1 //===-- X86Disassembler.cpp - Disassembler for x86 and x86_64 -------------===//
3 // The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
5 // This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
6 // License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
8 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
10 // This file is part of the X86 Disassembler.
11 // It contains code to translate the data produced by the decoder into
13 // Documentation for the disassembler can be found in X86Disassembler.h.
15 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
17 #include "X86Disassembler.h"
18 #include "X86DisassemblerDecoder.h"
19 #include "llvm/MC/MCContext.h"
20 #include "llvm/MC/MCDisassembler.h"
21 #include "llvm/MC/MCExpr.h"
22 #include "llvm/MC/MCInst.h"
23 #include "llvm/MC/MCInstrInfo.h"
24 #include "llvm/MC/MCSubtargetInfo.h"
25 #include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
26 #include "llvm/Support/MemoryObject.h"
27 #include "llvm/Support/TargetRegistry.h"
28 #include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
30 #define GET_REGINFO_ENUM
31 #include "X86GenRegisterInfo.inc"
32 #define GET_INSTRINFO_ENUM
33 #include "X86GenInstrInfo.inc"
36 using namespace llvm::X86Disassembler;
38 void x86DisassemblerDebug(const char *file,
41 dbgs() << file << ":" << line << ": " << s;
44 const char *x86DisassemblerGetInstrName(unsigned Opcode, const void *mii) {
45 const MCInstrInfo *MII = static_cast<const MCInstrInfo *>(mii);
46 return MII->getName(Opcode);
49 #define debug(s) DEBUG(x86DisassemblerDebug(__FILE__, __LINE__, s));
53 // Fill-ins to make the compiler happy. These constants are never actually
54 // assigned; they are just filler to make an automatically-generated switch
67 extern Target TheX86_32Target, TheX86_64Target;
71 static bool translateInstruction(MCInst &target,
72 InternalInstruction &source,
73 const MCDisassembler *Dis);
75 X86GenericDisassembler::X86GenericDisassembler(const MCSubtargetInfo &STI,
76 DisassemblerMode mode,
77 const MCInstrInfo *MII)
78 : MCDisassembler(STI), MII(MII), fMode(mode) {}
80 X86GenericDisassembler::~X86GenericDisassembler() {
84 /// regionReader - a callback function that wraps the readByte method from
87 /// @param arg - The generic callback parameter. In this case, this should
88 /// be a pointer to a MemoryObject.
89 /// @param byte - A pointer to the byte to be read.
90 /// @param address - The address to be read.
91 static int regionReader(const void* arg, uint8_t* byte, uint64_t address) {
92 const MemoryObject* region = static_cast<const MemoryObject*>(arg);
93 return region->readByte(address, byte);
96 /// logger - a callback function that wraps the operator<< method from
99 /// @param arg - The generic callback parameter. This should be a pointe
100 /// to a raw_ostream.
101 /// @param log - A string to be logged. logger() adds a newline.
102 static void logger(void* arg, const char* log) {
106 raw_ostream &vStream = *(static_cast<raw_ostream*>(arg));
107 vStream << log << "\n";
111 // Public interface for the disassembler
114 MCDisassembler::DecodeStatus
115 X86GenericDisassembler::getInstruction(MCInst &instr,
117 const MemoryObject ®ion,
119 raw_ostream &vStream,
120 raw_ostream &cStream) const {
121 CommentStream = &cStream;
123 InternalInstruction internalInstr;
125 dlog_t loggerFn = logger;
126 if (&vStream == &nulls())
127 loggerFn = 0; // Disable logging completely if it's going to nulls().
129 int ret = decodeInstruction(&internalInstr,
131 (const void*)®ion,
139 size = internalInstr.readerCursor - address;
143 size = internalInstr.length;
144 return (!translateInstruction(instr, internalInstr, this)) ?
150 // Private code that translates from struct InternalInstructions to MCInsts.
153 /// translateRegister - Translates an internal register to the appropriate LLVM
154 /// register, and appends it as an operand to an MCInst.
156 /// @param mcInst - The MCInst to append to.
157 /// @param reg - The Reg to append.
