Adding more execution parameters for experimental results (evaluation).
[pingpong.git] / Code / Projects / SmartPlugDetector / src / main / java / edu / uci / iotproject / Main.java
index c66d94ec17110138dfecc5348f46bbab64878bdc..55e57574ef956d38c2f937afe0bd64d44b72a087 100644 (file)
 package edu.uci.iotproject;
 
+import static edu.uci.iotproject.analysis.UserAction.Type;
+
+import edu.uci.iotproject.analysis.*;
+import edu.uci.iotproject.comparison.seqalignment.ExtractedSequence;
+import edu.uci.iotproject.comparison.seqalignment.SequenceAlignment;
+import edu.uci.iotproject.comparison.seqalignment.SequenceExtraction;
+import edu.uci.iotproject.io.TriggerTimesFileReader;
+import edu.uci.iotproject.util.PcapPacketUtils;
+import edu.uci.iotproject.util.PrintUtils;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.stat.clustering.Cluster;
+import org.apache.commons.math3.stat.clustering.DBSCANClusterer;
+import org.pcap4j.core.*;
+import org.pcap4j.packet.namednumber.DataLinkType;
+
+import java.io.EOFException;
+import java.io.File;
+import java.io.PrintWriter;
+import java.net.UnknownHostException;
+import java.time.Instant;
+import java.util.*;
+import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+import java.util.stream.Stream;
+
 /**
- * Entry point of the application.
+ * This is a system that reads PCAP files to compare
+ * patterns of DNS hostnames, packet sequences, and packet
+ * lengths with training data to determine certain events
+ * or actions for smart home devices.
  *
  * @author Janus Varmarken
+ * @author Rahmadi Trimananda (rtrimana@uci.edu)
+ * @version 0.1
  */
 public class Main {
 
-    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-        System.out.println("it works");
-        String file = "/home/rtrimana/pcap_processing/smart_home_traffic/Code/Projects/SmartPlugDetector/pcap/wlan1.local.dns.pcap";
-        
+
+    public static void main(String[] args) throws PcapNativeException, NotOpenException, EOFException, TimeoutException, UnknownHostException {
+        // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+        // ------------ # Code for extracting traffic generated by a device within x seconds of a trigger # ------------
+        // Paths to input and output files (consider supplying these as arguments instead) and IP of the device for
+        // which traffic is to be extracted:
+        String path = "/scratch/July-2018"; // Rahmadi
+//        String path = "/Users/varmarken/temp/UCI IoT Project/experiments"; // Janus
+        boolean verbose = true;
+        final String onPairsPath = "/scratch/July-2018/on.txt";
+        final String offPairsPath = "/scratch/July-2018/off.txt";
+
+        // 1) D-Link July 26 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/dlink.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/dlink-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-07/dlink/dlink-july-26-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.199"; // .246 == phone; .199 == dlink plug?
+          // Actual training
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/dlink-plug/dlink-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/dlink-plug/dlink-plug-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-10/dlink-plug/dlink-plug-oct-17-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.199"; // .246 == phone; .199 == dlink plug?
+        // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 7, 2018
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/wlan1/dlink-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/wlan1/dlink-plug-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-plug/timestamps/dlink-plug-nov-7-2018.timestamps";
+//        //final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.199"; // .246 == phone; .199 == dlink plug?
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .199 == dlink plug?
+
+        // 2) TP-Link July 25 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/tplink/tplink.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/tplink/tplink-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-07/tplink/tplink-july-25-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.159";
+          // Actual training
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/tplink-plug/tplink-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/tplink-plug/tplink-plug-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-10/tplink-plug/tplink-plug-oct-17-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .159 == tplink plug
+        // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 8, 2018
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/wlan1/tplink-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/wlan1/tplink-plug-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/tplink-plug/timestamps/tplink-plug-nov-8-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.159"; // .246 == phone; .159 == tplink plug
+////        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .159 == tplink plug
+
+        // 2b) TP-Link July 25 experiment TRUNCATED:
+        // Only contains "true local" events, i.e., before the behavior changes to remote-like behavior.
+        // Last included event is at July 25 10:38:11; file filtered to only include packets with arrival time <= 10:38:27.
