1 // Copyright 2005, Google Inc.
2 // All rights reserved.
4 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
5 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
8 // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
9 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
10 // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
11 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
12 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
14 // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
15 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
16 // this software without specific prior written permission.
18 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
19 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
20 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
21 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
22 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
23 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
24 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
25 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
26 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
27 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
28 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
30 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan), vladl@google.com (Vlad Losev)
32 // This file implements death tests.
34 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
35 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
37 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
40 # include <crt_externs.h>
41 # endif // GTEST_OS_MAC
51 # include <sys/mman.h>
52 # include <sys/wait.h>
53 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
55 #endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
57 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
58 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
60 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
61 // implementation. It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
62 // included, or there will be a compiler error. This trick is to
63 // prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
65 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
66 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
67 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
73 // The default death test style.
74 static const char kDefaultDeathTestStyle[] = "fast";
78 internal::StringFromGTestEnv("death_test_style", kDefaultDeathTestStyle),
79 "Indicates how to run a death test in a forked child process: "
80 "\"threadsafe\" (child process re-executes the test binary "
81 "from the beginning, running only the specific death test) or "
82 "\"fast\" (child process runs the death test immediately "
87 internal::BoolFromGTestEnv("death_test_use_fork", false),
88 "Instructs to use fork()/_exit() instead of clone() in death tests. "
89 "Ignored and always uses fork() on POSIX systems where clone() is not "
90 "implemented. Useful when running under valgrind or similar tools if "
91 "those do not support clone(). Valgrind 3.3.1 will just fail if "
92 "it sees an unsupported combination of clone() flags. "
93 "It is not recommended to use this flag w/o valgrind though it will "
94 "work in 99% of the cases. Once valgrind is fixed, this flag will "
95 "most likely be removed.");
99 internal_run_death_test, "",
100 "Indicates the file, line number, temporal index of "
101 "the single death test to run, and a file descriptor to "
102 "which a success code may be sent, all separated by "
103 "colons. This flag is specified if and only if the current "
104 "process is a sub-process launched for running a thread-safe "
105 "death test. FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.");
106 } // namespace internal
108 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
110 // ExitedWithCode constructor.
111 ExitedWithCode::ExitedWithCode(int exit_code) : exit_code_(exit_code) {
114 // ExitedWithCode function-call operator.
115 bool ExitedWithCode::operator()(int exit_status) const {
116 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
118 return exit_status == exit_code_;
122 return WIFEXITED(exit_status) && WEXITSTATUS(exit_status) == exit_code_;
124 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
127 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
128 // KilledBySignal constructor.
129 KilledBySignal::KilledBySignal(int signum) : signum_(signum) {
132 // KilledBySignal function-call operator.
133 bool KilledBySignal::operator()(int exit_status) const {
134 return WIFSIGNALED(exit_status) && WTERMSIG(exit_status) == signum_;
136 # endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
140 // Utilities needed for death tests.
142 // Generates a textual description of a given exit code, in the format
143 // specified by wait(2).
144 static String ExitSummary(int exit_code) {
147 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
149 m << "Exited with exit status " << exit_code;
153 if (WIFEXITED(exit_code)) {
154 m << "Exited with exit status " << WEXITSTATUS(exit_code);
155 } else if (WIFSIGNALED(exit_code)) {
156 m << "Terminated by signal " << WTERMSIG(exit_code);
159 if (WCOREDUMP(exit_code)) {
160 m << " (core dumped)";
163 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
165 return m.GetString();
168 // Returns true if exit_status describes a process that was terminated
169 // by a signal, or exited normally with a nonzero exit code.
170 bool ExitedUnsuccessfully(int exit_status) {
171 return !ExitedWithCode(0)(exit_status);
174 # if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
175 // Generates a textual failure message when a death test finds more than
176 // one thread running, or cannot determine the number of threads, prior
177 // to executing the given statement. It is the responsibility of the
178 // caller not to pass a thread_count of 1.
179 static String DeathTestThreadWarning(size_t thread_count) {
181 msg << "Death tests use fork(), which is unsafe particularly"
182 << " in a threaded context. For this test, " << GTEST_NAME_ << " ";
183 if (thread_count == 0)
184 msg << "couldn't detect the number of threads.";
186 msg << "detected " << thread_count << " threads.";
187 return msg.GetString();
189 # endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
191 // Flag characters for reporting a death test that did not die.