158 static void translateRegister(MCInst &mcInst, Reg reg) {
159 #define ENTRY(x) X86::x,
160 uint8_t llvmRegnums[] = {
166 uint8_t llvmRegnum = llvmRegnums[reg];
167 mcInst.addOperand(MCOperand::CreateReg(llvmRegnum));
170 /// tryAddingSymbolicOperand - trys to add a symbolic operand in place of the
171 /// immediate Value in the MCInst.
173 /// @param Value - The immediate Value, has had any PC adjustment made by
175 /// @param isBranch - If the instruction is a branch instruction
176 /// @param Address - The starting address of the instruction
177 /// @param Offset - The byte offset to this immediate in the instruction
178 /// @param Width - The byte width of this immediate in the instruction
180 /// If the getOpInfo() function was set when setupForSymbolicDisassembly() was
181 /// called then that function is called to get any symbolic information for the
182 /// immediate in the instruction using the Address, Offset and Width. If that
183 /// returns non-zero then the symbolic information it returns is used to create
184 /// an MCExpr and that is added as an operand to the MCInst. If getOpInfo()
185 /// returns zero and isBranch is true then a symbol look up for immediate Value
186 /// is done and if a symbol is found an MCExpr is created with that, else
187 /// an MCExpr with the immediate Value is created. This function returns true
188 /// if it adds an operand to the MCInst and false otherwise.
189 static bool tryAddingSymbolicOperand(int64_t Value, bool isBranch,
190 uint64_t Address, uint64_t Offset,
191 uint64_t Width, MCInst &MI,
192 const MCDisassembler *Dis) {
193 return Dis->tryAddingSymbolicOperand(MI, Value, Address, isBranch,
197 /// tryAddingPcLoadReferenceComment - trys to add a comment as to what is being
198 /// referenced by a load instruction with the base register that is the rip.
199 /// These can often be addresses in a literal pool. The Address of the
200 /// instruction and its immediate Value are used to determine the address
201 /// being referenced in the literal pool entry. The SymbolLookUp call back will
202 /// return a pointer to a literal 'C' string if the referenced address is an
203 /// address into a section with 'C' string literals.
204 static void tryAddingPcLoadReferenceComment(uint64_t Address, uint64_t Value,
205 const void *Decoder) {
206 const MCDisassembler *Dis = static_cast<const MCDisassembler*>(Decoder);
207 Dis->tryAddingPcLoadReferenceComment(Value, Address);
210 /// translateImmediate - Appends an immediate operand to an MCInst.
212 /// @param mcInst - The MCInst to append to.
213 /// @param immediate - The immediate value to append.
214 /// @param operand - The operand, as stored in the descriptor table.
215 /// @param insn - The internal instruction.
216 static void translateImmediate(MCInst &mcInst, uint64_t immediate,
217 const OperandSpecifier &operand,
218 InternalInstruction &insn,
219 const MCDisassembler *Dis) {
220 // Sign-extend the immediate if necessary.
222 OperandType type = (OperandType)operand.type;
224 bool isBranch = false;
226 if (type == TYPE_RELv) {
228 pcrel = insn.startLocation +
229 insn.immediateOffset + insn.immediateSize;
230 switch (insn.displacementSize) {
247 // By default sign-extend all X86 immediates based on their encoding.
248 else if (type == TYPE_IMM8 || type == TYPE_IMM16 || type == TYPE_IMM32 ||
249 type == TYPE_IMM64) {
250 uint32_t Opcode = mcInst.getOpcode();
251 switch (operand.encoding) {
255 // Special case those X86 instructions that use the imm8 as a set of
256 // bits, bit count, etc. and are not sign-extend.
257 if (Opcode != X86::BLENDPSrri && Opcode != X86::BLENDPDrri &&
258 Opcode != X86::PBLENDWrri && Opcode != X86::MPSADBWrri &&
259 Opcode != X86::DPPSrri && Opcode != X86::DPPDrri &&
260 Opcode != X86::INSERTPSrr && Opcode != X86::VBLENDPSYrri &&
261 Opcode != X86::VBLENDPSYrmi && Opcode != X86::VBLENDPDYrri &&
262 Opcode != X86::VBLENDPDYrmi && Opcode != X86::VPBLENDWrri &&
263 Opcode != X86::VMPSADBWrri && Opcode != X86::VDPPSYrri &&
264 Opcode != X86::VDPPSYrmi && Opcode != X86::VDPPDrri &&
265 Opcode != X86::VINSERTPSrr)
284 mcInst.addOperand(MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::XMM0 + (immediate >> 4)));
287 mcInst.addOperand(MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::YMM0 + (immediate >> 4)));
290 mcInst.addOperand(MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::ZMM0 + (immediate >> 4)));
294 pcrel = insn.startLocation + insn.immediateOffset + insn.immediateSize;
295 // fall through to sign extend the immediate if needed.
