variable analysis conservatively handles this by saying that the value is
+ // live until the end of the block the PHI entry lives in. If the value
+ // really is dead at the PHI copy, there will be no successor blocks which
+ // have the value live-in.
//
- MachineBasicBlock::iterator AfterPHIsIt = MBB.begin();
- while (AfterPHIsIt != MBB.end() &&
- (*AfterPHIsIt)->getOpcode() == TargetInstrInfo::PHI)
- ++AfterPHIsIt; // Skip over all of the PHI nodes...
- RegInfo->copyRegToReg(MBB, AfterPHIsIt, DestReg, IncomingReg, RC);
+ // Check to see if the copy is the last use, and if so, update the live
+ // variables information so that it knows the copy source instruction kills
+ // the incoming value.
+ LiveVariables::VarInfo &InRegVI = LV->getVarInfo(SrcReg);
+
+ // Loop over all of the successors of the basic block, checking to see if
+ // the value is either live in the block, or if it is killed in the block.
+ // Also check to see if this register is in use by another PHI node which
+ // has not yet been eliminated. If so, it will be killed at an appropriate
+ // point later.
+
+ // Is it used by any PHI instructions in this block?
+ bool ValueIsLive = VRegPHIUseCount[BBVRegPair(&opBlock, SrcReg)] != 0;
+
+ std::vector<MachineBasicBlock*> OpSuccBlocks;
- // Update live variable information if there is any...
- if (LV) {
- MachineInstr *PHICopy = *(AfterPHIsIt-1);
+ // Otherwise, scan successors, including the BB the PHI node lives in.
+ for (MachineBasicBlock::succ_iterator SI = opBlock.succ_begin(),
+ E = opBlock.succ_end(); SI != E && !ValueIsLive; ++SI) {
+ MachineBasicBlock *SuccMBB = *SI;
- // Add information to LiveVariables to know that the incoming value is
- // dead. This says that the register is dead, not killed, because we
- // cannot use the live variable information to indicate that the variable
- // is defined in multiple entry blocks. Instead, we pretend that this
- // instruction defined it and killed it at the same time.
- //
- LV->addVirtualRegisterDead(IncomingReg, PHICopy);
-
- // Since we are going to be deleting the PHI node, if it is the last use
- // of any registers, or if the value itself is dead, we need to move this
- // information over to the new copy we just inserted...
- //
- std::pair<LiveVariables::killed_iterator, LiveVariables::killed_iterator>
- RKs = LV->killed_range(MI);
- if (RKs.first != RKs.second) {
- for (LiveVariables::killed_iterator I = RKs.first; I != RKs.second; ++I)
- LV->addVirtualRegisterKilled(I->second, PHICopy);
- LV->removeVirtualRegistersKilled(RKs.first, RKs.second);
+ // Is it alive in this successor?
+ unsigned SuccIdx = SuccMBB->getNumber();
+ if (InRegVI.AliveBlocks.test(SuccIdx)) {
+ ValueIsLive = true;
+ break;
}
- RKs = LV->dead_range(MI);
- if (RKs.first != RKs.second) {
- for (LiveVariables::killed_iterator I = RKs.first; I != RKs.second; ++I)
- LV->addVirtualRegisterDead(I->second, PHICopy);
- LV->removeVirtualRegistersDead(RKs.first, RKs.second);
- }
+ OpSuccBlocks.push_back(SuccMBB);
}
- // Now loop over all of the incoming arguments, changing them to copy into
- // the IncomingReg register in the corresponding predecessor basic block.
- //
- for (int i = MI->getNumOperands() - 1; i >= 2; i-=2) {
- MachineOperand &opVal = MI->getOperand(i-1);
-
- // Get the MachineBasicBlock equivalent of the BasicBlock that is the
- // source path the PHI.
- MachineBasicBlock &opBlock = *MI->getOperand(i).getMachineBasicBlock();
-
- // Figure out where to insert the copy, which is at the end of the
- // predecessor basic block, but before any terminator/branch
- // instructions...
- MachineBasicBlock::iterator I = opBlock.end();
- if (I != opBlock.begin()) { // Handle empty blocks
- --I;
- // must backtrack over ALL the branches in the previous block
- while (MII.isTerminatorInstr((*I)->getOpcode()) &&
- I != opBlock.begin())
- --I;
-
- // move back to the first branch instruction so new instructions
- // are inserted right in front of it and not in front of a non-branch
- if (!MII.isTerminatorInstr((*I)->getOpcode()))
- ++I;
+ // Check to see if this value is live because there is a use in a successor
+ // that kills it.
