+/// \brief Pre-split loads and stores to simplify rewriting.
+///
+/// We want to break up the splittable load+store pairs as much as
+/// possible. This is important to do as a preprocessing step, as once we
+/// start rewriting the accesses to partitions of the alloca we lose the
+/// necessary information to correctly split apart paired loads and stores
+/// which both point into this alloca. The case to consider is something like
+/// the following:
+///
+/// %a = alloca [12 x i8]
+/// %gep1 = getelementptr [12 x i8]* %a, i32 0, i32 0
+/// %gep2 = getelementptr [12 x i8]* %a, i32 0, i32 4
+/// %gep3 = getelementptr [12 x i8]* %a, i32 0, i32 8
+/// %iptr1 = bitcast i8* %gep1 to i64*
+/// %iptr2 = bitcast i8* %gep2 to i64*
+/// %fptr1 = bitcast i8* %gep1 to float*
+/// %fptr2 = bitcast i8* %gep2 to float*
+/// %fptr3 = bitcast i8* %gep3 to float*
+/// store float 0.0, float* %fptr1
+/// store float 1.0, float* %fptr2
+/// %v = load i64* %iptr1
+/// store i64 %v, i64* %iptr2
+/// %f1 = load float* %fptr2
+/// %f2 = load float* %fptr3
+///
+/// Here we want to form 3 partitions of the alloca, each 4 bytes large, and
+/// promote everything so we recover the 2 SSA values that should have been
+/// there all along.
+///
+/// \returns true if any changes are made.
+bool SROA::presplitLoadsAndStores(AllocaInst &AI, AllocaSlices &AS) {
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << "Pre-splitting loads and stores\n");
+
+ // Track the loads and stores which are candidates for pre-splitting here, in
+ // the order they first appear during the partition scan. These give stable
+ // iteration order and a basis for tracking which loads and stores we
+ // actually split.
+ SmallVector<LoadInst *, 4> Loads;
+ SmallVector<StoreInst *, 4> Stores;
+
+ // We need to accumulate the splits required of each load or store where we
+ // can find them via a direct lookup. This is important to cross-check loads
+ // and stores against each other. We also track the slice so that we can kill
+ // all the slices that end up split.
+ struct SplitOffsets {
+ Slice *S;
+ std::vector<uint64_t> Splits;
+ };
+ SmallDenseMap<Instruction *, SplitOffsets, 8> SplitOffsetsMap;
+
+ // Track loads out of this alloca which cannot, for any reason, be pre-split.
+ // This is important as we also cannot pre-split stores of those loads!
+ // FIXME: This is all pretty gross. It means that we can be more aggressive
+ // in pre-splitting when the load feeding the store happens to come from
+ // a separate alloca. Put another way, the effectiveness of SROA would be
+ // decreased by a frontend which just concatenated all of its local allocas
+ // into one big flat alloca. But defeating such patterns is exactly the job
+ // SROA is tasked with! Sadly, to not have this discrepancy we would have
+ // change store pre-splitting to actually force pre-splitting of the load
+ // that feeds it *and all stores*. That makes pre-splitting much harder, but
+ // maybe it would make it more principled?
+ SmallPtrSet<LoadInst *, 8> UnsplittableLoads;
+
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " Searching for candidate loads and stores\n");
+ for (auto &P : AS.partitions()) {
+ for (Slice &S : P) {
+ Instruction *I = cast<Instruction>(S.getUse()->getUser());
+ if (!S.isSplittable() ||S.endOffset() <= P.endOffset()) {
+ // If this was a load we have to track that it can't participate in any
+ // pre-splitting!
+ if (auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(I))
+ UnsplittableLoads.insert(LI);
+ continue;
+ }
+ assert(P.endOffset() > S.beginOffset() &&
+ "Empty or backwards partition!");
+
+ // Determine if this is a pre-splittable slice.
+ if (auto *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(I)) {
+ assert(!LI->isVolatile() && "Cannot split volatile loads!");
+
+ // The load must be used exclusively to store into other pointers for
+ // us to be able to arbitrarily pre-split it. The stores must also be
+ // simple to avoid changing semantics.