298 immediate |= ~(0xffull);
301 if(immediate & 0x8000)
302 immediate |= ~(0xffffull);
307 pcrel = insn.startLocation + insn.immediateOffset + insn.immediateSize;
308 // fall through to sign extend the immediate if needed.
310 if(immediate & 0x80000000)
311 immediate |= ~(0xffffffffull);
315 // operand is 64 bits wide. Do nothing.
319 if(!tryAddingSymbolicOperand(immediate + pcrel, isBranch, insn.startLocation,
320 insn.immediateOffset, insn.immediateSize,
322 mcInst.addOperand(MCOperand::CreateImm(immediate));
325 /// translateRMRegister - Translates a register stored in the R/M field of the
326 /// ModR/M byte to its LLVM equivalent and appends it to an MCInst.
327 /// @param mcInst - The MCInst to append to.
328 /// @param insn - The internal instruction to extract the R/M field
330 /// @return - 0 on success; -1 otherwise
331 static bool translateRMRegister(MCInst &mcInst,
332 InternalInstruction &insn) {
333 if (insn.eaBase == EA_BASE_sib || insn.eaBase == EA_BASE_sib64) {
334 debug("A R/M register operand may not have a SIB byte");
338 switch (insn.eaBase) {
340 debug("Unexpected EA base register");
343 debug("EA_BASE_NONE for ModR/M base");
345 #define ENTRY(x) case EA_BASE_##x:
348 debug("A R/M register operand may not have a base; "
349 "the operand must be a register.");
353 mcInst.addOperand(MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::x)); break;
361 /// translateRMMemory - Translates a memory operand stored in the Mod and R/M
362 /// fields of an internal instruction (and possibly its SIB byte) to a memory
363 /// operand in LLVM's format, and appends it to an MCInst.
365 /// @param mcInst - The MCInst to append to.
366 /// @param insn - The instruction to extract Mod, R/M, and SIB fields
368 /// @return - 0 on success; nonzero otherwise
369 static bool translateRMMemory(MCInst &mcInst, InternalInstruction &insn,
370 const MCDisassembler *Dis) {
371 // Addresses in an MCInst are represented as five operands:
372 // 1. basereg (register) The R/M base, or (if there is a SIB) the
374 // 2. scaleamount (immediate) 1, or (if there is a SIB) the specified
376 // 3. indexreg (register) x86_registerNONE, or (if there is a SIB)
377 // the index (which is multiplied by the
379 // 4. displacement (immediate) 0, or the displacement if there is one
380 // 5. segmentreg (register) x86_registerNONE for now, but could be set
381 // if we have segment overrides
384 MCOperand scaleAmount;
386 MCOperand displacement;
387 MCOperand segmentReg;
390 if (insn.eaBase == EA_BASE_sib || insn.eaBase == EA_BASE_sib64) {
391 if (insn.sibBase != SIB_BASE_NONE) {
392 switch (insn.sibBase) {
394 debug("Unexpected sibBase");
398 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::x); break;
403 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(0);
406 // Check whether we are handling VSIB addressing mode for GATHER.
407 // If sibIndex was set to SIB_INDEX_NONE, index offset is 4 and
408 // we should use SIB_INDEX_XMM4|YMM4 for VSIB.
409 // I don't see a way to get the correct IndexReg in readSIB:
410 // We can tell whether it is VSIB or SIB after instruction ID is decoded,
411 // but instruction ID may not be decoded yet when calling readSIB.