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/tplink/tplink.wlan1.local.truncated.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/tplink/tplink-processed.truncated.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-07/tplink/tplink-july-25-2018.truncated.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.159";
+
+        // 3) SmartThings Plug July 25 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/stplug/stplug.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/stplug/stplug-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-07/stplug/smartthings-july-25-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .142 == SmartThings Hub (note: use eth0 capture for this!)
+        // October 18
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/st-plug/st-plug.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/st-plug/st-plug-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-10/st-plug/st-plug-oct-18-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .142 == SmartThings Hub (note: use eth0 capture for this!)
+
+        // 4) Wemo July 30 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/wemo/wemo.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/wemo/wemo-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-07/wemo/wemo-july-30-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.145";  // .246 == phone; .145 == WeMo
+
+        // 5) Wemo Insight July 31 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/wemoinsight/wemoinsight.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-07/wemoinsight/wemoinsight-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-07/wemoinsight/wemo-insight-july-31-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.135";
+
+        // 6) TP-Link Bulb August 1 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/tplink-bulb/tplinkbulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/tplink-bulb/tplinkbulb-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/tplink-bulb/tplink-bulb-aug-3-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .140 == TP-Link bulb
+
+        // 7) Kwikset Doorlock August 6 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock.data.wlan1.pcap";
+////        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock-processed.pcap";
+////        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock-aug-6-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock-8hr-data-oct-11-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .142 == SmartThings Hub (note: use eth0 capture for this!)
+        // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 10, 2018
+        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/wlan1/kwikset-doorlock.wlan1.local.pcap";
+        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/wlan1/kwikset-doorlock-processed.pcap";
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/eth1/kwikset-doorlock.eth1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/eth1/kwikset-doorlock-processed.pcap";
+        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/kwikset-doorlock/timestamps/kwikset-doorlock-nov-10-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.183"; // .246 == phone; .142 == SmartThings Hub (note: use eth0 capture for this!)
+        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .142 == SmartThings Hub (note: use eth0 capture for this!)
+
+        // September 12, 2018 - includes both wlan1 and eth1 interfaces
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset3.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset3.eth1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset3-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/kwikset-doorlock/kwikset-doorlock-sept-12-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .142 == SmartThings Hub (note: use eth0 capture for this!)
+
+        // 8) Hue Bulb August 7 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/hue-bulb/hue-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/hue-bulb/hue-bulb-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/hue-bulb/hue-bulb-aug-7-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246";
+        // October 30 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/hue-bulb/hue-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/hue-bulb/hue-bulb-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-10/hue-bulb/hue-bulb-oct-30-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .100 == Hue hub
+
+        // 9) Lifx Bulb August 8 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb-aug-8-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .231 == Lifx
+        // October 18
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-10/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb-oct-18-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.231"; // .246 == phone; .231 == Lifx
+        // November 1
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-10/lifx-bulb/lifx-bulb-nov-1-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.231"; // .246 == phone; .231 == Lifx
+
+        // 10) Amcrest Camera August 9 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/amcrest-camera/amcrest-camera.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/amcrest-camera/amcrest-camera-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/amcrest-camera/amcrest-camera-aug-9-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .235 == camera
+
+        // 11) Arlo Camera August 10 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/arlo-camera/arlo-camera.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/arlo-camera/arlo-camera-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/arlo-camera/arlo-camera-aug-10-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .140 == camera
+
+        // 12) Blossom sprinkler August 13 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/blossom/blossom.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/blossom/blossom-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/blossom/blossom-aug-13-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.229"; // .246 == phone; .229 == sprinkler
+        // 2 November