192 static const char kDeathTestLived = 'L';
193 static const char kDeathTestReturned = 'R';
194 static const char kDeathTestThrew = 'T';
195 static const char kDeathTestInternalError = 'I';
197 // An enumeration describing all of the possible ways that a death test can
198 // conclude. DIED means that the process died while executing the test
199 // code; LIVED means that process lived beyond the end of the test code;
200 // RETURNED means that the test statement attempted to execute a return
201 // statement, which is not allowed; THREW means that the test statement
202 // returned control by throwing an exception. IN_PROGRESS means the test
203 // has not yet concluded.
204 // TODO(vladl@google.com): Unify names and possibly values for
205 // AbortReason, DeathTestOutcome, and flag characters above.
206 enum DeathTestOutcome { IN_PROGRESS, DIED, LIVED, RETURNED, THREW };
208 // Routine for aborting the program which is safe to call from an
209 // exec-style death test child process, in which case the error
210 // message is propagated back to the parent process. Otherwise, the
211 // message is simply printed to stderr. In either case, the program
212 // then exits with status 1.
213 void DeathTestAbort(const String& message) {
214 // On a POSIX system, this function may be called from a threadsafe-style
215 // death test child process, which operates on a very small stack. Use
216 // the heap for any additional non-minuscule memory requirements.
217 const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
218 GetUnitTestImpl()->internal_run_death_test_flag();
220 FILE* parent = posix::FDOpen(flag->write_fd(), "w");
221 fputc(kDeathTestInternalError, parent);
222 fprintf(parent, "%s", message.c_str());
226 fprintf(stderr, "%s", message.c_str());
232 // A replacement for CHECK that calls DeathTestAbort if the assertion
234 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(expression) \
236 if (!::testing::internal::IsTrue(expression)) { \
237 DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
238 "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s", \
239 __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
241 } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
243 // This macro is similar to GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_, but it is meant for
244 // evaluating any system call that fulfills two conditions: it must return
245 // -1 on failure, and set errno to EINTR when it is interrupted and
246 // should be tried again. The macro expands to a loop that repeatedly
247 // evaluates the expression as long as it evaluates to -1 and sets
248 // errno to EINTR. If the expression evaluates to -1 but errno is
249 // something other than EINTR, DeathTestAbort is called.
250 # define GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(expression) \
254 gtest_retval = (expression); \
255 } while (gtest_retval == -1 && errno == EINTR); \
256 if (gtest_retval == -1) { \
257 DeathTestAbort(::testing::internal::String::Format( \
258 "CHECK failed: File %s, line %d: %s != -1", \
259 __FILE__, __LINE__, #expression)); \
261 } while (::testing::internal::AlwaysFalse())
263 // Returns the message describing the last system error in errno.
264 String GetLastErrnoDescription() {
265 return String(errno == 0 ? "" : posix::StrError(errno));
268 // This is called from a death test parent process to read a failure
269 // message from the death test child process and log it with the FATAL
270 // severity. On Windows, the message is read from a pipe handle. On other
271 // platforms, it is read from a file descriptor.
272 static void FailFromInternalError(int fd) {
278 while ((num_read = posix::Read(fd, buffer, 255)) > 0) {
279 buffer[num_read] = '\0';
282 } while (num_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
285 GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << error.GetString();
287 const int last_error = errno;
288 GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Error while reading death test internal: "
289 << GetLastErrnoDescription() << " [" << last_error << "]";
293 // Death test constructor. Increments the running death test count
294 // for the current test.
295 DeathTest::DeathTest() {
296 TestInfo* const info = GetUnitTestImpl()->current_test_info();
298 DeathTestAbort("Cannot run a death test outside of a TEST or "
303 // Creates and returns a death test by dispatching to the current
304 // death test factory.
305 bool DeathTest::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
306 const char* file, int line, DeathTest** test) {
307 return GetUnitTestImpl()->death_test_factory()->Create(
308 statement, regex, file, line, test);
311 const char* DeathTest::LastMessage() {
312 return last_death_test_message_.c_str();
315 void DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(const String& message) {
316 last_death_test_message_ = message;
319 String DeathTest::last_death_test_message_;
321 // Provides cross platform implementation for some death functionality.
322 class DeathTestImpl : public DeathTest {
324 DeathTestImpl(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
325 : statement_(a_statement),
329 outcome_(IN_PROGRESS),
333 // read_fd_ is expected to be closed and cleared by a derived class.
