-<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
+<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
- <head>
- <title>Getting Started with LLVM System</title>
- </head>
-
- <body bgcolor=white>
- <center><h1>Getting Started with the LLVM System<br><font size=3>By: <a
- href="mailto:gshi1@uiuc.edu">Guochun Shi</a>,
- <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a>,
- <a href="mailto:criswell@uiuc.edu">John Criswell</a>, and
- <a href="http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/~vadve">Vikram Adve</a>
- </font></h1></center>
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <h2><a name="Contents">Contents</a></h2>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
+<head>
+ <title>Getting Started with LLVM System</title>
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="llvm.css" type="text/css">
+</head>
+<body>
+
+<div class="doc_title">
+ Getting Started with the LLVM System
+</div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
+ <li><a href="#quickstart">Getting Started Quickly (A Summary)</a>
+ <li><a href="#requirements">Requirements</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#hardware">Hardware</a>
+ <li><a href="#software">Software</a>
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#starting">Getting Started with LLVM</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#terminology">Terminology and Notation</a>
+ <li><a href="#environment">Setting Up Your Environment</a>
+ <li><a href="#unpack">Unpacking the LLVM Archives</a>
+ <li><a href="#checkout">Checkout LLVM from CVS</a>
+ <li><a href="#installcf">Install the GCC Front End</a>
+ <li><a href="#config">Local LLVM Configuration</a>
+ <li><a href="#compile">Compiling the LLVM Suite Source Code</a>
+ <li><a href="#objfiles">The Location of LLVM Object Files</a>
+ <li><a href="#optionalconfig">Optional Configuration Items</a>
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#layout">Program layout</a>
+ <ol>
+ <li><a href="#cvsdir"><tt>CVS</tt> directories</a>
+ <li><a href="#include"><tt>llvm/include</tt></a>
+ <li><a href="#lib"><tt>llvm/lib</tt></a>
+ <li><a href="#runtime"><tt>llvm/runtime</tt></a>
+ <li><a href="#test"><tt>llvm/test</tt></a>
+ <li><a href="#tools"><tt>llvm/tools</tt></a>
+ <li><a href="#utils"><tt>llvm/utils</tt></a>
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li><a href="#tutorial">An Example Using the LLVM Tool Chain</a>
+ <li><a href="#problems">Common Problems</a>
+ <li><a href="#links">Links</a>
+</ul>
+
+<p>By:
+ <a href="mailto:criswell@uiuc.edu">John Criswell</a>,
+ <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a>,
+ <a href="http://misha.brukman.net">Misha Brukman</a>,
+ <a href="http://www.cs.uiuc.edu/~vadve">Vikram Adve</a>, and
+ <a href="mailto:gshi1@uiuc.edu">Guochun Shi</a>.</p>
+
+
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+<div class="doc_section">
+ <a name="overview"><b>Overview</b></a>
+</div>
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Welcome to LLVM! In order to get started, you first need to know some
+basic information.</p>
+
+<p>First, LLVM comes in two pieces. The first piece is the LLVM suite. This
+contains all of the tools, libraries, and header files needed to use the low
+level virtual machine. It contains an assembler, disassembler, bytecode
+analyzer, and bytecode optimizer. It also contains a test suite that can be
+used to test the LLVM tools and the GCC front end.</p>
+
+<p>The second piece is the GCC front end. This component provides a version of
+GCC that compiles C and C++ code into LLVM bytecode. Currently, the GCC front
+end is a modified version of GCC 3.4 (we track the GCC 3.4 development). Once
+compiled into LLVM bytecode, a program can be manipulated with the LLVM tools
+from the LLVM suite.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+<div class="doc_section">
+ <a name="quickstart"><b>Getting Started Quickly (A Summary)</b></a>
+</div>
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Here's the short story for getting up and running quickly with LLVM:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li>Install the GCC front end:
+ <ol>
+ <li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-the-C-front-end-to-live</i></tt>
+ <li><tt>gunzip --stdout cfrontend.<i>platform</i>.tar.gz | tar -xvf -</tt>
+ <li><b>Sparc and MacOS X Only:</b><br>
+ <tt>cd cfrontend/<i>platform</i><br>
+ ./fixheaders</tt>
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>Get the Source Code
+ <ul>
+ <li>With the distributed files:
+ <ol>
+ <li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt>
+ <li><tt>gunzip --stdout llvm-<i>version</i>.tar.gz | tar -xvf -</tt>
+ <li><tt>cd llvm</tt>
+ </ol></li>
+ <li>With anonymous CVS access:
+ <ol>
+ <li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt></li>
+ <li><tt>cvs -d
+ :pserver:anon@llvm-cvs.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm login</tt></li>
+ <li>Hit the return key when prompted for the password.
+ <li><tt>cvs -z3 -d :pserver:anon@llvm-cvs.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm
+ co llvm</tt></li>
+ <li><tt>cd llvm</tt></li>
+ </ol></li>
+ </ul></li>
+
+ <li>Configure the LLVM Build Environment
+ <ol>
+ <li>Change directory to where you want to store the LLVM object
+ files and run <tt>configure</tt> to configure the Makefiles and
+ header files for the default platform. Useful options include:
+ <ul>
+ <li><tt>--with-llvmgccdir=<i>directory</i></tt>
+ <p>Specify the full pathname of where the LLVM GCC frontend is
+ installed.</p></li>
+ <li><tt>--enable-spec2000=<i>directory</i></tt>
+ <p>Enable the SPEC2000 benchmarks for testing. The SPEC2000
+ benchmarks should be available in
+ <tt><i>directory</i></tt>.</p></li>
+ </ul>
+ </ol></li>
+
+ <li>Build the LLVM Suite:
+ <ol>
+ <li>Set your LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH environment variable.
+ <li><tt>gmake -k |& tee gnumake.out
+ # this is csh or tcsh syntax</tt>
+ </ol>
+
+</ol>
+
+<p>Consult the <a href="starting">Getting Started with LLVM</a> section for
+detailed information on configuring and compiling LLVM. See <a
+href="#environment">Setting Up Your Environment</a> for tips that simplify
+working with the GCC front end and LLVM tools. Go to <a href="#layout">Program
+Layout</a> to learn about the layout of the source code tree.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+<div class="doc_section">
+ <a name="requirements"><b>Requirements</b></a>
+</div>
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Before you begin to use the LLVM system, review the requirements given below.
+This may save you some trouble by knowing ahead of time what hardware and
+software you will need.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="hardware"><b>Hardware</b></a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>LLVM is known to work on the following platforms:</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+ <li>Linux on x86 (Pentium and above)
+ <ul>
+ <li>Approximately 1.02 GB of Free Disk Space
<ul>
- <li><a href="#overview">Overview</a>
- <li><a href="#starting">Getting started with LLVM</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="#requirements">Requirements</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="#hardware">Hardware</a>
- <li><a href="#software">Software</a>
- </ol>
- <li><a href="#quickstart">Getting started quickly (a summary)</a>
- <li><a href="#checkout">Checkout LLVM from CVS</a>
- <li><a href="#terminology">Terminology and Notation</tt></a>
- <li><a href="#objfiles">The location for object files</tt></a>
- <li><a href="#config">Local Configuration Options</tt></a>
- <li><a href="#environment">Setting up your environment</a>
- <li><a href="#compile">Compiling the source code</a>
- </ol>
- <li><a href="#layout">Program layout</a>
- <ol>
- <li><a href="#cvsdir">CVS directories</a>
- <li><a href="#dd"><tt>Depend</tt>, <tt>Debug</tt>, &
- <tt>Release</tt> directories</a></li>
- <li><a href="#include"><tt>llvm/include</tt></a>
- <li><a href="#lib"><tt>llvm/lib</tt></a>
- <li><a href="#test"><tt>llvm/test</tt></a>
- <li><a href="#tools"><tt>llvm/tools</tt></a>
- </ol>
- <li><a href="#tutorial">An example using the LLVM tool chain</a>
- <li><a href="#links">Links</a>
- </ul>
-
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <center>
- <h2><a name="overview"><b>Overview</b></a></h2>
- </center>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
-
- <p>The <a href"starting">next section</a> of this guide is meant to get
- you up and running with LLVM and to give you some basic information about
- the LLVM environment. The <a href"#quickstart">first subsection</a> gives
- a short summary for those who are already familiar with the system and
- want to get started as quickly as possible.