+ auto IsLoadSimplyStored = [](LoadInst *LI) {
+ for (User *LU : LI->users()) {
+ auto *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(LU);
+ if (!SI || !SI->isSimple())
+ return false;
+ }
+ return true;
+ };
+ if (!IsLoadSimplyStored(LI)) {
+ UnsplittableLoads.insert(LI);
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ Loads.push_back(LI);
+ } else if (auto *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(S.getUse()->getUser())) {
+ if (!SI ||
+ S.getUse() != &SI->getOperandUse(SI->getPointerOperandIndex()))
+ continue;
+ auto *StoredLoad = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(SI->getValueOperand());
+ if (!StoredLoad || !StoredLoad->isSimple())
+ continue;
+ assert(!SI->isVolatile() && "Cannot split volatile stores!");
+
+ Stores.push_back(SI);
+ } else {
+ // Other uses cannot be pre-split.
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ // Record the initial split.
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " Candidate: " << *I << "\n");
+ auto &Offsets = SplitOffsetsMap[I];
+ assert(Offsets.Splits.empty() &&
+ "Should not have splits the first time we see an instruction!");
+ Offsets.S = &S;
+ Offsets.Splits.push_back(P.endOffset() - S.beginOffset());
+ }
+
+ // Now scan the already split slices, and add a split for any of them which
+ // we're going to pre-split.
+ for (Slice *S : P.splitSliceTails()) {
+ auto SplitOffsetsMapI =
+ SplitOffsetsMap.find(cast<Instruction>(S->getUse()->getUser()));
+ if (SplitOffsetsMapI == SplitOffsetsMap.end())
+ continue;
+ auto &Offsets = SplitOffsetsMapI->second;
+
+ assert(Offsets.S == S && "Found a mismatched slice!");
+ assert(!Offsets.Splits.empty() &&
+ "Cannot have an empty set of splits on the second partition!");
+ assert(Offsets.Splits.back() ==
+ P.beginOffset() - Offsets.S->beginOffset() &&
+ "Previous split does not end where this one begins!");
+
+ // Record each split. The last partition's end isn't needed as the size
+ // of the slice dictates that.
+ if (S->endOffset() > P.endOffset())
+ Offsets.Splits.push_back(P.endOffset() - Offsets.S->beginOffset());
+ }
+ }
+
+ // We may have split loads where some of their stores are split stores. For
+ // such loads and stores, we can only pre-split them if their splits exactly
+ // match relative to their starting offset. We have to verify this prior to
+ // any rewriting.
+ Stores.erase(
+ std::remove_if(Stores.begin(), Stores.end(),
+ [&UnsplittableLoads, &SplitOffsetsMap](StoreInst *SI) {
+ // Lookup the load we are storing in our map of split
+ // offsets.
+ auto *LI = cast<LoadInst>(SI->getValueOperand());
+ // If it was completely unsplittable, then we're done,
+ // and this store can't be pre-split.
+ if (UnsplittableLoads.count(LI))
+ return true;
+
+ auto LoadOffsetsI = SplitOffsetsMap.find(LI);
+ if (LoadOffsetsI == SplitOffsetsMap.end())
+ return false; // Unrelated loads are definitely safe.
+ auto &LoadOffsets = LoadOffsetsI->second;
+
+ // Now lookup the store's offsets.
+ auto &StoreOffsets = SplitOffsetsMap[SI];
+
+ // If the relative offsets of each split in the load and
+ // store match exactly, then we can split them and we
+ // don't need to remove them here.
+ if (LoadOffsets.Splits == StoreOffsets.Splits)
+ return false;
+
+ DEBUG(dbgs()
+ << " Mismatched splits for load and store:\n"
+ << " " << *LI << "\n"
+ << " " << *SI << "\n");
+
+ // We've found a store and load that we need to split
+ // with mismatched relative splits. Just give up on them
+ // and remove both instructions from our list of
+ // candidates.
+ UnsplittableLoads.insert(LI);
+ return true;
+ }),
+ Stores.end());
+ // Now we have to go *back* through all the stores, because a later store may
+ // have caused an earlier store's load to become unsplittable and if it is
+ // unsplittable for the later store, then we can't rely on it being split in
+ // the earlier store either.
+ Stores.erase(std::remove_if(Stores.begin(), Stores.end(),
+ [&UnsplittableLoads](StoreInst *SI) {
+ auto *LI =
+ cast<LoadInst>(SI->getValueOperand());
+ return UnsplittableLoads.count(LI);
+ }),
+ Stores.end());
+ // Once we've established all the loads that can't be split for some reason,
+ // filter any that made it into our list out.