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/blossom-sprinkler/blossom-sprinkler.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-10/blossom-sprinkler/blossom-sprinkler-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-10/blossom-sprinkler/blossom-sprinkler-nov-2-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.229"; // .246 == phone; .229 == sprinkler
+
+//        // 13) DLink siren August 14 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/dlink-siren.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        //final String inputPcapFile = path + "/evaluation/dlink-siren/dlink-siren.data.wlan1.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/dlink-siren-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/dlink-siren-oct-12-2018.timestamps";
+//        //final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/dlink-siren/dlink-siren-aug-14-2018.timestamps";
+//        //final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/actual/timestamps/dlink-siren-8hr-data-oct-10-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .183 == siren
+        // TODO: EXPERIMENT - November 9, 2018
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/wlan1/dlink-siren.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/wlan1/dlink-siren-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/experimental_result/standalone/dlink-siren/timestamps/dlink-siren-nov-9-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.183"; // .246 == phone; .183 == siren
+////        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .183 == siren
+
+        // 14) Nest thermostat August 15 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/nest/nest.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/nest/nest-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/nest/nest-aug-15-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.246"; // .246 == phone; .127 == Nest thermostat
+
+        // 15) Alexa August 16 experiment
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/alexa/alexa.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/alexa/alexa-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/alexa/alexa-aug-16-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.225"; // .246 == phone; .225 == Alexa
+        // August 17
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/alexa/alexa2.wlan1.local.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/alexa/alexa2-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/alexa/alexa-aug-17-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.225"; // .246 == phone; .225 == Alexa
+
+        // September 17
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/noise.eth1.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/noise-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/noise-sept-17-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.142"; //  .142 == SmartThings Hub; .199 == dlink plug; .183 == siren
+        // September 26 - D-Link noise
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/noise.dlink.wlan1.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/noise-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/dlink-noise-sept-26-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.183"; //  .199 == dlink plug; .183 == siren
+        // September 27 - Kwikset noise
+//        final String inputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/noise.kwikset.eth1.pcap";
+//        final String outputPcapFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/noise-processed.pcap";
+//        final String triggerTimesFile = path + "/2018-08/noise/kwikset-doorlock-noise-sept-27-2018.timestamps";
+//        final String deviceIp = "192.168.1.142"; //  .142 == SmartThings Hub;
+
+        TriggerTimesFileReader ttfr = new TriggerTimesFileReader();
+        List<Instant> triggerTimes = ttfr.readTriggerTimes(triggerTimesFile, false);
+        // Tag each trigger with "ON" or "OFF", assuming that the first trigger is an "ON" and that they alternate.
+        List<UserAction> userActions = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (int i = 0; i < triggerTimes.size(); i++) {
+            userActions.add(new UserAction(i % 2 == 0 ? Type.TOGGLE_ON : Type.TOGGLE_OFF, triggerTimes.get(i)));
+        }
+        TriggerTrafficExtractor tte = new TriggerTrafficExtractor(inputPcapFile, triggerTimes, deviceIp);
+        final PcapDumper outputter = Pcaps.openDead(DataLinkType.EN10MB, 65536).dumpOpen(outputPcapFile);
+        DnsMap dnsMap = new DnsMap();
+        TcpReassembler tcpReassembler = new TcpReassembler();
+        TrafficLabeler trafficLabeler = new TrafficLabeler(userActions);
+        tte.performExtraction(pkt -> {
+            try {
+                outputter.dump(pkt);
+            } catch (NotOpenException e) {
+                e.printStackTrace();
+            }
+        }, dnsMap, tcpReassembler, trafficLabeler);
+        outputter.flush();
+        outputter.close();
+
+        if (tte.getPacketsIncludedCount() != trafficLabeler.getTotalPacketCount()) {
+            // Sanity/debug check
+            throw new AssertionError(String.format("mismatch between packet count in %s and %s",
+                    TriggerTrafficExtractor.class.getSimpleName(), TrafficLabeler.class.getSimpleName()));
+        }
+
+        // Extract all conversations present in the filtered trace.
+        List<Conversation> allConversations = tcpReassembler.getTcpConversations();
+        // Group conversations by hostname.
+        Map<String, List<Conversation>> convsByHostname = TcpConversationUtils.groupConversationsByHostname(allConversations, dnsMap);
+        System.out.println("Grouped conversations by hostname.");
+        // For each hostname, count the frequencies of packet lengths exchanged with that hostname.
+        final Map<String, Map<Integer, Integer>> pktLenFreqsByHostname = new HashMap<>();
+        convsByHostname.forEach((host, convs) -> pktLenFreqsByHostname.put(host, TcpConversationUtils.countPacketLengthFrequencies(convs)));
+        System.out.println("Counted frequencies of packet lengths exchanged with each hostname.");
+        // For each hostname, count the frequencies of packet sequences (i.e., count how many conversations exchange a
+        // sequence of packets of some specific lengths).