+ if (!ValueIsLive) {
+ switch (OpSuccBlocks.size()) {
+ case 1: {
+ MachineBasicBlock *MBB = OpSuccBlocks[0];
+ for (unsigned i = 0, e = InRegVI.Kills.size(); i != e; ++i)
+ if (InRegVI.Kills[i]->getParent() == MBB) {
+ ValueIsLive = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
}
+ case 2: {
+ MachineBasicBlock *MBB1 = OpSuccBlocks[0], *MBB2 = OpSuccBlocks[1];
+ for (unsigned i = 0, e = InRegVI.Kills.size(); i != e; ++i)
+ if (InRegVI.Kills[i]->getParent() == MBB1 ||
+ InRegVI.Kills[i]->getParent() == MBB2) {
+ ValueIsLive = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ break;
+ }
+ default:
+ std::sort(OpSuccBlocks.begin(), OpSuccBlocks.end());
+ for (unsigned i = 0, e = InRegVI.Kills.size(); i != e; ++i)
+ if (std::binary_search(OpSuccBlocks.begin(), OpSuccBlocks.end(),
+ InRegVI.Kills[i]->getParent())) {
+ ValueIsLive = true;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Okay, if we now know that the value is not live out of the block, we can
+ // add a kill marker in this block saying that it kills the incoming value!
+ if (!ValueIsLive) {
+ // In our final twist, we have to decide which instruction kills the
+ // register. In most cases this is the copy, however, the first
+ // terminator instruction at the end of the block may also use the value.
+ // In this case, we should mark *it* as being the killing block, not the
+ // copy.
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator KillInst = prior(InsertPos);
+ MachineBasicBlock::iterator Term = opBlock.getFirstTerminator();
+ if (Term != opBlock.end()) {
+ if (Term->readsRegister(SrcReg))
+ KillInst = Term;
- // Check to make sure we haven't already emitted the copy for this block.
- // This can happen because PHI nodes may have multiple entries for the
- // same basic block. It doesn't matter which entry we use though, because
- // all incoming values are guaranteed to be the same for a particular bb.
- //
- // If we emitted a copy for this basic block already, it will be right
- // where we want to insert one now. Just check for a definition of the
- // register we are interested in!
- //
- bool HaveNotEmitted = true;
-
- if (I != opBlock.begin()) {
- MachineInstr *PrevInst = *(I-1);
- for (unsigned i = 0, e = PrevInst->getNumOperands(); i != e; ++i) {
- MachineOperand &MO = PrevInst->getOperand(i);
- if (MO.isVirtualRegister() && MO.getReg() == IncomingReg)
- if (MO.opIsDef() || MO.opIsDefAndUse()) {
- HaveNotEmitted = false;
- break;
- }
+ // Check that no other terminators use values.
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+ for (MachineBasicBlock::iterator TI = next(Term); TI != opBlock.end();
+ ++TI) {
+ assert(!TI->readsRegister(SrcReg) &&
+ "Terminator instructions cannot use virtual registers unless"
+ "they are the first terminator in a block!");
}
+#endif
}
+
+ // Finally, mark it killed.
+ LV->addVirtualRegisterKilled(SrcReg, KillInst);
- if (HaveNotEmitted) {
- assert(opVal.isVirtualRegister() &&
- "Machine PHI Operands must all be virtual registers!");
- RegInfo->copyRegToReg(opBlock, I, IncomingReg, opVal.getReg(), RC);
- }
+ // This vreg no longer lives all of the way through opBlock.
+ unsigned opBlockNum = opBlock.getNumber();
+ InRegVI.AliveBlocks.reset(opBlockNum);
}
-
- // really delete the PHI instruction now!
- delete MI;
}
+
+ // Really delete the PHI instruction now!
+ MF.DeleteMachineInstr(MPhi);
+ ++NumAtomic;
+}
- return true;
+/// analyzePHINodes - Gather information about the PHI nodes in here. In
+/// particular, we want to map the number of uses of a virtual register which is
+/// used in a PHI node. We map that to the BB the vreg is coming from. This is
+/// used later to determine when the vreg is killed in the BB.
+///
+void PNE::analyzePHINodes(const MachineFunction& Fn) {
+ for (MachineFunction::const_iterator I = Fn.begin(), E = Fn.end();
+ I != E; ++I)
+ for (MachineBasicBlock::const_iterator BBI = I->begin(), BBE = I->end();
+ BBI != BBE && BBI->getOpcode() == TargetInstrInfo::PHI; ++BBI)
+ for (unsigned i = 1, e = BBI->getNumOperands(); i != e; i += 2)
+ ++VRegPHIUseCount[BBVRegPair(BBI->getOperand(i + 1).getMBB(),
+ BBI->getOperand(i).getReg())];
}
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