+ Loads.erase(std::remove_if(Loads.begin(), Loads.end(),
+ [&UnsplittableLoads](LoadInst *LI) {
+ return UnsplittableLoads.count(LI);
+ }),
+ Loads.end());
+
+
+ // If no loads or stores are left, there is no pre-splitting to be done for
+ // this alloca.
+ if (Loads.empty() && Stores.empty())
+ return false;
+
+ // From here on, we can't fail and will be building new accesses, so rig up
+ // an IR builder.
+ IRBuilderTy IRB(&AI);
+
+ // Collect the new slices which we will merge into the alloca slices.
+ SmallVector<Slice, 4> NewSlices;
+
+ // Track any allocas we end up splitting loads and stores for so we iterate
+ // on them.
+ SmallPtrSet<AllocaInst *, 4> ResplitPromotableAllocas;
+
+ // At this point, we have collected all of the loads and stores we can
+ // pre-split, and the specific splits needed for them. We actually do the
+ // splitting in a specific order in order to handle when one of the loads in
+ // the value operand to one of the stores.
+ //
+ // First, we rewrite all of the split loads, and just accumulate each split
+ // load in a parallel structure. We also build the slices for them and append
+ // them to the alloca slices.
+ SmallDenseMap<LoadInst *, std::vector<LoadInst *>, 1> SplitLoadsMap;
+ std::vector<LoadInst *> SplitLoads;
+ const DataLayout &DL = AI.getModule()->getDataLayout();
+ for (LoadInst *LI : Loads) {
+ SplitLoads.clear();
+
+ IntegerType *Ty = cast<IntegerType>(LI->getType());
+ uint64_t LoadSize = Ty->getBitWidth() / 8;
+ assert(LoadSize > 0 && "Cannot have a zero-sized integer load!");
+
+ auto &Offsets = SplitOffsetsMap[LI];
+ assert(LoadSize == Offsets.S->endOffset() - Offsets.S->beginOffset() &&
+ "Slice size should always match load size exactly!");
+ uint64_t BaseOffset = Offsets.S->beginOffset();
+ assert(BaseOffset + LoadSize > BaseOffset &&
+ "Cannot represent alloca access size using 64-bit integers!");
+
+ Instruction *BasePtr = cast<Instruction>(LI->getPointerOperand());
+ IRB.SetInsertPoint(LI);
+
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " Splitting load: " << *LI << "\n");
+
+ uint64_t PartOffset = 0, PartSize = Offsets.Splits.front();
+ int Idx = 0, Size = Offsets.Splits.size();
+ for (;;) {
+ auto *PartTy = Type::getIntNTy(Ty->getContext(), PartSize * 8);
+ auto *PartPtrTy = PartTy->getPointerTo(LI->getPointerAddressSpace());
+ LoadInst *PLoad = IRB.CreateAlignedLoad(
+ getAdjustedPtr(IRB, DL, BasePtr,
+ APInt(DL.getPointerSizeInBits(), PartOffset),
+ PartPtrTy, BasePtr->getName() + "."),
+ getAdjustedAlignment(LI, PartOffset, DL), /*IsVolatile*/ false,
+ LI->getName());
+
+ // Append this load onto the list of split loads so we can find it later
+ // to rewrite the stores.
+ SplitLoads.push_back(PLoad);
+
+ // Now build a new slice for the alloca.
+ NewSlices.push_back(
+ Slice(BaseOffset + PartOffset, BaseOffset + PartOffset + PartSize,
+ &PLoad->getOperandUse(PLoad->getPointerOperandIndex()),
+ /*IsSplittable*/ false));
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " new slice [" << NewSlices.back().beginOffset()
+ << ", " << NewSlices.back().endOffset() << "): " << *PLoad
+ << "\n");
+
+ // See if we've handled all the splits.
+ if (Idx >= Size)
+ break;
+
+ // Setup the next partition.
+ PartOffset = Offsets.Splits[Idx];
+ ++Idx;
+ PartSize = (Idx < Size ? Offsets.Splits[Idx] : LoadSize) - PartOffset;
+ }
+
+ // Now that we have the split loads, do the slow walk over all uses of the
+ // load and rewrite them as split stores, or save the split loads to use
+ // below if the store is going to be split there anyways.