-
- <p>The later sections of this guide describe the <a
- href="#layout">general layout</a> of the the LLVM source-tree, a <a
- href="#tutorial">simple example</a> using the LLVM tool chain, and <a
- href="#links">links</a> to find more information about LLVM or to get
- help via e-mail.
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <center>
- <h2><a name="starting"><b>Getting Started</b></a></h2>
- </center>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <h3><a name="requirements"><b>Requirements</b></a></h3>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <h4><a name="hardware"><b>Hardware</b></a></h4>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- LLVM is known to work on the following platforms:
+ <li>Source code: 45 MB</li>
+ <li>Object code: 956 MB</li>
+ <li>GCC front end: 40 MB</li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>Solaris on SparcV9 (Ultrasparc)
+ <ul>
+ <li>Approximately 1.75 GB of Free Disk Space
+ <ul>
+ <li>Source code: 45 MB</li>
+ <li>Object code: 1705 MB</li>
+ <li>GCC front end: 50 MB</li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>FreeBSD on x86 (Pentium and above)
+ <ul>
+ <li>Approximately 935 MB of Free Disk Space
<ul>
- <li> Linux on x86
- <ul>
- <li> Approximately 700 MB of Free Disk Space
- <ul>
- <li>Source code: 30 MB
- <li>Object code: 670 MB
- </ul>
- </ul>
- <li> Solaris on Sparc
- <ul>
- <li> Approximately 1.03 GB of Free Disk Space
- <ul>
- <li>Source code: 30 MB
- <li>Object code: 1000 MB
- </ul>
- </ul>
- </ul>
-
- LLVM may compile on other platforms. While the LLVM utilities should work,
- they will only generate Sparc or x86 machine code.
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <h4><a name="software"><b>Software</b></a></h4>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
+ <li>Source code: 45 MB</li>
+ <li>Object code: 850 MB</li>
+ <li>GCC front end: 40 MB</li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>MacOS X on PowerPC
+ <ul>
+ <li>No native code generation
+ <li>Approximately 1.25 GB of Free Disk Space
+ <ul>
+ <li>Source code: 45 MB</li>
+ <li>Object code: 1160 MB</li>
+ <li>GCC front end: 40 MB</li>
+ </ul></li>
+ </ul>
+
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The LLVM suite <i>may</i> compile on other platforms, but it is not
+guaranteed to do so. If compilation is successful, the LLVM utilities should be
+able to assemble, disassemble, analyze, and optimize LLVM bytecode. Code
+generation should work as well, although the generated native code may not work
+on your platform.</p>
+
+<p>The GCC front end is not very portable at the moment. If you want to get it
+to work on another platform, you can download a copy of the source and try to
+compile it on your platform.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="software"><b>Software</b></a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Compiling LLVM requires that you have several software packages
+installed:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://gcc.gnu.org">GCC 3.x with C and C++ language
+ support</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/make">GNU Make</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/flex">Flex</a></li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/bison/bison.html">Bison</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>There are some additional tools that you may want to have when working with
+LLVM:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><A href="http://www.gnu.org/software/automake">GNU Automake</A></li>
+ <li><A href="http://www.gnu.org/software/autoconf">GNU Autoconf</A></li>
+ <li><A href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/m4">GNU M4</A>
+
+ <p>If you want to make changes to the configure scripts, you will need GNU
+ autoconf (2.57 or higher), and consequently, GNU M4 (version 1.4 or
+ higher). You will also need automake. Any old version of
+ automake from 1.4p5 on should work; we only use aclocal from that
+ package.</p></li>
+
+ <li><A href="http://www.codesourcery.com/qm/qmtest">QMTest 2.0.3</A></li>
+ <li><A href="http://www.python.org">Python</A>
+
+ <p>
+ These are needed to use the LLVM test suite. Please note that newer
+ versions of QMTest may not work with the LLVM test suite. QMTest 2.0.3
+ can be retrieved from the QMTest CVS repository using the following
+ commands:
+ <ul>
+ <li><tt>cvs -d :pserver:anoncvs@cvs.codesourcery.com:/home/qm/Repository login</tt>
+ </li>
+ <li>When prompted, use <tt>anoncvs</tt> as the password.
+ </li>
+ <li><tt>cvs -d :pserver:anoncvs@cvs.codesourcery.com:/home/qm/Repository co -r release-2-0-3 qm</tt>
+ </li>
+ </ul>
+ </p></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>The remainder of this guide is meant to get you up and running with
+LLVM and to give you some basic information about the LLVM environment.
+A <a href="#starting">complete guide to installation</a> is provided in the
+next section.</p>
+
+<p>The later sections of this guide describe the <a
+href="#layout">general layout</a> of the the LLVM source tree, a <a
+href="#tutorial">simple example</a> using the LLVM tool chain, and <a
+href="#links">links</a> to find more information about LLVM or to get
+help via e-mail.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+<div class="doc_section">
+ <a name="starting"><b>Getting Started with LLVM</b></a>
+</div>
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="terminology">Terminology and Notation</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Throughout this manual, the following names are used to denote paths
+specific to the local system and working environment. <i>These are not
+environment variables you need to set but just strings used in the rest
+of this document below</i>. In any of the examples below, simply replace
+each of these names with the appropriate pathname on your local system.
+All these paths are absolute:</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>SRC_ROOT
+ <dd>
+ This is the top level directory of the LLVM source tree.
<p>
- Compiling LLVM requires that you have several different software packages
- installed:
- <ul>
- <li> GCC
- <p>
- The GNU Compiler Collection must be installed with C and C++ language
- support. GCC 3.x is supported, although some effort has been made to
- support GCC 2.96.
- </p>
-
- <p>
- Note that we currently do not support any other C++ compiler.
- </p>
-
- <li> GNU Make
- <p>
- The LLVM build system relies upon GNU Make extensions. Therefore, you
- will need GNU Make (sometimes known as gmake) to build LLVM.
- </p>
-
- <li> Flex and Bison
- <p>
- The LLVM source code is built using flex and bison. You will not be
- able to configure and compile LLVM without them.
- </p>
- </ul>
+ <dt>OBJ_ROOT
+ <dd>
+ This is the top level directory of the LLVM object tree (i.e. the
+ tree where object files and compiled programs will be placed. It
+ can be the same as SRC_ROOT).
+ <p>
+ <dt>LLVMGCCDIR
+ <dd>
+ This is the where the LLVM GCC Front End is installed.
+ <p>
+ For the pre-built GCC front end binaries, the LLVMGCCDIR is
+ <tt>cfrontend/<i>platform</i>/llvm-gcc</tt>.
+</dl>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="environment">Setting Up Your Environment</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>
+In order to compile and use LLVM, you will need to set some environment
+variables. There are also some shell aliases which you may find useful.
