bugfix - add stl-model.h wrappers, to provide more control over STL
[c11tester.git] / model.cc
index 0c201fd381aa239eeaa060d6e46f22aae9023579..bf602246b5f83be35e924a772a874949dcf0ba56 100644 (file)
--- a/model.cc
+++ b/model.cc
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ struct model_snapshot_members {
        unsigned int next_thread_id;
        modelclock_t used_sequence_numbers;
        ModelAction *next_backtrack;
-       std::vector< bug_message *, SnapshotAlloc<bug_message *> > bugs;
+       SnapVector<bug_message *> bugs;
        struct execution_stats stats;
        bool failed_promise;
        bool too_many_reads;
@@ -85,12 +85,12 @@ ModelChecker::ModelChecker(struct model_params params) :
        obj_map(new HashTable<const void *, action_list_t *, uintptr_t, 4>()),
        lock_waiters_map(new HashTable<const void *, action_list_t *, uintptr_t, 4>()),
        condvar_waiters_map(new HashTable<const void *, action_list_t *, uintptr_t, 4>()),
-       obj_thrd_map(new HashTable<void *, std::vector<action_list_t> *, uintptr_t, 4 >()),
-       promises(new std::vector< Promise *, SnapshotAlloc<Promise *> >()),
-       futurevalues(new std::vector< struct PendingFutureValue, SnapshotAlloc<struct PendingFutureValue> >()),
-       pending_rel_seqs(new std::vector< struct release_seq *, SnapshotAlloc<struct release_seq *> >()),
-       thrd_last_action(new std::vector< ModelAction *, SnapshotAlloc<ModelAction *> >(1)),
-       thrd_last_fence_release(new std::vector< ModelAction *, SnapshotAlloc<ModelAction *> >()),
+       obj_thrd_map(new HashTable<void *, SnapVector<action_list_t> *, uintptr_t, 4 >()),
+       promises(new SnapVector<Promise *>()),
+       futurevalues(new SnapVector<struct PendingFutureValue>()),
+       pending_rel_seqs(new SnapVector<struct release_seq *>()),
+       thrd_last_action(new SnapVector<ModelAction *>(1)),
+       thrd_last_fence_release(new SnapVector<ModelAction *>()),
        node_stack(new NodeStack()),
        priv(new struct model_snapshot_members()),
        mo_graph(new CycleGraph())
@@ -137,11 +137,11 @@ static action_list_t * get_safe_ptr_action(HashTable<const void *, action_list_t
        return tmp;
 }
 
-static std::vector<action_list_t> * get_safe_ptr_vect_action(HashTable<void *, std::vector<action_list_t> *, uintptr_t, 4> * hash, void * ptr)
+static SnapVector<action_list_t> * get_safe_ptr_vect_action(HashTable<void *, SnapVector<action_list_t> *, uintptr_t, 4> * hash, void * ptr)
 {
-       std::vector<action_list_t> *tmp = hash->get(ptr);
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *tmp = hash->get(ptr);
        if (tmp == NULL) {
-               tmp = new std::vector<action_list_t>();
+               tmp = new SnapVector<action_list_t>();
                hash->put(ptr, tmp);
        }
        return tmp;
@@ -204,34 +204,43 @@ Node * ModelChecker::get_curr_node() const
        return node_stack->get_head();
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Select the next thread to execute based on the curren action
+ *
+ * RMW actions occur in two parts, and we cannot split them. And THREAD_CREATE
+ * actions should be followed by the execution of their child thread. In either
+ * case, the current action should determine the next thread schedule.
+ *
+ * @param curr The current action
+ * @return The next thread to run, if the current action will determine this
+ * selection; otherwise NULL
+ */
+Thread * ModelChecker::action_select_next_thread(const ModelAction *curr) const
+{
+       /* Do not split atomic RMW */
+       if (curr->is_rmwr())
+               return get_thread(curr);
+       /* Follow CREATE with the created thread */
+       if (curr->get_type() == THREAD_CREATE)
+               return curr->get_thread_operand();
+       return NULL;
+}
+
 /**
  * @brief Choose the next thread to execute.
  *
- * This function chooses the next thread that should execute. It can force the
- * adjacency of read/write portions of a RMW action, force THREAD_CREATE to be
- * followed by a THREAD_START, or it can enforce execution replay/backtracking.
- * The model-checker may have no preference regarding the next thread (i.e.,
- * when exploring a new execution ordering), in which case we defer to the
- * scheduler.
+ * This function chooses the next thread that should execute. It can enforce
+ * execution replay/backtracking or, if the model-checker has no preference
+ * regarding the next thread (i.e., when exploring a new execution ordering),
+ * we defer to the scheduler.
  *
- * @param curr Optional: The current ModelAction. Only used if non-NULL and it
- * might guide the choice of next thread (i.e., THREAD_CREATE should be
- * followed by THREAD_START, or ATOMIC_RMWR followed by ATOMIC_{RMW,RMWC})
- * @return The next chosen thread to run, if any exist. Or else if no threads
- * remain to be executed, return NULL.
+ * @return The next chosen thread to run, if any exist. Or else if the current
+ * execution should terminate, return NULL.
  */
-Thread * ModelChecker::get_next_thread(ModelAction *curr)
+Thread * ModelChecker::get_next_thread()
 {
        thread_id_t tid;
 