334 ~DeathTestImpl() { GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(read_fd_ == -1); }
336 void Abort(AbortReason reason);
337 virtual bool Passed(bool status_ok);
339 const char* statement() const { return statement_; }
340 const RE* regex() const { return regex_; }
341 bool spawned() const { return spawned_; }
342 void set_spawned(bool is_spawned) { spawned_ = is_spawned; }
343 int status() const { return status_; }
344 void set_status(int a_status) { status_ = a_status; }
345 DeathTestOutcome outcome() const { return outcome_; }
346 void set_outcome(DeathTestOutcome an_outcome) { outcome_ = an_outcome; }
347 int read_fd() const { return read_fd_; }
348 void set_read_fd(int fd) { read_fd_ = fd; }
349 int write_fd() const { return write_fd_; }
350 void set_write_fd(int fd) { write_fd_ = fd; }
352 // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
353 // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
354 // member, and closes read_fd_. Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
355 // case of unexpected codes.
356 void ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
359 // The textual content of the code this object is testing. This class
360 // doesn't own this string and should not attempt to delete it.
361 const char* const statement_;
362 // The regular expression which test output must match. DeathTestImpl
363 // doesn't own this object and should not attempt to delete it.
364 const RE* const regex_;
365 // True if the death test child process has been successfully spawned.
367 // The exit status of the child process.
369 // How the death test concluded.
370 DeathTestOutcome outcome_;
371 // Descriptor to the read end of the pipe to the child process. It is
372 // always -1 in the child process. The child keeps its write end of the
373 // pipe in write_fd_.
375 // Descriptor to the child's write end of the pipe to the parent process.
376 // It is always -1 in the parent process. The parent keeps its end of the
381 // Called in the parent process only. Reads the result code of the death
382 // test child process via a pipe, interprets it to set the outcome_
383 // member, and closes read_fd_. Outputs diagnostics and terminates in
384 // case of unexpected codes.
385 void DeathTestImpl::ReadAndInterpretStatusByte() {
389 // The read() here blocks until data is available (signifying the
390 // failure of the death test) or until the pipe is closed (signifying
391 // its success), so it's okay to call this in the parent before
392 // the child process has exited.
394 bytes_read = posix::Read(read_fd(), &flag, 1);
395 } while (bytes_read == -1 && errno == EINTR);
397 if (bytes_read == 0) {
399 } else if (bytes_read == 1) {
401 case kDeathTestReturned:
402 set_outcome(RETURNED);
404 case kDeathTestThrew:
407 case kDeathTestLived:
410 case kDeathTestInternalError:
411 FailFromInternalError(read_fd()); // Does not return.
414 GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Death test child process reported "
415 << "unexpected status byte ("
416 << static_cast<unsigned int>(flag) << ")";
419 GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Read from death test child process failed: "
420 << GetLastErrnoDescription();
422 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Close(read_fd()));
426 // Signals that the death test code which should have exited, didn't.
427 // Should be called only in a death test child process.
428 // Writes a status byte to the child's status file descriptor, then
430 void DeathTestImpl::Abort(AbortReason reason) {
431 // The parent process considers the death test to be a failure if
432 // it finds any data in our pipe. So, here we write a single flag byte
433 // to the pipe, then exit.
434 const char status_ch =
435 reason == TEST_DID_NOT_DIE ? kDeathTestLived :
436 reason == TEST_THREW_EXCEPTION ? kDeathTestThrew : kDeathTestReturned;
438 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(posix::Write(write_fd(), &status_ch, 1));
439 // We are leaking the descriptor here because on some platforms (i.e.,
440 // when built as Windows DLL), destructors of global objects will still
441 // run after calling _exit(). On such systems, write_fd_ will be
442 // indirectly closed from the destructor of UnitTestImpl, causing double
443 // close if it is also closed here. On debug configurations, double close
444 // may assert. As there are no in-process buffers to flush here, we are
445 // relying on the OS to close the descriptor after the process terminates
446 // when the destructors are not run.
447 _exit(1); // Exits w/o any normal exit hooks (we were supposed to crash)
450 // Returns an indented copy of stderr output for a death test.
451 // This makes distinguishing death test output lines from regular log lines
453 static ::std::string FormatDeathTestOutput(const ::std::string& output) {
455 for (size_t at = 0; ; ) {
456 const size_t line_end = output.find('\n', at);
458 if (line_end == ::std::string::npos) {
459 ret += output.substr(at);
462 ret += output.substr(at, line_end + 1 - at);
468 // Assesses the success or failure of a death test, using both private
469 // members which have previously been set, and one argument:
471 // Private data members:
472 // outcome: An enumeration describing how the death test
473 // concluded: DIED, LIVED, THREW, or RETURNED. The death test
474 // fails in the latter three cases.