+        final Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> pktSeqFreqsByHostname = new HashMap<>();
+        convsByHostname.forEach((host, convs) -> pktSeqFreqsByHostname.put(host, TcpConversationUtils.countPacketSequenceFrequencies(convs)));
+        System.out.println("Counted frequencies of packet sequences exchanged with each hostname.");
+        // For each hostname, count frequencies of packet pairs exchanged with that hostname across all conversations
+        final Map<String, Map<String, Integer>> pktPairFreqsByHostname =
+                TcpConversationUtils.countPacketPairFrequenciesByHostname(allConversations, dnsMap);
+        System.out.println("Counted frequencies of packet pairs per hostname");
+        // For each user action, reassemble the set of TCP connections occurring shortly after
+        final Map<UserAction, List<Conversation>> userActionToConversations = trafficLabeler.getLabeledReassembledTcpTraffic();
+        final Map<UserAction, Map<String, List<Conversation>>> userActionsToConvsByHostname = trafficLabeler.getLabeledReassembledTcpTraffic(dnsMap);
+        System.out.println("Reassembled TCP conversations occurring shortly after each user event");
+
+
+
+        /*
+         * NOTE: no need to generate these more complex on/off maps that also contain mappings from hostname and
+         * sequence identifiers as we do not care about hostnames and sequences during clustering.
+         * We can simply use the UserAction->List<Conversation> map to generate ON/OFF groupings of conversations.
+         */
+        /*
+        // Contains all ON events: hostname -> sequence identifier -> list of conversations with that sequence
+        Map<String, Map<String, List<Conversation>>> ons = new HashMap<>();
+        // Contains all OFF events: hostname -> sequence identifier -> list of conversations with that sequence
+        Map<String, Map<String, List<Conversation>>> offs = new HashMap<>();
+        userActionsToConvsByHostname.forEach((ua, hostnameToConvs) -> {
+            Map<String, Map<String, List<Conversation>>> outer = ua.getType() == Type.TOGGLE_ON ? ons : offs;
+            hostnameToConvs.forEach((host, convs) -> {
+                Map<String, List<Conversation>> seqsToConvs = TcpConversationUtils.
+                        groupConversationsByPacketSequence(convs, verbose);
+                outer.merge(host, seqsToConvs, (oldMap, newMap) -> {
+                    newMap.forEach((sequence, cs) -> oldMap.merge(sequence, cs, (list1, list2) -> {
+                        list1.addAll(list2);
+                        return list1;
+                    }));
+                    return oldMap;
+                });
+            });
+        });
+        */
+
+        // ================================================ CLUSTERING ================================================
+        // Note: no need to use the more convoluted on/off maps; can simply use the UserAction->List<Conversation> map
+        // when don't care about hostnames and sequences (see comment earlier).
+        List<Conversation> onConversations = userActionToConversations.entrySet().stream().
+                filter(e -> e.getKey().getType() == Type.TOGGLE_ON). // drop all OFF events from stream
+                map(e -> e.getValue()). // no longer interested in the UserActions
+                flatMap(List::stream). // flatten List<List<T>> to a List<T>
+                collect(Collectors.toList());
+        List<Conversation> offConversations = userActionToConversations.entrySet().stream().
+                filter(e -> e.getKey().getType() == Type.TOGGLE_OFF).
+                map(e -> e.getValue()).
+                flatMap(List::stream).
+                collect(Collectors.toList());
+        //Collections.sort(onConversations, (c1, c2) -> c1.getPackets().)
+
+        List<PcapPacketPair> onPairs = onConversations.stream().
+                map(c -> c.isTls() ? TcpConversationUtils.extractTlsAppDataPacketPairs(c) :
+                        TcpConversationUtils.extractPacketPairs(c)).
+                flatMap(List::stream). // flatten List<List<>> to List<>
+                collect(Collectors.toList());
+        List<PcapPacketPair> offPairs = offConversations.stream().
+                map(c -> c.isTls() ? TcpConversationUtils.extractTlsAppDataPacketPairs(c) :
+                        TcpConversationUtils.extractPacketPairs(c)).
+                flatMap(List::stream). // flatten List<List<>> to List<>
+                collect(Collectors.toList());
+        // Note: need to update the DnsMap of all PcapPacketPairs if we want to use the IP/hostname-sensitive distance.