412 uint32_t Opcode = mcInst.getOpcode();
413 bool IndexIs128 = (Opcode == X86::VGATHERDPDrm ||
414 Opcode == X86::VGATHERDPDYrm ||
415 Opcode == X86::VGATHERQPDrm ||
416 Opcode == X86::VGATHERDPSrm ||
417 Opcode == X86::VGATHERQPSrm ||
418 Opcode == X86::VPGATHERDQrm ||
419 Opcode == X86::VPGATHERDQYrm ||
420 Opcode == X86::VPGATHERQQrm ||
421 Opcode == X86::VPGATHERDDrm ||
422 Opcode == X86::VPGATHERQDrm);
423 bool IndexIs256 = (Opcode == X86::VGATHERQPDYrm ||
424 Opcode == X86::VGATHERDPSYrm ||
425 Opcode == X86::VGATHERQPSYrm ||
426 Opcode == X86::VPGATHERQQYrm ||
427 Opcode == X86::VPGATHERDDYrm ||
428 Opcode == X86::VPGATHERQDYrm);
429 if (IndexIs128 || IndexIs256) {
430 unsigned IndexOffset = insn.sibIndex -
431 (insn.addressSize == 8 ? SIB_INDEX_RAX:SIB_INDEX_EAX);
432 SIBIndex IndexBase = IndexIs256 ? SIB_INDEX_YMM0 : SIB_INDEX_XMM0;
433 insn.sibIndex = (SIBIndex)(IndexBase +
434 (insn.sibIndex == SIB_INDEX_NONE ? 4 : IndexOffset));
437 if (insn.sibIndex != SIB_INDEX_NONE) {
438 switch (insn.sibIndex) {
440 debug("Unexpected sibIndex");
443 case SIB_INDEX_##x: \
444 indexReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::x); break;
453 indexReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(0);
456 scaleAmount = MCOperand::CreateImm(insn.sibScale);
458 switch (insn.eaBase) {
460 if (insn.eaDisplacement == EA_DISP_NONE) {
461 debug("EA_BASE_NONE and EA_DISP_NONE for ModR/M base");
464 if (insn.mode == MODE_64BIT){
465 pcrel = insn.startLocation +
466 insn.displacementOffset + insn.displacementSize;
467 tryAddingPcLoadReferenceComment(insn.startLocation +
468 insn.displacementOffset,
469 insn.displacement + pcrel, Dis);
470 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::RIP); // Section 2.2.1.6
473 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(0);
475 indexReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(0);
478 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::BX);
479 indexReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::SI);
482 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::BX);
483 indexReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::DI);
486 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::BP);
487 indexReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::SI);
490 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::BP);
491 indexReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::DI);
494 indexReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(0);
495 switch (insn.eaBase) {
497 debug("Unexpected eaBase");
499 // Here, we will use the fill-ins defined above. However,
500 // BX_SI, BX_DI, BP_SI, and BP_DI are all handled above and
501 // sib and sib64 were handled in the top-level if, so they're only
502 // placeholders to keep the compiler happy.
505 baseReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::x); break;
508 #define ENTRY(x) case EA_REG_##x:
511 debug("A R/M memory operand may not be a register; "
512 "the base field must be a base.");
517 scaleAmount = MCOperand::CreateImm(1);
520 displacement = MCOperand::CreateImm(insn.displacement);
522 static const uint8_t segmentRegnums[SEG_OVERRIDE_max] = {
523 0, // SEG_OVERRIDE_NONE
532 segmentReg = MCOperand::CreateReg(segmentRegnums[insn.segmentOverride]);
534 mcInst.addOperand(baseReg);
535 mcInst.addOperand(scaleAmount);
536 mcInst.addOperand(indexReg);
537 if(!tryAddingSymbolicOperand(insn.displacement + pcrel, false,
538 insn.startLocation, insn.displacementOffset,
539 insn.displacementSize, mcInst, Dis))
540 mcInst.addOperand(displacement);
541 mcInst.addOperand(segmentReg);
545 /// translateRM - Translates an operand stored in the R/M (and possibly SIB)
546 /// byte of an instruction to LLVM form, and appends it to an MCInst.
548 /// @param mcInst - The MCInst to append to.
549 /// @param operand - The operand, as stored in the descriptor table.
