Baton - minimalist inter-thread notification

Baton - minimalist inter-thread notification

Summary:
A Baton allows a thread to block once and be awoken: it captures
a single handoff.  During its lifecycle (from construction/reset to
destruction/reset) a baton must either be post()ed and wait()ed exactly
once each, or not at all.  Batons may be reused after a call to
recycle().

Baton includes no internal padding, and is only 4 bytes in size.
Any alignment or padding to avoid false sharing is up to the user.

This is basically a stripped-down semaphore that supports only a single
call to sem_post.  The current posix semaphore sem_t isn't too bad, but
this provides more a bit more speed, checking, inlining, smaller size,
a guarantee that the implementation won't change, and compatibility
with DeterministicSchedule.  Baton is directly implemented on top of
futex, and takes care to avoid system calls.

Test Plan:
1. new unit tests
2. this code has already been in production use in TAO for many months

Reviewed By: davejwatson@fb.com

FB internal diff: D1130407