+You can set these on the command line, or better yet, set them in your
+<tt>.cshrc</tt> or <tt>.profile</tt>.
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><tt>LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH</tt>=<tt><i>LLVMGCCDIR</i>/bytecode-libs</tt>
+ <dd>
+ This environment variable helps the LLVM GCC front end find bytecode
+ libraries that it will need for compilation.
<p>
- There are some additional tools that you may want to have when working with
- LLVM:
- </p>
- <ul>
- <li> GNU Autoconf and GNU M4
- <p>
- If you want to make changes to the autoconf scripts which configure LLVM
- for compilation, you will need GNU autoconf, and consequently, GNU M4.
- LLVM was built with autoconf 2.53, so that release and any later
- release should work.
- </p>
- </ul>
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <h3><a name="quickstart"><b>Getting Started Quickly (A Summary)</b></a></h3>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
-
- Here's the short story for getting up and running quickly with LLVM:
- <ol>
- <li>Find the path to the CVS repository containing LLVM (we'll call this <i>CVSROOTDIR</i>).
- <li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt>
- <li><tt>cvs -d <i>CVSROOTDIR</i> checkout llvm</tt>
- <li><tt>cd llvm</tt>
- <li>Run <tt>configure</tt> to configure the Makefiles and header files.
- Useful options include:
- <ul>
- <li><tt>--with-objroot=<i>directory</i></tt>
- <br>
- Specifiy where object files should be placed during the build.
-
- <li><tt>--with-llvmgccdir=<i>directory</i></tt>
- <br>
- Specifiy where the LLVM C frontend has been installed.
- </ul>
- <li>Set your LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH environment variable.
- <li><tt>gmake -k |& tee gnumake.out
- # this is csh or tcsh syntax</tt>
- </ol>
-
- <p>See <a href="#environment">Setting up your environment</a> on tips to
- simplify working with the LLVM front-end and compiled tools. See the
- other sub-sections below for other useful details in working with LLVM,
- or go straight to <a href="#layout">Program Layout</a> to learn about the
- layout of the source code tree.
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="terminology">Terminology and Notation</a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- <p>Throughout this manual, the following names are used to denote paths
- specific to the local system and working environment. <i>These are not
- environment variables you need to set but just strings used in the rest
- of this document below</i>. In any of the examples below, simply replace
- each of these names with the appropriate pathname on your local system.
- All these paths are absolute:</p>
- <ul>
- </ul>
+ <dt>alias llvmgcc <i>LLVMGCCDIR</i><tt>/bin/gcc</tt>
+ <dt>alias llvmg++ <i>LLVMGCCDIR</i><tt>/bin/g++</tt>
+ <dd>
+ This alias allows you to use the LLVM C and C++ front ends without putting
+ them in your <tt>PATH</tt> or typing in their complete pathnames.
+</dl>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="unpack">Unpacking the LLVM Archives</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>
+If you have the LLVM distribution, you will need to unpack it before you
+can begin to compile it. LLVM is distributed as a set of two files: the LLVM
+suite and the LLVM GCC front end compiled for your platform. Each
+file is a TAR archive that is compressed with the gzip program.
+</p>
+
+<p> The files are as follows:
+<dl>
+ <dt>llvm-1.2.tar.gz
+ <dd>This is the source code to the LLVM suite.
+ <p>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="checkout">Checkout LLVM from CVS</a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+ <dt>cfrontend-1.2.sparc-sun-solaris2.8.tar.gz
+ <dd>This is the binary release of the GCC front end for Solaris/Sparc.
+ <p>
- <p>Before checking out the source code, you will need to know the path to
- the CVS repository containing the LLVM source code (we'll call this
- <i>CVSROOTDIR</i> below). Ask the person responsible for your local LLVM
- installation to give you this path.
+ <dt>cfrontend-1.2.i686-redhat-linux-gnu.tar.gz
+ <dd>This is the binary release of the GCC front end for Linux/x86.
+ <p>
- <p>To get a fresh copy of the entire source code, all you
- need to do is check it out from CVS as follows:
- <ul>
- <li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt>
- <li><tt>cvs -d <i>CVSROOTDIR</i> checkout llvm</tt></p>
- </ul>
+ <dt>cfrontend-1.2.i386-unknown-freebsd5.1.tar.gz
+ <dd>This is the binary release of the GCC front end for FreeBSD/x86.
+ <p>
- <p>This will create an '<tt>llvm</tt>' directory in the current
- directory and fully populate it with the LLVM source code, Makefiles,
- test directories, and local copies of documentation files.</p>
+ <dt>cfrontend-1.2.powerpc-apple-darwin7.0.0.tar.gz
+ <dd>This is the binary release of the GCC front end for MacOS X/PPC.
+</dl>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="config">Local Configuration Options</a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="checkout">Checkout LLVM from CVS</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>If you have access to our CVS repository, you can get a fresh copy of
+the entire source code. All you need to do is check it out from CVS as
+follows:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-llvm-to-live</i></tt>
+ <li><tt>cvs -d :pserver:anon@llvm-cvs.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm login</tt>
+ <li>Hit the return key when prompted for the password.
+ <li><tt>cvs -z3 -d :pserver:anon@llvm-cvs.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm co
+ llvm</tt>
+</ul>
+
+<p>This will create an '<tt>llvm</tt>' directory in the current
+directory and fully populate it with the LLVM source code, Makefiles,
+test directories, and local copies of documentation files.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to get a specific release (as opposed to the most recent
+revision), you can specify a label. The following releases have the following
+label:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ Release 1.2: <b>RELEASE_12</b>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ Release 1.1: <b>RELEASE_11</b>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ Release 1.0: <b>RELEASE_1</b>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+If you would like to get the GCC front end source code, you can also get it
+from the CVS repository:
+<ul>
+ <li><tt>cvs -z3 -d :pserver:anon@llvm-cvs.cs.uiuc.edu:/var/cvs/llvm co
+ llvm-gcc</tt>
+</ul>
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="installcf">Install the GCC Front End</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Before configuring and compiling the LLVM suite, you need to extract the LLVM
+GCC front end from the binary distribution. It is used for building the
+bytecode libraries later used by the GCC front end for linking programs, and its
+location must be specified when the LLVM suite is configured.</p>
+
+<p>To install the GCC front end, do the following:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li><tt>cd <i>where-you-want-the-front-end-to-live</i></tt></li>
+ <li><tt>gunzip --stdout cfrontend-<i>version</i>.<i>platform</i>.tar.gz | tar -xvf
+ -</tt></li>
+</ol>
+
+<p>If you are using Solaris/Sparc or MacOS X/PPC, you will need to fix the
+header files:</p>
+
+<p><tt>cd cfrontend/<i>platform</i><br>
+ ./fixheaders</tt></p>
+
+<p>The binary versions of the GCC front end may not suit all of your needs. For
+example, the binary distribution may include an old version of a system header
+file, not "fix" a header file that needs to be fixed for GCC, or it may be
+linked with libraries not available on your system.</p>
+
+<p>In cases like these, you may want to try <a
+href="CFEBuildInstrs.html">building the GCC front end from source.</a> This is
+not for the faint of heart, so be forewarned.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="config">Local LLVM Configuration</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Once checked out from the CVS repository, the LLVM suite source code must be
+configured via the <tt>configure</tt> script. This script sets variables in
+<tt>llvm/Makefile.config</tt> and <tt>llvm/include/Config/config.h</tt>. It
+also populates <i>OBJ_ROOT</i> with the Makefiles needed to begin building
+LLVM.</p>
+
+<p>The following environment variables are used by the <tt>configure</tt>
+script to configure the build system:</p>
+
+<table border=1>
+ <tr>
+ <th>Variable</th>
+ <th>Purpose</th>
+ </tr>
+
+ <tr>
+ <td>CC</td>
+ <td>Tells <tt>configure</tt> which C compiler to use. By default,
+ <tt>configure</tt> will look for the first GCC C compiler in
+ <tt>PATH</tt>. Use this variable to override
+ <tt>configure</tt>'s default behavior.</td>
+ </tr>
+
+ <tr>
+ <td>CXX</td>
+ <td>Tells <tt>configure</tt> which C++ compiler to use. By default,
+ <tt>configure</tt> will look for the first GCC C++ compiler in
+ <tt>PATH</tt>. Use this variable to override
+ <tt>configure</tt>'s default behavior.</td>
+ </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>The following options can be used to set or enable LLVM specific options:</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><i>--with-llvmgccdir=LLVMGCCDIR</i>
+ <dd>
+ Path to the location where the LLVM GCC front end binaries and
+ associated libraries were installed. This must be specified as an
+ absolute pathname.