475 // status: The exit status of the child process. On *nix, it is in the
476 // in the format specified by wait(2). On Windows, this is the
477 // value supplied to the ExitProcess() API or a numeric code
478 // of the exception that terminated the program.
479 // regex: A regular expression object to be applied to
480 // the test's captured standard error output; the death test
481 // fails if it does not match.
484 // status_ok: true if exit_status is acceptable in the context of
485 // this particular death test, which fails if it is false
487 // Returns true iff all of the above conditions are met. Otherwise, the
488 // first failing condition, in the order given above, is the one that is
489 // reported. Also sets the last death test message string.
490 bool DeathTestImpl::Passed(bool status_ok) {
494 const String error_message = GetCapturedStderr();
496 bool success = false;
499 buffer << "Death test: " << statement() << "\n";
502 buffer << " Result: failed to die.\n"
503 << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
506 buffer << " Result: threw an exception.\n"
507 << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
510 buffer << " Result: illegal return in test statement.\n"
511 << " Error msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
515 const bool matched = RE::PartialMatch(error_message.c_str(), *regex());
519 buffer << " Result: died but not with expected error.\n"
520 << " Expected: " << regex()->pattern() << "\n"
521 << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
524 buffer << " Result: died but not with expected exit code:\n"
525 << " " << ExitSummary(status()) << "\n"
526 << "Actual msg:\n" << FormatDeathTestOutput(error_message);
531 << "DeathTest::Passed somehow called before conclusion of test";
534 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(buffer.GetString());
538 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
539 // WindowsDeathTest implements death tests on Windows. Due to the
540 // specifics of starting new processes on Windows, death tests there are
541 // always threadsafe, and Google Test considers the
542 // --gtest_death_test_style=fast setting to be equivalent to
543 // --gtest_death_test_style=threadsafe there.
545 // A few implementation notes: Like the Linux version, the Windows
546 // implementation uses pipes for child-to-parent communication. But due to
547 // the specifics of pipes on Windows, some extra steps are required:
549 // 1. The parent creates a communication pipe and stores handles to both
551 // 2. The parent starts the child and provides it with the information
552 // necessary to acquire the handle to the write end of the pipe.
553 // 3. The child acquires the write end of the pipe and signals the parent
554 // using a Windows event.
555 // 4. Now the parent can release the write end of the pipe on its side. If
556 // this is done before step 3, the object's reference count goes down to
557 // 0 and it is destroyed, preventing the child from acquiring it. The
558 // parent now has to release it, or read operations on the read end of
559 // the pipe will not return when the child terminates.
560 // 5. The parent reads child's output through the pipe (outcome code and
561 // any possible error messages) from the pipe, and its stderr and then
562 // determines whether to fail the test.
564 // Note: to distinguish Win32 API calls from the local method and function
565 // calls, the former are explicitly resolved in the global namespace.
567 class WindowsDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
569 WindowsDeathTest(const char* a_statement,
573 : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) {}
575 // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
577 virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
580 // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
581 const char* const file_;
582 // The line number on which the death test is located.
584 // Handle to the write end of the pipe to the child process.
585 AutoHandle write_handle_;
586 // Child process handle.
587 AutoHandle child_handle_;
588 // Event the child process uses to signal the parent that it has
589 // acquired the handle to the write end of the pipe. After seeing this
590 // event the parent can release its own handles to make sure its
591 // ReadFile() calls return when the child terminates.
592 AutoHandle event_handle_;
595 // Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
596 // status, or 0 if no child process exists. As a side effect, sets the
597 // outcome data member.
598 int WindowsDeathTest::Wait() {
602 // Wait until the child either signals that it has acquired the write end
603 // of the pipe or it dies.
604 const HANDLE wait_handles[2] = { child_handle_.Get(), event_handle_.Get() };
605 switch (::WaitForMultipleObjects(2,
607 FALSE, // Waits for any of the handles.
610 case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
613 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(false); // Should not get here.
616 // The child has acquired the write end of the pipe or exited.
617 // We release the handle on our side and continue.
618 write_handle_.Reset();
619 event_handle_.Reset();
621 ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
623 // Waits for the child process to exit if it haven't already. This
624 // returns immediately if the child has already exited, regardless of
625 // whether previous calls to WaitForMultipleObjects synchronized on this
627 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
628 WAIT_OBJECT_0 == ::WaitForSingleObject(child_handle_.Get(),
631 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
632 ::GetExitCodeProcess(child_handle_.Get(), &status_code) != FALSE);
633 child_handle_.Reset();
634 set_status(static_cast<int>(status_code));
638 // The AssumeRole process for a Windows death test. It creates a child
639 // process with the same executable as the current process to run the
640 // death test. The child process is given the --gtest_filter and
641 // --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags such that it knows to run the
642 // current death test only.