+        Stream.concat(Stream.of(onPairs), Stream.of(offPairs)).flatMap(List::stream).forEach(p -> p.setDnsMap(dnsMap));
+        // Perform clustering on conversation logged as part of all ON events.
+        DBSCANClusterer<PcapPacketPair> onClusterer = new DBSCANClusterer<>(10.0, 45);
+        List<Cluster<PcapPacketPair>> onClusters = onClusterer.cluster(onPairs);
+        // Perform clustering on conversation logged as part of all OFF events.
+        DBSCANClusterer<PcapPacketPair> offClusterer = new DBSCANClusterer<>(10.0, 45);
+        List<Cluster<PcapPacketPair>> offClusters = offClusterer.cluster(offPairs);
+        // Sort the conversations as reference
+        List<Conversation> sortedAllConversation = TcpConversationUtils.sortConversationList(allConversations);
+        // Output clusters
+        System.out.println("========================================");
+        System.out.println("       Clustering results for ON        ");
+        System.out.println("       Number of clusters: " + onClusters.size());
+        int count = 0;
+        List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> ppListOfListReadOn = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> ppListOfListListOn = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Cluster<PcapPacketPair> c : onClusters) {
+            System.out.println(String.format("<<< Cluster #%02d (%03d points) >>>", ++count, c.getPoints().size()));
+            System.out.print(PrintUtils.toSummaryString(c));
+            if(c.getPoints().size() > 45 && c.getPoints().size() < 55) {
+                // Print to file
+                List<List<PcapPacket>> ppListOfList = PcapPacketUtils.clusterToListOfPcapPackets(c);
+                ppListOfListListOn.add(ppListOfList);
+            }
+        }
+        // TODO: Merging test
+        ppListOfListListOn = PcapPacketUtils.mergeSignatures(ppListOfListListOn, sortedAllConversation);
+        ppListOfListListOn = PcapPacketUtils.sortSignatures(ppListOfListListOn);
+        // TODO: Need to remove sequence number 2 for ST plug since it is not a good signature!
+        //PcapPacketUtils.removeSequenceFromSignature(ppListOfListListOn, 2);
+        // TODO: Need to remove sequence number 0 for TP-Link plug since it is not a good signature!
+        // TODO: This sequence actually belongs to the local communication between the plug and the phone
+        //PcapPacketUtils.removeSequenceFromSignature(ppListOfListListOn, 0);
+        PcapPacketUtils.printSignatures(ppListOfListListOn);
+        //count = 0;
+        /*for (List<List<PcapPacket>> ll : ppListOfListListOn) {
+            PrintUtils.serializeClustersIntoFile("./onSignature" + ++count + ".sig", ll);
+            ppListOfListReadOn.add(PrintUtils.deserializeClustersFromFile("./onSignature" + count + ".sig"));
+        }*/
+        PrintUtils.serializeSignatureIntoFile("./onSignature.sig", ppListOfListListOn);
+        ppListOfListReadOn = PrintUtils.deserializeSignatureFromFile("./onSignature.sig");
+
+        System.out.println("========================================");
+        System.out.println("       Clustering results for OFF       ");
+        System.out.println("       Number of clusters: " + offClusters.size());
+        count = 0;
+        List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> ppListOfListReadOff = new ArrayList<>();
+        List<List<List<PcapPacket>>> ppListOfListListOff = new ArrayList<>();
+        for (Cluster<PcapPacketPair> c : offClusters) {
+            System.out.println(String.format("<<< Cluster #%03d (%06d points) >>>", ++count, c.getPoints().size()));
+            System.out.print(PrintUtils.toSummaryString(c));
+            if(c.getPoints().size() > 45 && c.getPoints().size() < 55) {
+                // Print to file
+                List<List<PcapPacket>> ppListOfList = PcapPacketUtils.clusterToListOfPcapPackets(c);
+                ppListOfListListOff.add(ppListOfList);
+            }
+        }
+        // TODO: Merging test
+        ppListOfListListOff = PcapPacketUtils.mergeSignatures(ppListOfListListOff, sortedAllConversation);
+        ppListOfListListOff = PcapPacketUtils.sortSignatures(ppListOfListListOff);
+        // TODO: Need to remove sequence number 1 for Nest Thermostat since it is not a good signature!