+ <p>
+ <dt><i>--enable-optimized</i>
+ <dd>
+ Enables optimized compilation by default (debugging symbols are removed
+ and GCC optimization flags are enabled). The default is to use an
+ unoptimized build (also known as a debug build).
+ <p>
+ <dt><i>--enable-jit</i>
+ <dd>
+ Compile the Just In Time (JIT) compiler functionality. This is not
+ available
+ on all platforms. The default is dependent on platform, so it is best
+ to explicitly enable it if you want it.
+ <p>
+ <dt><i>--enable-spec2000</i>
+ <dt><i>--enable-spec2000=<<tt>directory</tt>></i>
+ <dd>
+ Enable the use of SPEC2000 when testing LLVM. This is disabled by default
+ (unless <tt>configure</tt> finds SPEC2000 installed). By specifying
+ <tt>directory</tt>, you can tell configure where to find the SPEC2000
+ benchmarks. If <tt>directory</tt> is left unspecified, <tt>configure</tt>
+ uses the default value
+ <tt>/home/vadve/shared/benchmarks/speccpu2000/benchspec</tt>.
+ <p>
+ <dt><i>--enable-spec95</i>
+ <dt><i>--enable-spec95=<<tt>directory</tt>></i>
+ <dd>
+ Enable the use of SPEC95 when testing LLVM. It is similar to the
+ <i>--enable-spec2000</i> option.
+ <p>
+ <dt><i>--enable-povray</i>
+ <dt><i>--enable-povray=<<tt>directory</tt>></i>
+ <dd>
+ Enable the use of Povray as an external test. Versions of Povray written
+ in C should work. This option is similar to the <i>--enable-spec2000</i>
+ option.
+</dl>
+
+<p>To configure LLVM, follow these steps:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li>Change directory into the object root directory:
+ <br>
+ <tt>cd <i>OBJ_ROOT</i></tt>
+ <p>
- <p>Once checked out from the CVS repository, options and pathnames specific
- to an installation of LLVM can be set via the <tt>configure</tt> script.
- This script sets variables in <tt>llvm/Makefile.config</tt> and
- <tt>llvm/include/Config/config.h</tt>.
+ <li>Run the <tt>configure</tt> script located in the LLVM source tree:
+ <br>
+ <tt><i>SRC_ROOT</i>/configure</tt>
+ <p>
+</ol>
+
+<p>In addition to running <tt>configure</tt>, you must set the
+<tt>LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH</tt> environment variable in your startup scripts.
+This environment variable is used to locate "system" libraries like
+"<tt>-lc</tt>" and "<tt>-lm</tt>" when linking. This variable should be set to
+the absolute path of the <tt>bytecode-libs</tt> subdirectory of the GCC front
+end, or <i>LLVMGCCDIR</i>/<tt>bytecode-libs</tt>. For example, one might set
+<tt>LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH</tt> to
+<tt>/home/vadve/lattner/local/x86/llvm-gcc/bytecode-libs</tt> for the x86
+version of the GCC front end on our research machines.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="compile">Compiling the LLVM Suite Source Code</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Once you have configured LLVM, you can build it. There are three types of
+builds:</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>Debug Builds
+ <dd>
+ These builds are the default when one types <tt>gmake</tt> (unless the
+ <tt>--enable-optimized</tt> option was used during configuration). The
+ build system will compile the tools and libraries with debugging
+ information.
+ <p>
+ <dt>Release (Optimized) Builds
+ <dd>
+ These builds are enabled with the <tt>--enable-optimized</tt> option to
+ <tt>configure</tt> or by specifying <tt>ENABLE_OPTIMIZED=1</tt> on the
+ <tt>gmake</tt> command line. For these builds, the build system will
+ compile the tools and libraries with GCC optimizations enabled and strip
+ debugging information from the libraries and executables it generates.
<p>
- The following environment variables are used by <tt>configure</tt> to
- configure Makefile.config:
- </p>
- <ul>
- <p><li><i>CXX</i> = Pathname of the C++ compiler to use.
- <p><li><i>CC</i> = Pathname of the C compiler to use.
- </ul>
+ <dt>Profile Builds
+ <dd>
+ These builds are for use with profiling. They compile profiling
+ information into the code for use with programs like <tt>gprof</tt>.
+ Profile builds must be started by specifying <tt>ENABLE_PROFILING=1</tt>
+ on the <tt>gmake</tt> command line.
+</dl>
+
+<p>Once you have LLVM configured, you can build it by entering the
+<i>OBJ_ROOT</i> directory and issuing the following command:</p>
+
+<p><tt>gmake</tt></p>
+
+<p>If you have multiple processors in your machine, you may wish to use some of
+the parallel build options provided by GNU Make. For example, you could use the
+command:</p>
+
+<p><tt>gmake -j2</tt></p>
+
+<p>There are several special targets which are useful when working with the LLVM
+source code:</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><tt>gmake clean</tt>
+ <dd>
+ Removes all files generated by the build. This includes object files,
+ generated C/C++ files, libraries, and executables.
+ <p>
+
+ <dt><tt>gmake distclean</tt>
+ <dd>
+ Removes everything that <tt>gmake clean</tt> does, but also removes
+ files generated by <tt>configure</tt>. It attempts to return the
+ source tree to the original state in which it was shipped.
+ <p>
+
+ <dt><tt>gmake install</tt>
+ <dd>
+ Installs LLVM files into the proper location. For the most part,
+ this does nothing, but it does install bytecode libraries into the
+ GCC front end's bytecode library directory. If you need to update
+ your bytecode libraries, this is the target to use once you've built
+ them.
+ <p>
+</dl>
+
+<p>It is also possible to override default values from <tt>configure</tt> by
+declaring variables on the command line. The following are some examples:</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><tt>gmake ENABLE_OPTIMIZED=1</tt>
+ <dd>
+ Perform a Release (Optimized) build.
+ <p>
+
+ <dt><tt>gmake ENABLE_PROFILING=1</tt>
+ <dd>
+ Perform a Profiling build.
+ <p>
+
+ <dt><tt>gmake VERBOSE=1</tt>
+ <dd>
+ Print what <tt>gmake</tt> is doing on standard output.