+ bool DeferredStores = false;
+ for (User *LU : LI->users()) {
+ StoreInst *SI = cast<StoreInst>(LU);
+ if (!Stores.empty() && SplitOffsetsMap.count(SI)) {
+ DeferredStores = true;
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " Deferred splitting of store: " << *SI << "\n");
+ continue;
+ }
+
+ Value *StoreBasePtr = SI->getPointerOperand();
+ IRB.SetInsertPoint(SI);
+
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " Splitting store of load: " << *SI << "\n");
+
+ for (int Idx = 0, Size = SplitLoads.size(); Idx < Size; ++Idx) {
+ LoadInst *PLoad = SplitLoads[Idx];
+ uint64_t PartOffset = Idx == 0 ? 0 : Offsets.Splits[Idx - 1];
+ auto *PartPtrTy =
+ PLoad->getType()->getPointerTo(SI->getPointerAddressSpace());
+
+ StoreInst *PStore = IRB.CreateAlignedStore(
+ PLoad, getAdjustedPtr(IRB, DL, StoreBasePtr,
+ APInt(DL.getPointerSizeInBits(), PartOffset),
+ PartPtrTy, StoreBasePtr->getName() + "."),
+ getAdjustedAlignment(SI, PartOffset, DL), /*IsVolatile*/ false);
+ (void)PStore;
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " +" << PartOffset << ":" << *PStore << "\n");
+ }
+
+ // We want to immediately iterate on any allocas impacted by splitting
+ // this store, and we have to track any promotable alloca (indicated by
+ // a direct store) as needing to be resplit because it is no longer
+ // promotable.
+ if (AllocaInst *OtherAI = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(StoreBasePtr)) {
+ ResplitPromotableAllocas.insert(OtherAI);
+ Worklist.insert(OtherAI);
+ } else if (AllocaInst *OtherAI = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(
+ StoreBasePtr->stripInBoundsOffsets())) {
+ Worklist.insert(OtherAI);
+ }
+
+ // Mark the original store as dead.
+ DeadInsts.insert(SI);
+ }
+
+ // Save the split loads if there are deferred stores among the users.
+ if (DeferredStores)
+ SplitLoadsMap.insert(std::make_pair(LI, std::move(SplitLoads)));
+
+ // Mark the original load as dead and kill the original slice.
+ DeadInsts.insert(LI);
+ Offsets.S->kill();
+ }
+
+ // Second, we rewrite all of the split stores. At this point, we know that
+ // all loads from this alloca have been split already. For stores of such
+ // loads, we can simply look up the pre-existing split loads. For stores of
+ // other loads, we split those loads first and then write split stores of
+ // them.
+ for (StoreInst *SI : Stores) {
+ auto *LI = cast<LoadInst>(SI->getValueOperand());
+ IntegerType *Ty = cast<IntegerType>(LI->getType());
+ uint64_t StoreSize = Ty->getBitWidth() / 8;
+ assert(StoreSize > 0 && "Cannot have a zero-sized integer store!");
+
+ auto &Offsets = SplitOffsetsMap[SI];
+ assert(StoreSize == Offsets.S->endOffset() - Offsets.S->beginOffset() &&
+ "Slice size should always match load size exactly!");
+ uint64_t BaseOffset = Offsets.S->beginOffset();
+ assert(BaseOffset + StoreSize > BaseOffset &&
+ "Cannot represent alloca access size using 64-bit integers!");
+
+ Value *LoadBasePtr = LI->getPointerOperand();
+ Instruction *StoreBasePtr = cast<Instruction>(SI->getPointerOperand());
+
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " Splitting store: " << *SI << "\n");
+
+ // Check whether we have an already split load.
+ auto SplitLoadsMapI = SplitLoadsMap.find(LI);
+ std::vector<LoadInst *> *SplitLoads = nullptr;
+ if (SplitLoadsMapI != SplitLoadsMap.end()) {
+ SplitLoads = &SplitLoadsMapI->second;
+ assert(SplitLoads->size() == Offsets.Splits.size() + 1 &&
+ "Too few split loads for the number of splits in the store!");
+ } else {
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " of load: " << *LI << "\n");
+ }
+
+ uint64_t PartOffset = 0, PartSize = Offsets.Splits.front();
+ int Idx = 0, Size = Offsets.Splits.size();
+ for (;;) {
+ auto *PartTy = Type::getIntNTy(Ty->getContext(), PartSize * 8);
+ auto *PartPtrTy = PartTy->getPointerTo(SI->getPointerAddressSpace());
+
+ // Either lookup a split load or create one.
