Verifier: Check accessors of MDLocation

Verifier: Check accessors of MDLocation

Check accessors of `MDLocation`, and change them to `cast<>` down to the
right types.  Also add type-safe factory functions.

All the callers that handle broken code need to use the new versions of
the accessors (`getRawScope()` instead of `getScope()`) that still
return `Metadata*`.  This is also necessary for things like
`MDNodeKeyImpl<MDLocation>` (in LLVMContextImpl.h) that need to unique
the nodes when their operands might still be forward references of the
wrong type.

In the `Value` hierarchy, consumers that handle broken code use
`getOperand()` directly.  However, debug info nodes have a ton of
operands, and their order (even their existence) isn't stable yet.  It's
safer and more maintainable to add an explicit "raw" accessor on the
class itself.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@233322 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8