+ <p>
+</dl>
+
+<p>Every directory in the LLVM object tree includes a <tt>Makefile</tt> to build
+it and any subdirectories that it contains. Entering any directory inside the
+LLVM object tree and typing <tt>gmake</tt> should rebuild anything in or below
+that directory that is out of date.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="objfiles">The Location of LLVM Object Files</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>The LLVM build system is capable of sharing a single LLVM source tree among
+several LLVM builds. Hence, it is possible to build LLVM for several different
+platforms or configurations using the same source tree.</p>
+
+<p>This is accomplished in the typical autoconf manner:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Change directory to where the LLVM object files should live:</p>
+
+ <p><tt>cd <i>OBJ_ROOT</i></tt></p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Run the <tt>configure</tt> script found in the LLVM source
+ directory:</p>
+
+ <p><tt><i>SRC_ROOT</i>/configure</tt></p></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The LLVM build will place files underneath <i>OBJ_ROOT</i> in directories
+named after the build type:</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>Debug Builds
+ <dd>
+ <dl>
+ <dt>Tools
+ <dd><tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/tools/Debug</tt>
+ <dt>Libraries
+ <dd><tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/lib/Debug</tt>
+ </dl>
+ <p>
+
+ <dt>Release Builds
+ <dd>
+ <dl>
+ <dt>Tools
+ <dd><tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/tools/Release</tt>
+ <dt>Libraries
+ <dd><tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/lib/Release</tt>
+ </dl>
+ <p>
+
+ <dt>Profile Builds
+ <dd>
+ <dl>
+ <dt>Tools
+ <dd><tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/tools/Profile</tt>
+ <dt>Libraries
+ <dd><tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/lib/Profile</tt>
+ </dl>
+</dl>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="optionalconfig">Optional Configuration Items</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>
+If you're running on a linux system that supports the "<a
+href="http://www.tat.physik.uni-tuebingen.de/~rguenth/linux/binfmt_misc.html">binfmt_misc</a>"
+module, and you have root access on the system, you can set your system up to
+execute LLVM bytecode files directly. To do this, use commands like this (the
+first command may not be required if you are already using the module):</p>
+
+<pre>
+ $ mount -t binfmt_misc none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc
+ $ echo ':llvm:M::llvm::/path/to/lli:' > /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/register
+ $ chmod u+x hello.bc (if needed)
+ $ ./hello.bc
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+This allows you to execute LLVM bytecode files directly. Thanks to Jack
+Cummings for pointing this out!
+</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+<div class="doc_section">
+ <a name="layout"><b>Program Layout</b></a>
+</div>
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>One useful source of information about the LLVM source base is the LLVM <a
+href="http://www.doxygen.org">doxygen</a> documentation available at <tt><a
+href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/">http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/</a></tt>.
+The following is a brief introduction to code layout:</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="cvsdir"><tt>CVS</tt> directories</a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>Every directory checked out of CVS will contain a <tt>CVS</tt> directory; for
+the most part these can just be ignored.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="include"><tt>llvm/include</tt></a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>This directory contains public header files exported from the LLVM
+library. The three main subdirectories of this directory are:</p>
+
+<ol>
+ <li><tt>llvm/include/llvm</tt> - This directory contains all of the LLVM
+ specific header files. This directory also has subdirectories for
+ different portions of LLVM: <tt>Analysis</tt>, <tt>CodeGen</tt>,
+ <tt>Target</tt>, <tt>Transforms</tt>, etc...</li>
+
+ <li><tt>llvm/include/Support</tt> - This directory contains generic
+ support libraries that are independent of LLVM, but are used by LLVM.
+ For example, some C++ STL utilities and a Command Line option processing
+ library store their header files here.</li>
- The following options can be used to set or enable LLVM specific options:
+ <li><tt>llvm/include/Config</tt> - This directory contains header files
+ configured by the <tt>configure</tt> script. They wrap "standard" UNIX
+ and C header files. Source code can include these header files which
+ automatically take care of the conditional #includes that the
+ <tt>configure</tt> script generates.</li>
+</ol>
- <ul>
- <p><li><i>--with-objroot=LLVM_OBJ_ROOT</i> =
- Path to the directory where
- object files, libraries, and executables should be placed.
- (See the Section on <a href=#objfiles>
- The location for LLVM object files</a>
- for more information.)
- <p><li><i>--with-llvmgccdir=LLVMGCCDIR</i> =
- Path to the location of the LLVM front-end
- binaries and associated libraries.
- <p><li><i>--enable-optimized</i> =
- Enables optimized compilation (debugging symbols are removed and GCC
- optimization flags are enabled).
- <p><li><i>--enable-jit</i> =
- Compile the Just In Time (JIT) functionality. This is not available
- on all platforms.
- </ul>
-
- In addition to running <tt>configure</tt>, you must set the
- <tt>LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH</tt> environment variable in your startup scripts.
- This environment variable is used to locate "system" libraries like
- "<tt>-lc</tt>" and "<tt>-lm</tt>" when linking. This variable should be set
- to the absolute path for the bytecode-libs subdirectory of the C front-end
- install. For example, one might set <tt>LLVM_LIB_SEARCH_PATH</tt> to
- <tt>/home/vadve/lattner/local/x86/llvm-gcc/bytecode-libs</tt> for the X86
- version of the C front-end on our research machines.<p>
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="objfiles">The location for LLVM object files</a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- <p>The LLVM make system sends most output files generated during the build
- into the directory defined by the variable OBJ_ROOT in
- <tt>llvm/Makefile.config</tt>. This can be either just your normal LLVM
- source tree or some other directory writable by you. You may wish to put
- object files on a different filesystem either to keep them from being backed
- up or to speed up local builds.
-
- <p>If you wish to place output files into a separate directory, use the
- <tt>--with-objroot=<i>directory</i></tt> option of <tt>configure</tt> to
- set the top level directory of where the object files will go. Otherwise,
- leave this option unspecified, and <tt>configure</tt> will place files
- within the LLVM source tree.
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="environment">Setting up your environment</a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- <i>NOTE: This step is optional but will set up your environment so you
- can use the compiled LLVM tools with as little hassle as
- possible.</i>)
-
- <p>Add the following lines to your <tt>.cshrc</tt> (or the corresponding
- lines to your <tt>.profile</tt> if you use a bourne shell derivative).
-
- <pre>
- # Make the C front end easy to use...
- alias llvmgcc <i>LLVMGCCDIR</i><tt>/bin/llvm-gcc</tt>
-
- # Make the LLVM tools easy to use...
- setenv PATH <i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/llvm/tools/Debug:${PATH}
- </pre>
- The <tt>llvmgcc</tt> alias is useful because the C compiler is not
- included in the CVS tree you just checked out.
-
- <p>The other <a href="#tools">LLVM tools</a> are part of the LLVM
- source base and built when compiling LLVM. They will be built into the
- <tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/tools/Debug</tt> directory.</p>
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="compile">Compiling the source code</a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- <p>Every directory in the LLVM source tree includes a <tt>Makefile</tt> to
- build it and any subdirectories that it contains. These makefiles require
- that you use GNU Make (sometimes called <tt>gmake</tt>) instead of
- <tt>make</tt> to
- build them, but can
- otherwise be used freely. To build the entire LLVM system, just enter the
- top level <tt>llvm</tt> directory and type <tt>gmake</tt>. A few minutes
- later you will hopefully have a freshly compiled toolchain waiting for you
- in <tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/llvm/tools/Debug</tt>. If you want to look at the
- libraries that
- were compiled, look in <tt><i>OBJ_ROOT</i>/llvm/lib/Debug</tt>.</p>
-
- If you get an error about a <tt>/localhome</tt> directory, follow the
- instructions in the section about <a href="#environment">Setting Up Your
- Environment.</a>
-
-
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <center>
- <h2><a name="layout"><b>Program Layout</b></a></h2>
- </center>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
-
- <p>One useful source of infomation about the LLVM sourcebase is the LLVM <a
- href="http://www.doxygen.org">doxygen</a> documentation, available at <tt><a
- href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/">http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/</a></tt>. The
- following is a brief introduction to code layout:</p>
-
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="cvsdir"><tt>CVS</tt> directories</a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- Every directory checked out of CVS will contain a <tt>CVS</tt> directory;
- for the most part these can just be ignored.