643 DeathTest::TestRole WindowsDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
644 const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
645 const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
646 impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
647 const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
648 const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
651 // ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() has performed all the necessary
653 set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
657 // WindowsDeathTest uses an anonymous pipe to communicate results of
659 SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES handles_are_inheritable = {
660 sizeof(SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES), NULL, TRUE };
661 HANDLE read_handle, write_handle;
662 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
663 ::CreatePipe(&read_handle, &write_handle, &handles_are_inheritable,
664 0) // Default buffer size.
666 set_read_fd(::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(read_handle),
668 write_handle_.Reset(write_handle);
669 event_handle_.Reset(::CreateEvent(
670 &handles_are_inheritable,
671 TRUE, // The event will automatically reset to non-signaled state.
672 FALSE, // The initial state is non-signalled.
673 NULL)); // The even is unnamed.
674 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(event_handle_.Get() != NULL);
675 const String filter_flag = String::Format("--%s%s=%s.%s",
676 GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
677 info->test_case_name(),
679 const String internal_flag = String::Format(
680 "--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%u|%Iu|%Iu",
682 kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
685 static_cast<unsigned int>(::GetCurrentProcessId()),
686 // size_t has the same with as pointers on both 32-bit and 64-bit
687 // Windows platforms.
688 // See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/tcxf1dw6.aspx.
689 reinterpret_cast<size_t>(write_handle),
690 reinterpret_cast<size_t>(event_handle_.Get()));
692 char executable_path[_MAX_PATH + 1]; // NOLINT
693 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(
694 _MAX_PATH + 1 != ::GetModuleFileNameA(NULL,
698 String command_line = String::Format("%s %s \"%s\"",
701 internal_flag.c_str());
703 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
706 // Flush the log buffers since the log streams are shared with the child.
709 // The child process will share the standard handles with the parent.
710 STARTUPINFOA startup_info;
711 memset(&startup_info, 0, sizeof(STARTUPINFO));
712 startup_info.dwFlags = STARTF_USESTDHANDLES;
713 startup_info.hStdInput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_INPUT_HANDLE);
714 startup_info.hStdOutput = ::GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE);
715 startup_info.hStdError = ::GetStdHandle(STD_ERROR_HANDLE);
717 PROCESS_INFORMATION process_info;
718 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(::CreateProcessA(
720 const_cast<char*>(command_line.c_str()),
721 NULL, // Retuned process handle is not inheritable.
722 NULL, // Retuned thread handle is not inheritable.
723 TRUE, // Child inherits all inheritable handles (for write_handle_).
724 0x0, // Default creation flags.
725 NULL, // Inherit the parent's environment.
726 UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir(),
728 &process_info) != FALSE);
729 child_handle_.Reset(process_info.hProcess);
730 ::CloseHandle(process_info.hThread);
734 # else // We are not on Windows.
736 // ForkingDeathTest provides implementations for most of the abstract
737 // methods of the DeathTest interface. Only the AssumeRole method is
739 class ForkingDeathTest : public DeathTestImpl {
741 ForkingDeathTest(const char* statement, const RE* regex);
743 // All of these virtual functions are inherited from DeathTest.
747 void set_child_pid(pid_t child_pid) { child_pid_ = child_pid; }
750 // PID of child process during death test; 0 in the child process itself.
754 // Constructs a ForkingDeathTest.
755 ForkingDeathTest::ForkingDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex)
756 : DeathTestImpl(a_statement, a_regex),
759 // Waits for the child in a death test to exit, returning its exit
760 // status, or 0 if no child process exists. As a side effect, sets the
761 // outcome data member.
762 int ForkingDeathTest::Wait() {
766 ReadAndInterpretStatusByte();
769 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(waitpid(child_pid_, &status_value, 0));
770 set_status(status_value);
774 // A concrete death test class that forks, then immediately runs the test
775 // in the child process.
776 class NoExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
778 NoExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex) :
779 ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex) { }
780 virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
783 // The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-run death test. It implements a
784 // straightforward fork, with a simple pipe to transmit the status byte.
785 DeathTest::TestRole NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
786 const size_t thread_count = GetThreadCount();
787 if (thread_count != 1) {
788 GTEST_LOG_(WARNING) << DeathTestThreadWarning(thread_count);
792 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
794 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
796 // When we fork the process below, the log file buffers are copied, but the
797 // file descriptors are shared. We flush all log files here so that closing
798 // the file descriptors in the child process doesn't throw off the
799 // synchronization between descriptors and buffers in the parent process.