550 /// @param insn - The instruction to extract Mod, R/M, and SIB fields
552 /// @return - 0 on success; nonzero otherwise
553 static bool translateRM(MCInst &mcInst, const OperandSpecifier &operand,
554 InternalInstruction &insn, const MCDisassembler *Dis) {
555 switch (operand.type) {
557 debug("Unexpected type for a R/M operand");
574 case TYPE_CONTROLREG:
575 return translateRMRegister(mcInst, insn);
595 return translateRMMemory(mcInst, insn, Dis);
599 /// translateFPRegister - Translates a stack position on the FPU stack to its
600 /// LLVM form, and appends it to an MCInst.
602 /// @param mcInst - The MCInst to append to.
603 /// @param stackPos - The stack position to translate.
604 /// @return - 0 on success; nonzero otherwise.
605 static bool translateFPRegister(MCInst &mcInst,
608 debug("Invalid FP stack position");
612 mcInst.addOperand(MCOperand::CreateReg(X86::ST0 + stackPos));
617 /// translateOperand - Translates an operand stored in an internal instruction
618 /// to LLVM's format and appends it to an MCInst.
620 /// @param mcInst - The MCInst to append to.
621 /// @param operand - The operand, as stored in the descriptor table.
622 /// @param insn - The internal instruction.
623 /// @return - false on success; true otherwise.
624 static bool translateOperand(MCInst &mcInst, const OperandSpecifier &operand,
625 InternalInstruction &insn,
626 const MCDisassembler *Dis) {
627 switch (operand.encoding) {
629 debug("Unhandled operand encoding during translation");
632 translateRegister(mcInst, insn.reg);
635 return translateRM(mcInst, operand, insn, Dis);
642 debug("Translation of code offsets isn't supported.");
650 translateImmediate(mcInst,
651 insn.immediates[insn.numImmediatesTranslated++],
660 translateRegister(mcInst, insn.opcodeRegister);
663 return translateFPRegister(mcInst, insn.opcodeModifier);
665 translateRegister(mcInst, insn.opcodeRegister);
668 translateRegister(mcInst, insn.vvvv);
671 return translateOperand(mcInst, insn.operands[operand.type - TYPE_DUP0],
676 /// translateInstruction - Translates an internal instruction and all its
677 /// operands to an MCInst.
679 /// @param mcInst - The MCInst to populate with the instruction's data.
680 /// @param insn - The internal instruction.
681 /// @return - false on success; true otherwise.
682 static bool translateInstruction(MCInst &mcInst,
683 InternalInstruction &insn,
684 const MCDisassembler *Dis) {
686 debug("Instruction has no specification");
690 mcInst.setOpcode(insn.instructionID);
691 // If when reading the prefix bytes we determined the overlapping 0xf2 or 0xf3
692 // prefix bytes should be disassembled as xrelease and xacquire then set the
693 // opcode to those instead of the rep and repne opcodes.
694 if (insn.xAcquireRelease) {
695 if(mcInst.getOpcode() == X86::REP_PREFIX)
696 mcInst.setOpcode(X86::XRELEASE_PREFIX);
697 else if(mcInst.getOpcode() == X86::REPNE_PREFIX)
698 mcInst.setOpcode(X86::XACQUIRE_PREFIX);
703 insn.numImmediatesTranslated = 0;
705 for (index = 0; index < X86_MAX_OPERANDS; ++index) {
706 if (insn.operands[index].encoding != ENCODING_NONE) {
707 if (translateOperand(mcInst, insn.operands[index], insn, Dis)) {
716 static MCDisassembler *createX86_32Disassembler(const Target &T,
717 const MCSubtargetInfo &STI) {
718 return new X86Disassembler::X86GenericDisassembler(STI, MODE_32BIT,
719 T.createMCInstrInfo());
722 static MCDisassembler *createX86_64Disassembler(const Target &T,
723 const MCSubtargetInfo &STI) {
724 return new X86Disassembler::X86GenericDisassembler(STI, MODE_64BIT,
725 T.createMCInstrInfo());
728 extern "C" void LLVMInitializeX86Disassembler() {
729 // Register the disassembler.
730 TargetRegistry::RegisterMCDisassembler(TheX86_32Target,
731 createX86_32Disassembler);
732 TargetRegistry::RegisterMCDisassembler(TheX86_64Target,
733 createX86_64Disassembler);