-
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="ddr"><tt>Depend</tt>, <tt>Debug</tt>, & <tt>Release</tt>
- directories</a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- If you are building with the "<tt>OBJ_ROOT=.</tt>" option enabled in the
- <tt>Makefile.config</tt> file (i.e. you did not specify
- <tt>--with-objroot</tt> when you ran <tt>configure</tt>), most source
- directories will contain two
- directories, <tt>Depend</tt> and <tt>Debug</tt>. The <tt>Depend</tt>
- directory contains automatically generated dependance files which are used
- during compilation to make sure that source files get rebuilt if a header
- file they use is modified. The <tt>Debug</tt> directory holds the object
- files, library files, and executables that are used for building a debug
- enabled build. The <tt>Release</tt> directory is created to hold the same
- files when the <tt>ENABLE_OPTIMIZED=1</tt> flag is passed to <tt>gmake</tt>,
- causing an optimized build to be performed.<p>
-
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="include"><tt>llvm/include</tt></a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- This directory contains public header files exported from the LLVM
- library. The three main subdirectories of this directory are:<p>
+</div>
- <ol>
- <li><tt>llvm/include/llvm</tt> - This directory contains all of the LLVM
- specific header files. This directory also has subdirectories for
- different portions of LLVM: <tt>Analysis</tt>, <tt>CodeGen</tt>,
- <tt>Reoptimizer</tt>, <tt>Target</tt>, <tt>Transforms</tt>, etc...
-
- <li><tt>llvm/include/Support</tt> - This directory contains generic
- support libraries that are independant of LLVM, but are used by LLVM.
- For example, some C++ STL utilities and a Command Line option processing
- library.
-
- <li><tt>llvm/include/Config</tt> - This directory contains header files
- configured by the <tt>configure</tt> script. They wrap "standard" UNIX
- and C header files. Source code can include these header files which
- automatically take care of the conditional #includes that the configure
- script generates.
- </ol>
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="lib"><tt>llvm/lib</tt></a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- This directory contains most of the source files of the LLVM system. In
- LLVM almost all
- code exists in libraries, making it very easy to share code among the
- different <a href="#tools">tools</a>.<p>
-
- <dl compact>
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/VMCore/</tt><dd> This directory holds the core LLVM
- source files that implement core classes like Instruction and BasicBlock.
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/AsmParser/</tt><dd> This directory holds the source code
- for the LLVM assembly language parser library.
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/ByteCode/</tt><dd> This directory holds code for reading
- and write LLVM bytecode.
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/CWriter/</tt><dd> This directory implements the LLVM to C
- converter.
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Analysis/</tt><dd> This directory contains a variety of
- different program analyses, such as Dominator Information, Call Graphs,
- Induction Variables, Interval Identification, Natural Loop Identification,
- etc...
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Transforms/</tt><dd> This directory contains the source
- code for the LLVM to LLVM program transformations, such as Aggressive Dead
- Code Elimination, Sparse Conditional Constant Propagation, Inlining, Loop
- Invarient Code Motion, Dead Global Elimination, Pool Allocation, and many
- others...
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Target/</tt><dd> This directory contains files that
- describe various target architectures for code generation. For example,
- the llvm/lib/Target/Sparc directory holds the Sparc machine
- description.<br>
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/CodeGen/</tt><dd> This directory contains the major parts
- of the code generator: Instruction Selector, Instruction Scheduling, and
- Register Allocation.
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Reoptimizer/</tt><dd> This directory holds code related
- to the runtime reoptimizer framework that is currently under development.
-
- <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Support/</tt><dd> This directory contains the source code
- that corresponds to the header files located in
- <tt>llvm/include/Support/</tt>.
- </dl>
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="test"><tt>llvm/test</tt></a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- <p>This directory contains regression tests and source code that is used to
- test the LLVM infrastructure...</p>
-
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
- <h3><a name="tools"><tt>llvm/tools</tt></a></h3>
- <!------------------------------------------------------------------------->
-
- <p>The <b>tools</b> directory contains the executables built out of the
- libraries above, which form the main part of the user interface. You can
- always get help for a tool by typing <tt>tool_name --help</tt>. The
- following is a brief introduction to the most important tools.</p>
-
- <dl compact>
- <dt><tt><b>as</b></tt><dd>The assembler transforms the human readable
- LLVM assembly to LLVM bytecode.<p>
-
- <dt><tt><b>dis</b></tt><dd>The disassembler transforms the LLVM bytecode
- to human readable LLVM assembly. Additionally it can convert LLVM
- bytecode to C, which is enabled with the <tt>-c</tt> option.<p>
-
- <dt><tt><b>lli</b></tt><dd> <tt>lli</tt> is the LLVM interpreter, which
- can directly execute LLVM bytecode (although very slowly...). In addition
- to a simple intepreter, <tt>lli</tt> is also has debugger and tracing
- modes (entered by specifying <tt>-debug</tt> or <tt>-trace</tt> on the
- command line, respectively).<p>
-
- <dt><tt><b>llc</b></tt><dd> <tt>llc</tt> is the LLVM backend compiler,
- which translates LLVM bytecode to a SPARC assembly file.<p>
-
- <dt><tt><b>llvmgcc</b></tt><dd> <tt>llvmgcc</tt> is a GCC based C frontend
- that has been retargeted to emit LLVM code as the machine code output. It
- works just like any other GCC compiler, taking the typical <tt>-c, -S, -E,
- -o</tt> options that are typically used. The source code for the
- <tt>llvmgcc</tt> tool is currently not included in the LLVM cvs tree
- because it is quite large and not very interesting.<p>
-
- <ol>
- <dt><tt><b>gccas</b></tt><dd> This tool is invoked by the
- <tt>llvmgcc</tt> frontend as the "assembler" part of the compiler. This
- tool actually assembles LLVM assembly to LLVM bytecode,
- performs a variety of optimizations,
- and outputs LLVM bytecode. Thus when you invoke <tt>llvmgcc -c x.c -o
- x.o</tt>, you are causing <tt>gccas</tt> to be run, which writes the
- <tt>x.o</tt> file (which is an LLVM bytecode file that can be
- disassembled or manipulated just like any other bytecode file). The
- command line interface to <tt>gccas</tt> is designed to be as close as
- possible to the <b>system</b> '<tt>as</tt>' utility so that the gcc
- frontend itself did not have to be modified to interface to a "wierd"
- assembler.<p>
-
- <dt><tt><b>gccld</b></tt><dd> <tt>gccld</tt> links together several LLVM
- bytecode files into one bytecode file and does some optimization. It is
- the linker invoked by the gcc frontend when multiple .o files need to be
- linked together. Like <tt>gccas</tt> the command line interface of
- <tt>gccld</tt> is designed to match the system linker, to aid
- interfacing with the GCC frontend.<p>
- </ol>
-
- <dt><tt><b>opt</b></tt><dd> <tt>opt</tt> reads LLVM bytecode, applies a
- series of LLVM to LLVM transformations (which are specified on the command
- line), and then outputs the resultant bytecode. The '<tt>opt --help</tt>'
- command is a good way to get a list of the program transformations
- available in LLVM.<p>
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="lib"><tt>llvm/lib</tt></a>
+</div>
-
- <dt><tt><b>analyze</b></tt><dd> <tt>analyze</tt> is used to run a specific
- analysis on an input LLVM bytecode file and print out the results. It is
- primarily useful for debugging analyses, or familiarizing yourself with
- what an analysis does.<p>
+<div class="doc_text">
- </dl>
-
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <h2><a name="tutorial">An example using the LLVM tool chain</h2>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
+<p>This directory contains most of the source files of the LLVM system. In LLVM,
+almost all code exists in libraries, making it very easy to share code among the
+different <a href="#tools">tools</a>.</p>
- <ol>
- <li>First, create a simple C file, name it 'hello.c':
+<dl>
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/VMCore/</tt><dd> This directory holds the core LLVM
+ source files that implement core classes like Instruction and BasicBlock.