800 // This is as close to the fork as possible to avoid a race condition in case
801 // there are multiple threads running before the death test, and another
802 // thread writes to the log file.
805 const pid_t child_pid = fork();
806 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
807 set_child_pid(child_pid);
808 if (child_pid == 0) {
809 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[0]));
810 set_write_fd(pipe_fd[1]);
811 // Redirects all logging to stderr in the child process to prevent
812 // concurrent writes to the log files. We capture stderr in the parent
813 // process and append the child process' output to a log.
815 // Event forwarding to the listeners of event listener API mush be shut
816 // down in death test subprocesses.
817 GetUnitTestImpl()->listeners()->SuppressEventForwarding();
820 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
821 set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
827 // A concrete death test class that forks and re-executes the main
828 // program from the beginning, with command-line flags set that cause
829 // only this specific death test to be run.
830 class ExecDeathTest : public ForkingDeathTest {
832 ExecDeathTest(const char* a_statement, const RE* a_regex,
833 const char* file, int line) :
834 ForkingDeathTest(a_statement, a_regex), file_(file), line_(line) { }
835 virtual TestRole AssumeRole();
837 // The name of the file in which the death test is located.
838 const char* const file_;
839 // The line number on which the death test is located.
843 // Utility class for accumulating command-line arguments.
847 args_.push_back(NULL);
851 for (std::vector<char*>::iterator i = args_.begin(); i != args_.end();
856 void AddArgument(const char* argument) {
857 args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(argument));
860 template <typename Str>
861 void AddArguments(const ::std::vector<Str>& arguments) {
862 for (typename ::std::vector<Str>::const_iterator i = arguments.begin();
863 i != arguments.end();
865 args_.insert(args_.end() - 1, posix::StrDup(i->c_str()));
868 char* const* Argv() {
872 std::vector<char*> args_;
875 // A struct that encompasses the arguments to the child process of a
876 // threadsafe-style death test process.
877 struct ExecDeathTestArgs {
878 char* const* argv; // Command-line arguments for the child's call to exec
879 int close_fd; // File descriptor to close; the read end of a pipe
883 inline char** GetEnviron() {
884 // When Google Test is built as a framework on MacOS X, the environ variable
885 // is unavailable. Apple's documentation (man environ) recommends using
886 // _NSGetEnviron() instead.
887 return *_NSGetEnviron();
890 // Some POSIX platforms expect you to declare environ. extern "C" makes
891 // it reside in the global namespace.
892 extern "C" char** environ;
893 inline char** GetEnviron() { return environ; }
894 # endif // GTEST_OS_MAC
896 // The main function for a threadsafe-style death test child process.
897 // This function is called in a clone()-ed process and thus must avoid
898 // any potentially unsafe operations like malloc or libc functions.
899 static int ExecDeathTestChildMain(void* child_arg) {
900 ExecDeathTestArgs* const args = static_cast<ExecDeathTestArgs*>(child_arg);
901 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(args->close_fd));
903 // We need to execute the test program in the same environment where
904 // it was originally invoked. Therefore we change to the original
905 // working directory first.
906 const char* const original_dir =
907 UnitTest::GetInstance()->original_working_dir();
908 // We can safely call chdir() as it's a direct system call.
909 if (chdir(original_dir) != 0) {
910 DeathTestAbort(String::Format("chdir(\"%s\") failed: %s",
912 GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str()));
916 // We can safely call execve() as it's a direct system call. We
917 // cannot use execvp() as it's a libc function and thus potentially
918 // unsafe. Since execve() doesn't search the PATH, the user must
919 // invoke the test program via a valid path that contains at least
920 // one path separator.
921 execve(args->argv[0], args->argv, GetEnviron());
922 DeathTestAbort(String::Format("execve(%s, ...) in %s failed: %s",
925 GetLastErrnoDescription().c_str()));
929 // Two utility routines that together determine the direction the stack
931 // This could be accomplished more elegantly by a single recursive
932 // function, but we want to guard against the unlikely possibility of
933 // a smart compiler optimizing the recursion away.