+        //PcapPacketUtils.removeSequenceFromSignature(ppListOfListListOff, 1);
+        // TODO: Need to remove sequence number 0 for Arlo Camera since it is not a good signature!
+        //PcapPacketUtils.removeSequenceFromSignature(ppListOfListListOff, 0);
+        // TODO: Need to remove sequence number 2 for ST plug since it is not a good signature!
+        //PcapPacketUtils.removeSequenceFromSignature(ppListOfListListOff, 2);
+        // TODO: Need to remove sequence number 0 for TP-Link plug since it is not a good signature!
+        // TODO: This sequence actually belongs to the local communication between the plug and the phone
+        //PcapPacketUtils.removeSequenceFromSignature(ppListOfListListOff, 0);
+        PcapPacketUtils.printSignatures(ppListOfListListOff);
+        //count = 0;
+        /*for (List<List<PcapPacket>> ll : ppListOfListListOff) {
+            PrintUtils.serializeClustersIntoFile("./offSignature" + ++count + ".sig", ll);
+            ppListOfListReadOff.add(PrintUtils.deserializeClustersFromFile("./offSignature" + count + ".sig"));
+        }*/
+        PrintUtils.serializeSignatureIntoFile("./offSignature.sig", ppListOfListListOff);
+        ppListOfListReadOff = PrintUtils.deserializeSignatureFromFile("./offSignature.sig");
+        System.out.println("========================================");
+        // ============================================================================================================
+
+        /*
+        System.out.println("==== ON ====");
+        // Print out all the pairs into a file for ON events
+        File fileOnEvents = new File(onPairsPath);
+        PrintWriter pwOn = null;
+        try {
+            pwOn = new PrintWriter(fileOnEvents);
+        } catch(Exception ex) {
+            ex.printStackTrace();
+        }
+        for(Map.Entry<String, Map<String, List<Conversation>>> entry : ons.entrySet()) {
+            Map<String, List<Conversation>> seqsToConvs = entry.getValue();
+            for(Map.Entry<String, List<Conversation>> entryConv : seqsToConvs.entrySet()) {
+                List<Conversation> listConv = entryConv.getValue();
+                // Just get the first Conversation because all Conversations in this group
+                // should have the same pairs of Application Data.
+                for(Conversation conv : listConv) {
+                    // Process only if it is a TLS packet
+                    if (conv.isTls()) {
+                        List<PcapPacketPair> tlsAppDataList = TcpConversationUtils.extractTlsAppDataPacketPairs(conv);
+                        for(PcapPacketPair pair: tlsAppDataList) {
+                            System.out.println(PrintUtils.toCsv(pair, dnsMap));
+                            pwOn.println(PrintUtils.toCsv(pair, dnsMap));
+                        }
+                    } else { // Non-TLS conversations
+                        List<PcapPacketPair> packetList = TcpConversationUtils.extractPacketPairs(conv);
+                        for(PcapPacketPair pair: packetList) {
+                            System.out.println(PrintUtils.toCsv(pair, dnsMap));
+                            pwOn.println(PrintUtils.toCsv(pair, dnsMap));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        pwOn.close();
+
+        System.out.println("==== OFF ====");
+        // Print out all the pairs into a file for ON events
+        File fileOffEvents = new File(offPairsPath);
+        PrintWriter pwOff = null;
         try {
-            Pcap data = Pcap.fromFile(file);
-            //data.hdr();
-        } catch (Exception e) {
-            e.printStackTrace();
+            pwOff = new PrintWriter(fileOffEvents);
+        } catch(Exception ex) {
+            ex.printStackTrace();
         }
+        for(Map.Entry<String, Map<String, List<Conversation>>> entry : offs.entrySet()) {
+            Map<String, List<Conversation>> seqsToConvs = entry.getValue();
+            for(Map.Entry<String, List<Conversation>> entryConv : seqsToConvs.entrySet()) {
+                List<Conversation> listConv = entryConv.getValue();
+                // Just get the first Conversation because all Conversations in this group
+                // should have the same pairs of Application Data.