+
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/AsmParser/</tt><dd> This directory holds the source code
+ for the LLVM assembly language parser library.
+
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/ByteCode/</tt><dd> This directory holds code for reading
+ and write LLVM bytecode.
+
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/CWriter/</tt><dd> This directory implements the LLVM to C
+ converter.
+
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Analysis/</tt><dd> This directory contains a variety of
+ different program analyses, such as Dominator Information, Call Graphs,
+ Induction Variables, Interval Identification, Natural Loop Identification,
+ etc...
+
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Transforms/</tt><dd> This directory contains the source
+ code for the LLVM to LLVM program transformations, such as Aggressive Dead
+ Code Elimination, Sparse Conditional Constant Propagation, Inlining, Loop
+ Invariant Code Motion, Dead Global Elimination, and many others...
+
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Target/</tt><dd> This directory contains files that
+ describe various target architectures for code generation. For example,
+ the llvm/lib/Target/SparcV9 directory holds the Sparc machine
+ description.<br>
+
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/CodeGen/</tt><dd> This directory contains the major parts
+ of the code generator: Instruction Selector, Instruction Scheduling, and
+ Register Allocation.
+
+ <dt><tt>llvm/lib/Support/</tt><dd> This directory contains the source code
+ that corresponds to the header files located in
+ <tt>llvm/include/Support/</tt>.
+</dl>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="runtime"><tt>llvm/runtime</tt></a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>This directory contains libraries which are compiled into LLVM bytecode and
+used when linking programs with the GCC front end. Most of these libraries are
+skeleton versions of real libraries; for example, libc is a stripped down
+version of glibc.</p>
+
+<p>Unlike the rest of the LLVM suite, this directory needs the LLVM GCC front
+end to compile.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="test"><tt>llvm/test</tt></a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>This directory contains regression tests and source code that is used to test
+the LLVM infrastructure.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="tools"><tt>llvm/tools</tt></a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>The <b>tools</b> directory contains the executables built out of the
+libraries above, which form the main part of the user interface. You can
+always get help for a tool by typing <tt>tool_name --help</tt>. The
+following is a brief introduction to the most important tools:</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><tt><b>analyze</b></tt> <dd><tt>analyze</tt> is used to run a specific
+ analysis on an input LLVM bytecode file and print out the results. It is
+ primarily useful for debugging analyses, or familiarizing yourself with
+ what an analysis does.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>bugpoint</b></tt> <dd><tt>bugpoint</tt> is used to debug
+ optimization passes or code generation backends by narrowing down the
+ given test case to the minimum number of passes and/or instructions that
+ still cause a problem, whether it is a crash or miscompilation. See <a
+ href="HowToSubmitABug.html">HowToSubmitABug.html</a> for more information
+ on using <tt>bugpoint</tt>.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>llvm-ar</b></tt> <dd>The archiver produces an archive containing
+ the given LLVM bytecode files, optionally with an index for faster
+ lookup.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>llvm-as</b></tt> <dd>The assembler transforms the human readable
+ LLVM assembly to LLVM bytecode.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>llvm-dis</b></tt><dd>The disassembler transforms the LLVM
+ bytecode to human readable LLVM assembly.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>llvm-link</b></tt><dd> <tt>llvm-link</tt>, not surprisingly,
+ links multiple LLVM modules into a single program.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>lli</b></tt><dd> <tt>lli</tt> is the LLVM interpreter, which
+ can directly execute LLVM bytecode (although very slowly...). In addition
+ to a simple interpreter, <tt>lli</tt> also has a tracing mode (entered by
+ specifying <tt>-trace</tt> on the command line). Finally, for
+ architectures that support it (currently only x86 and Sparc), by default,
+ <tt>lli</tt> will function as a Just-In-Time compiler (if the
+ functionality was compiled in), and will execute the code <i>much</i>
+ faster than the interpreter.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>llc</b></tt><dd> <tt>llc</tt> is the LLVM backend compiler, which
+ translates LLVM bytecode to a SPARC or x86 assembly file, or to C code (with
+ the -march=c option).<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>llvmgcc</b></tt><dd> <tt>llvmgcc</tt> is a GCC-based C frontend
+ that has been retargeted to emit LLVM code as the machine code output. It
+ works just like any other GCC compiler, taking the typical <tt>-c, -S, -E,
+ -o</tt> options that are typically used. The source code for the
+ <tt>llvmgcc</tt> tool is currently not included in the LLVM CVS tree
+ because it is quite large and not very interesting.<p>
+
+ <blockquote>
+ <dl>
+ <dt><tt><b>gccas</b></tt> <dd>This tool is invoked by the
+ <tt>llvmgcc</tt> frontend as the "assembler" part of the compiler. This
+ tool actually assembles LLVM assembly to LLVM bytecode,
+ performs a variety of optimizations, and outputs LLVM bytecode. Thus
+ when you invoke <tt>llvmgcc -c x.c -o x.o</tt>, you are causing
+ <tt>gccas</tt> to be run, which writes the <tt>x.o</tt> file (which is
+ an LLVM bytecode file that can be disassembled or manipulated just like
+ any other bytecode file). The command line interface to <tt>gccas</tt>
+ is designed to be as close as possible to the <b>system</b>
+ `<tt>as</tt>' utility so that the gcc frontend itself did not have to be
+ modified to interface to a "weird" assembler.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>gccld</b></tt> <dd><tt>gccld</tt> links together several LLVM
+ bytecode files into one bytecode file and does some optimization. It is
+ the linker invoked by the GCC frontend when multiple .o files need to be
+ linked together. Like <tt>gccas</tt>, the command line interface of
+ <tt>gccld</tt> is designed to match the system linker, to aid
+ interfacing with the GCC frontend.</dl><p>
+ </blockquote>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>opt</b></tt><dd> <tt>opt</tt> reads LLVM bytecode, applies a
+ series of LLVM to LLVM transformations (which are specified on the command
+ line), and then outputs the resultant bytecode. The '<tt>opt --help</tt>'
+ command is a good way to get a list of the program transformations
+ available in LLVM.