935 // GTEST_NO_INLINE_ is required to prevent GCC 4.6 from inlining
936 // StackLowerThanAddress into StackGrowsDown, which then doesn't give
938 bool StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr) GTEST_NO_INLINE_;
939 bool StackLowerThanAddress(const void* ptr) {
944 bool StackGrowsDown() {
946 return StackLowerThanAddress(&dummy);
949 // A threadsafe implementation of fork(2) for threadsafe-style death tests
950 // that uses clone(2). It dies with an error message if anything goes
952 static pid_t ExecDeathTestFork(char* const* argv, int close_fd) {
953 ExecDeathTestArgs args = { argv, close_fd };
954 pid_t child_pid = -1;
957 const bool use_fork = GTEST_FLAG(death_test_use_fork);
960 static const bool stack_grows_down = StackGrowsDown();
961 const size_t stack_size = getpagesize();
962 // MMAP_ANONYMOUS is not defined on Mac, so we use MAP_ANON instead.
963 void* const stack = mmap(NULL, stack_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
964 MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
965 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(stack != MAP_FAILED);
966 void* const stack_top =
967 static_cast<char*>(stack) + (stack_grows_down ? stack_size : 0);
969 child_pid = clone(&ExecDeathTestChildMain, stack_top, SIGCHLD, &args);
971 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(munmap(stack, stack_size) != -1);
974 const bool use_fork = true;
975 # endif // GTEST_HAS_CLONE
977 if (use_fork && (child_pid = fork()) == 0) {
978 ExecDeathTestChildMain(&args);
982 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(child_pid != -1);
986 // The AssumeRole process for a fork-and-exec death test. It re-executes the
987 // main program from the beginning, setting the --gtest_filter
988 // and --gtest_internal_run_death_test flags to cause only the current
989 // death test to be re-run.
990 DeathTest::TestRole ExecDeathTest::AssumeRole() {
991 const UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
992 const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
993 impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
994 const TestInfo* const info = impl->current_test_info();
995 const int death_test_index = info->result()->death_test_count();
998 set_write_fd(flag->write_fd());
1003 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(pipe(pipe_fd) != -1);
1004 // Clear the close-on-exec flag on the write end of the pipe, lest
1005 // it be closed when the child process does an exec:
1006 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_(fcntl(pipe_fd[1], F_SETFD, 0) != -1);
1008 const String filter_flag =
1009 String::Format("--%s%s=%s.%s",
1010 GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kFilterFlag,
1011 info->test_case_name(), info->name());
1012 const String internal_flag =
1013 String::Format("--%s%s=%s|%d|%d|%d",
1014 GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_, kInternalRunDeathTestFlag,
1015 file_, line_, death_test_index, pipe_fd[1]);
1017 args.AddArguments(GetArgvs());
1018 args.AddArgument(filter_flag.c_str());
1019 args.AddArgument(internal_flag.c_str());
1021 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message("");
1024 // See the comment in NoExecDeathTest::AssumeRole for why the next line
1028 const pid_t child_pid = ExecDeathTestFork(args.Argv(), pipe_fd[0]);
1029 GTEST_DEATH_TEST_CHECK_SYSCALL_(close(pipe_fd[1]));
1030 set_child_pid(child_pid);
1031 set_read_fd(pipe_fd[0]);
1033 return OVERSEE_TEST;
1036 # endif // !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1038 // Creates a concrete DeathTest-derived class that depends on the
1039 // --gtest_death_test_style flag, and sets the pointer pointed to
1040 // by the "test" argument to its address. If the test should be
1041 // skipped, sets that pointer to NULL. Returns true, unless the
1042 // flag is set to an invalid value.
1043 bool DefaultDeathTestFactory::Create(const char* statement, const RE* regex,
1044 const char* file, int line,
1046 UnitTestImpl* const impl = GetUnitTestImpl();
1047 const InternalRunDeathTestFlag* const flag =
1048 impl->internal_run_death_test_flag();
1049 const int death_test_index = impl->current_test_info()
1050 ->increment_death_test_count();
1053 if (death_test_index > flag->index()) {
1054 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(String::Format(
1055 "Death test count (%d) somehow exceeded expected maximum (%d)",
1056 death_test_index, flag->index()));
1060 if (!(flag->file() == file && flag->line() == line &&
1061 flag->index() == death_test_index)) {
1067 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1069 if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe" ||
1070 GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
1071 *test = new WindowsDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
1076 if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "threadsafe") {
1077 *test = new ExecDeathTest(statement, regex, file, line);
1078 } else if (GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style) == "fast") {
1079 *test = new NoExecDeathTest(statement, regex);
1082 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1084 else { // NOLINT - this is more readable than unbalanced brackets inside #if.