+ LoadInst *PLoad;
+ if (SplitLoads) {
+ PLoad = (*SplitLoads)[Idx];
+ } else {
+ IRB.SetInsertPoint(LI);
+ PLoad = IRB.CreateAlignedLoad(
+ getAdjustedPtr(IRB, DL, LoadBasePtr,
+ APInt(DL.getPointerSizeInBits(), PartOffset),
+ PartPtrTy, LoadBasePtr->getName() + "."),
+ getAdjustedAlignment(LI, PartOffset, DL), /*IsVolatile*/ false,
+ LI->getName());
+ }
+
+ // And store this partition.
+ IRB.SetInsertPoint(SI);
+ StoreInst *PStore = IRB.CreateAlignedStore(
+ PLoad, getAdjustedPtr(IRB, DL, StoreBasePtr,
+ APInt(DL.getPointerSizeInBits(), PartOffset),
+ PartPtrTy, StoreBasePtr->getName() + "."),
+ getAdjustedAlignment(SI, PartOffset, DL), /*IsVolatile*/ false);
+
+ // Now build a new slice for the alloca.
+ NewSlices.push_back(
+ Slice(BaseOffset + PartOffset, BaseOffset + PartOffset + PartSize,
+ &PStore->getOperandUse(PStore->getPointerOperandIndex()),
+ /*IsSplittable*/ false));
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " new slice [" << NewSlices.back().beginOffset()
+ << ", " << NewSlices.back().endOffset() << "): " << *PStore
+ << "\n");
+ if (!SplitLoads) {
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " of split load: " << *PLoad << "\n");
+ }
+
+ // See if we've finished all the splits.
+ if (Idx >= Size)
+ break;
+
+ // Setup the next partition.
+ PartOffset = Offsets.Splits[Idx];
+ ++Idx;
+ PartSize = (Idx < Size ? Offsets.Splits[Idx] : StoreSize) - PartOffset;
+ }
+
+ // We want to immediately iterate on any allocas impacted by splitting
+ // this load, which is only relevant if it isn't a load of this alloca and
+ // thus we didn't already split the loads above. We also have to keep track
+ // of any promotable allocas we split loads on as they can no longer be
+ // promoted.
+ if (!SplitLoads) {
+ if (AllocaInst *OtherAI = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(LoadBasePtr)) {
+ assert(OtherAI != &AI && "We can't re-split our own alloca!");
+ ResplitPromotableAllocas.insert(OtherAI);
+ Worklist.insert(OtherAI);
+ } else if (AllocaInst *OtherAI = dyn_cast<AllocaInst>(
+ LoadBasePtr->stripInBoundsOffsets())) {
+ assert(OtherAI != &AI && "We can't re-split our own alloca!");
+ Worklist.insert(OtherAI);
+ }
+ }
+
+ // Mark the original store as dead now that we've split it up and kill its
+ // slice. Note that we leave the original load in place unless this store
+ // was its only use. It may in turn be split up if it is an alloca load
+ // for some other alloca, but it may be a normal load. This may introduce
+ // redundant loads, but where those can be merged the rest of the optimizer
+ // should handle the merging, and this uncovers SSA splits which is more
+ // important. In practice, the original loads will almost always be fully
+ // split and removed eventually, and the splits will be merged by any
+ // trivial CSE, including instcombine.
+ if (LI->hasOneUse()) {
+ assert(*LI->user_begin() == SI && "Single use isn't this store!");
+ DeadInsts.insert(LI);
+ }
+ DeadInsts.insert(SI);
+ Offsets.S->kill();
+ }
+
+ // Remove the killed slices that have ben pre-split.
+ AS.erase(std::remove_if(AS.begin(), AS.end(), [](const Slice &S) {
+ return S.isDead();
+ }), AS.end());
+
+ // Insert our new slices. This will sort and merge them into the sorted
+ // sequence.
+ AS.insert(NewSlices);
+
+ DEBUG(dbgs() << " Pre-split slices:\n");
+#ifndef NDEBUG
+ for (auto I = AS.begin(), E = AS.end(); I != E; ++I)
+ DEBUG(AS.print(dbgs(), I, " "));
+#endif
+
+ // Finally, don't try to promote any allocas that new require re-splitting.
+ // They have already been added to the worklist above.
+ PromotableAllocas.erase(
+ std::remove_if(
+ PromotableAllocas.begin(), PromotableAllocas.end(),
+ [&](AllocaInst *AI) { return ResplitPromotableAllocas.count(AI); }),
+ PromotableAllocas.end());
+
+ return true;
+}
+