+
+</dl>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- ======================================================================= -->
+<div class="doc_subsection">
+ <a name="utils"><tt>llvm/utils</tt></a>
+</div>
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>This directory contains utilities for working with LLVM source code, and some
+of the utilities are actually required as part of the build process because they
+are code generators for parts of LLVM infrastructure.</p>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><tt><b>Burg/</b></tt> <dd><tt>Burg</tt> is an instruction selector
+ generator -- it builds trees on which it then performs pattern-matching to
+ select instructions according to the patterns the user has specified. Burg
+ is currently used in the Sparc V9 backend.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>codegen-diff</b></tt> <dd><tt>codegen-diff</tt> is a script
+ that finds differences between code that LLC generates and code that LLI
+ generates. This is a useful tool if you are debugging one of them,
+ assuming that the other generates correct output. For the full user
+ manual, run <tt>`perldoc codegen-diff'</tt>.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>cvsupdate</b></tt> <dd><tt>cvsupdate</tt> is a script that will
+ update your CVS tree, but produce a much cleaner and more organized output
+ than simply running <tt>`cvs -z3 up -dP'</tt> will. For example, it will group
+ together all the new and updated files and modified files in separate
+ sections, so you can see at a glance what has changed. If you are at the
+ top of your LLVM CVS tree, running <tt>utils/cvsupdate</tt> is the
+ preferred way of updating the tree.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>emacs/</b></tt> <dd>The <tt>emacs</tt> directory contains
+ syntax-highlighting files which will work with Emacs and XEmacs editors,
+ providing syntax highlighting support for LLVM assembly files and TableGen
+ description files. For information on how to use the syntax files, consult
+ the <tt>README</tt> file in that directory.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>getsrcs.sh</b></tt> <dd>The <tt>getsrcs.sh</tt> script finds
+ and outputs all non-generated source files, which is useful if one wishes
+ to do a lot of development across directories and does not want to
+ individually find each file. One way to use it is to run, for example:
+ <tt>xemacs `utils/getsources.sh`</tt> from the top of your LLVM source
+ tree.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>makellvm</b></tt> <dd>The <tt>makellvm</tt> script compiles all
+ files in the current directory and then compiles and links the tool that
+ is the first argument. For example, assuming you are in the directory
+ <tt>llvm/lib/Target/Sparc</tt>, if <tt>makellvm</tt> is in your path,
+ simply running <tt>makellvm llc</tt> will make a build of the current
+ directory, switch to directory <tt>llvm/tools/llc</tt> and build it,
+ causing a re-linking of LLC.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>NightlyTest.pl</b></tt> and
+ <tt><b>NightlyTestTemplate.html</b></tt> <dd>These files are used in a
+ cron script to generate nightly status reports of the functionality of
+ tools, and the results can be seen by following the appropriate link on
+ the <a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/">LLVM homepage</a>.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>TableGen/</b></tt> <dd>The <tt>TableGen</tt> directory contains
+ the tool used to generate register descriptions, instruction set
+ descriptions, and even assemblers from common TableGen description
+ files.<p>
+
+ <dt><tt><b>vim/</b></tt> <dd>The <tt>vim</tt> directory contains
+ syntax-highlighting files which will work with the VIM editor, providing
+ syntax highlighting support for LLVM assembly files and TableGen
+ description files. For information on how to use the syntax files, consult
+ the <tt>README</tt> file in that directory.<p>
+
+</dl>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+<div class="doc_section">
+ <a name="tutorial">An Example Using the LLVM Tool Chain</a>
+</div>
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<ol>
+ <li>First, create a simple C file, name it 'hello.c':
<pre>
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
printf("hello world\n");
return 0;
}
- </pre>
-
- <li>Next, compile the C file into a LLVM bytecode file:<p>
+ </pre></li>
- <tt>% llvmgcc hello.c -o hello</tt><p>
+ <li><p>Next, compile the C file into a LLVM bytecode file:</p>
+ <p><tt>% llvmgcc hello.c -o hello</tt></p>
- This will create two result files: <tt>hello</tt> and
+ <p>This will create two result files: <tt>hello</tt> and
<tt>hello.bc</tt>. The <tt>hello.bc</tt> is the LLVM bytecode that
corresponds the the compiled program and the library facilities that it
required. <tt>hello</tt> is a simple shell script that runs the bytecode
- file with <tt>lli</tt>, making the result directly executable.<p>
+ file with <tt>lli</tt>, making the result directly executable.</p></li>
- <li>Run the program. To make sure the program ran, execute one of the
- following commands:<p>
+ <li><p>Run the program. To make sure the program ran, execute one of the
+ following commands:</p>
- <tt>% ./hello</tt><p>
+ <p><tt>% ./hello</tt></p>
- or<p>
+ <p>or</p>
- <tt>% lli hello.bc</tt><p>
+ <p><tt>% lli hello.bc</tt></p></li>
- <li>Use the <tt>dis</tt> utility to take a look at the LLVM assembly
- code:<p>
+ <li><p>Use the <tt>llvm-dis</tt> utility to take a look at the LLVM assembly
+ code:</p>
- <tt>% dis < hello.bc | less</tt><p>
+ <p><tt>% llvm-dis < hello.bc | less</tt><p></li>
- <li>Compile the program to native Sparc assembly using the code
- generator:<p>
+ <li><p>Compile the program to native Sparc assembly using the code
+ generator (assuming you are currently on a Sparc system):</p>
- <tt>% llc hello.bc -o hello.s</tt><p>
+ <p><tt>% llc hello.bc -o hello.s</tt></p>
- <li>Assemble the native sparc assemble file into a program:<p>
+ <li><p>Assemble the native sparc assemble file into a program:</p>
- <tt>% /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc -xarch=v9 hello.s -o hello.sparc</tt><p>
+ <p><tt>% /opt/SUNWspro/bin/cc -xarch=v9 hello.s -o hello.sparc</tt></p>
- <li>Execute the native sparc program:<p>
+ <li><p>Execute the native sparc program:</p>
- <tt>% ./hello.sparc</tt><p>
+ <p><tt>% ./hello.sparc</tt></p></li>
- </ol>
+</ol>
+</div>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
- <h2><a name="links">Links</a></h2>
- <!--=====================================================================-->
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+<div class="doc_section">
+ <a name="problems">Common Problems</a>
+</div>
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
- <p>This document is just an <b>introduction</b> to how to use LLVM to do
- some simple things... there are many more interesting and complicated things
- that you can do that aren't documented here (but we'll gladly accept a patch
- if you want to write something up!). For more information about LLVM, check
- out:</p>
+<div class="doc_text">
- <ul>
- <li><a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/">LLVM homepage</a></li>
- <li><a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/">LLVM doxygen tree</a></li>
- </ul>
+<p>If you are having problems building or using LLVM, or if you have any other
+general questions about LLVM, please consult the <a href="FAQ.html">Frequently
+Asked Questions</a> page.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+<div class="doc_section">
+ <a name="links">Links</a>
+</div>
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
+
+<div class="doc_text">
+
+<p>This document is just an <b>introduction</b> to how to use LLVM to do
+some simple things... there are many more interesting and complicated things
+that you can do that aren't documented here (but we'll gladly accept a patch
+if you want to write something up!). For more information about LLVM, check
+out:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/">LLVM homepage</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/doxygen/">LLVM doxygen tree</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/docs/Projects.html">Starting a Project
+ that Uses LLVM</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
- <hr>
+<hr>
+<address>
+ <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer"><img
+ src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss" alt="Valid CSS!"></a>
+ <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"><img
+ src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401" alt="Valid HTML 4.01!" /></a>
- If you have any questions or run into any snags (or you have any
- additions...), please send an email to
- <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a>.</p>
+ <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a><br>
+ <a href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a><br>
+ Last modified: $Date$
+</address>
- <!-- Created: Mon Jul 1 02:29:02 CDT 2002 -->
- <!-- hhmts start -->
-Last modified: Tue Jun 3 22:06:43 CDT 2003
-<!-- hhmts end -->
- </body>
+</body>
</html>
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