1085 DeathTest::set_last_death_test_message(String::Format(
1086 "Unknown death test style \"%s\" encountered",
1087 GTEST_FLAG(death_test_style).c_str()));
1094 // Splits a given string on a given delimiter, populating a given
1095 // vector with the fields. GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have
1096 // ::std::string, so we can use it here.
1097 static void SplitString(const ::std::string& str, char delimiter,
1098 ::std::vector< ::std::string>* dest) {
1099 ::std::vector< ::std::string> parsed;
1100 ::std::string::size_type pos = 0;
1101 while (::testing::internal::AlwaysTrue()) {
1102 const ::std::string::size_type colon = str.find(delimiter, pos);
1103 if (colon == ::std::string::npos) {
1104 parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos));
1107 parsed.push_back(str.substr(pos, colon - pos));
1114 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1115 // Recreates the pipe and event handles from the provided parameters,
1116 // signals the event, and returns a file descriptor wrapped around the pipe
1117 // handle. This function is called in the child process only.
1118 int GetStatusFileDescriptor(unsigned int parent_process_id,
1119 size_t write_handle_as_size_t,
1120 size_t event_handle_as_size_t) {
1121 AutoHandle parent_process_handle(::OpenProcess(PROCESS_DUP_HANDLE,
1122 FALSE, // Non-inheritable.
1123 parent_process_id));
1124 if (parent_process_handle.Get() == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
1125 DeathTestAbort(String::Format("Unable to open parent process %u",
1126 parent_process_id));
1129 // TODO(vladl@google.com): Replace the following check with a
1130 // compile-time assertion when available.
1131 GTEST_CHECK_(sizeof(HANDLE) <= sizeof(size_t));
1133 const HANDLE write_handle =
1134 reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(write_handle_as_size_t);
1135 HANDLE dup_write_handle;
1137 // The newly initialized handle is accessible only in in the parent
1138 // process. To obtain one accessible within the child, we need to use
1140 if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), write_handle,
1141 ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_write_handle,
1142 0x0, // Requested privileges ignored since
1143 // DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS is used.
1144 FALSE, // Request non-inheritable handler.
1145 DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
1146 DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
1147 "Unable to duplicate the pipe handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
1148 write_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id));
1151 const HANDLE event_handle = reinterpret_cast<HANDLE>(event_handle_as_size_t);
1152 HANDLE dup_event_handle;
1154 if (!::DuplicateHandle(parent_process_handle.Get(), event_handle,
1155 ::GetCurrentProcess(), &dup_event_handle,
1158 DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS)) {
1159 DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
1160 "Unable to duplicate the event handle %Iu from the parent process %u",
1161 event_handle_as_size_t, parent_process_id));
1164 const int write_fd =
1165 ::_open_osfhandle(reinterpret_cast<intptr_t>(dup_write_handle), O_APPEND);
1166 if (write_fd == -1) {
1167 DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
1168 "Unable to convert pipe handle %Iu to a file descriptor",
1169 write_handle_as_size_t));
1172 // Signals the parent that the write end of the pipe has been acquired
1173 // so the parent can release its own write end.
1174 ::SetEvent(dup_event_handle);
1178 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1180 // Returns a newly created InternalRunDeathTestFlag object with fields
1181 // initialized from the GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) flag if
1182 // the flag is specified; otherwise returns NULL.
1183 InternalRunDeathTestFlag* ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag() {
1184 if (GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test) == "") return NULL;
1186 // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST implies that we have ::std::string, so we
1190 ::std::vector< ::std::string> fields;
1191 SplitString(GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str(), '|', &fields);
1194 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1196 unsigned int parent_process_id = 0;
1197 size_t write_handle_as_size_t = 0;
1198 size_t event_handle_as_size_t = 0;
1200 if (fields.size() != 6
1201 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
1202 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
1203 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &parent_process_id)
1204 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[4], &write_handle_as_size_t)
1205 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[5], &event_handle_as_size_t)) {
1206 DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
1207 "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
1208 GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str()));
1210 write_fd = GetStatusFileDescriptor(parent_process_id,
1211 write_handle_as_size_t,
1212 event_handle_as_size_t);
1215 if (fields.size() != 4
1216 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[1], &line)
1217 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[2], &index)
1218 || !ParseNaturalNumber(fields[3], &write_fd)) {
1219 DeathTestAbort(String::Format(
1220 "Bad --gtest_internal_run_death_test flag: %s",
1221 GTEST_FLAG(internal_run_death_test).c_str()));
1224 # endif // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
1226 return new InternalRunDeathTestFlag(fields[0], line, index, write_fd);
1229 } // namespace internal
1231 #endif // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
1233 } // namespace testing