+                for(Conversation conv : listConv) {
+                    // Process only if it is a TLS packet
+                    if (conv.isTls()) {
+                        List<PcapPacketPair> tlsAppDataList = TcpConversationUtils.extractTlsAppDataPacketPairs(conv);
+                        for(PcapPacketPair pair: tlsAppDataList) {
+                            System.out.println(PrintUtils.toCsv(pair, dnsMap));
+                            pwOff.println(PrintUtils.toCsv(pair, dnsMap));
+                        }
+                    } else { // Non-TLS conversations
+                        List<PcapPacketPair> packetList = TcpConversationUtils.extractPacketPairs(conv);
+                        for (PcapPacketPair pair : packetList) {
+                            System.out.println(PrintUtils.toCsv(pair, dnsMap));
+                            pwOff.println(PrintUtils.toCsv(pair, dnsMap));
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        pwOff.close();
+        */
+
+//        // ================================================================================================
+//        // <<< Some work-in-progress/explorative code that extracts a "representative" sequence >>>
+//        //
+//        // Currently need to know relevant hostname in advance :(
+//        String hostname = "events.tplinkra.com";
+////        String hostname = "rfe-us-west-1.dch.dlink.com";
+//        // Conversations with 'hostname' for ON events.
+//        List<Conversation> onsForHostname = new ArrayList<>();
+//        // Conversations with 'hostname' for OFF events.
+//        List<Conversation> offsForHostname = new ArrayList<>();
+//        // "Unwrap" sequence groupings in ons/offs maps.
+//        ons.get(hostname).forEach((k,v) -> onsForHostname.addAll(v));
+//        offs.get(hostname).forEach((k,v) -> offsForHostname.addAll(v));
+//
+//
+//        Map<String, List<Conversation>> onsForHostnameGroupedByTlsAppDataSequence = TcpConversationUtils.groupConversationsByTlsApplicationDataPacketSequence(onsForHostname);
+//
+//
+//        // Extract representative sequence for ON and OFF by providing the list of conversations with
+//        // 'hostname' observed for each event type (the training data).
+//        SequenceExtraction seqExtraction = new SequenceExtraction();
+////        ExtractedSequence extractedSequenceForOn = seqExtraction.extract(onsForHostname);
+////        ExtractedSequence extractedSequenceForOff = seqExtraction.extract(offsForHostname);
+//
+//        ExtractedSequence extractedSequenceForOn = seqExtraction.extractByTlsAppData(onsForHostname);
+//        ExtractedSequence extractedSequenceForOff = seqExtraction.extractByTlsAppData(offsForHostname);
+//
+//        // Let's check how many ONs align with OFFs and vice versa (that is, how many times an event is incorrectly
+//        // labeled).
+//        int onsLabeledAsOff = 0;
+//        Integer[] representativeOnSeq = TcpConversationUtils.getPacketLengthSequence(extractedSequenceForOn.getRepresentativeSequence());
+//        Integer[] representativeOffSeq = TcpConversationUtils.getPacketLengthSequence(extractedSequenceForOff.getRepresentativeSequence());
+//        SequenceAlignment<Integer> seqAlg = seqExtraction.getAlignmentAlgorithm();
+//        for (Conversation c : onsForHostname) {
+//            Integer[] onSeq = TcpConversationUtils.getPacketLengthSequence(c);
+//            if (seqAlg.calculateAlignment(representativeOffSeq, onSeq) <= extractedSequenceForOff.getMaxAlignmentCost()) {
+//                onsLabeledAsOff++;
+//            }
+//        }
+//        int offsLabeledAsOn = 0;
+//        for (Conversation c : offsForHostname) {
+//            Integer[] offSeq = TcpConversationUtils.getPacketLengthSequence(c);
+//            if (seqAlg.calculateAlignment(representativeOnSeq, offSeq) <= extractedSequenceForOn.getMaxAlignmentCost()) {
+//                offsLabeledAsOn++;
+//            }
+//        }
+//        System.out.println("");
+//        // ================================================================================================
+//
+//
+//        // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//        // -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
     }
+
 }
+
+
+// TP-Link MAC 50:c7:bf:33:1f:09 and usually IP 192.168.1.159 (remember to verify per file)
+// frame.len >= 556 && frame.len <= 558 && ip.addr == 192.168.1.159
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