-       if (curr != NULL) {
-               /* Do not split atomic actions. */
-               if (curr->is_rmwr())
-                       return get_thread(curr);
-               else if (curr->get_type() == THREAD_CREATE)
-                       return curr->get_thread_operand();
-       }
-
        /*
         * Have we completed exploring the preselected path? Then let the
         * scheduler decide
@@ -259,14 +268,10 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::get_next_thread(ModelAction *curr)
                        /* The next node will try to satisfy a different set of promises. */
                        tid = next->get_tid();
                        node_stack->pop_restofstack(2);
-               } else if (nextnode->increment_read_from_past()) {
+               } else if (nextnode->increment_read_from()) {
                        /* The next node will read from a different value. */
                        tid = next->get_tid();
                        node_stack->pop_restofstack(2);
-               } else if (nextnode->increment_future_value()) {
-                       /* The next node will try to read from a different future value. */
-                       tid = next->get_tid();
-                       node_stack->pop_restofstack(2);
                } else if (nextnode->increment_relseq_break()) {
                        /* The next node will try to resolve a release sequence differently */
                        tid = next->get_tid();
@@ -404,6 +409,22 @@ bool ModelChecker::is_deadlocked() const
        return blocking_threads;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Check if a Thread has entered a circular wait deadlock situation. This will
+ * not check other threads for potential deadlock situations, and may miss
+ * deadlocks involving WAIT.
+ *
+ * @param t The thread which may have entered a deadlock
+ * @return True if this Thread entered a deadlock; false otherwise
+ */
+bool ModelChecker::is_circular_wait(const Thread *t) const
+{
+       for (Thread *waiting = t->waiting_on() ; waiting != NULL; waiting = waiting->waiting_on())
+               if (waiting == t)
+                       return true;
+       return false;
+}
+
 /**
  * Check if this is a complete execution. That is, have all thread completed
  * execution (rather than exiting because sleep sets have forced a redundant
@@ -487,8 +508,16 @@ void ModelChecker::record_stats()
                stats.num_buggy_executions++;
        else if (is_complete_execution())
                stats.num_complete++;
-       else
+       else {
                stats.num_redundant++;
+
+               /**
+                * @todo We can violate this ASSERT() when fairness/sleep sets
+                * conflict to cause an execution to terminate, e.g. with:
+                * Scheduler: [0: disabled][1: disabled][2: sleep][3: current, enabled]
+                */
+               //ASSERT(scheduler->all_threads_sleeping());
+       }
 }
 
 /** @brief Print execution stats */
@@ -510,7 +539,7 @@ void ModelChecker::print_execution(bool printbugs) const
 {
        print_program_output();
 
-       if (DBG_ENABLED() || params.verbose) {
+       if (params.verbose) {
                model_print("Earliest divergence point since last feasible execution:\n");
                if (earliest_diverge)
                        earliest_diverge->print();
@@ -554,7 +583,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::next_execution()
        record_stats();
 
        /* Output */
-       if (DBG_ENABLED() || params.verbose || (complete && have_bug_reports()))
+       if (params.verbose || (complete && have_bug_reports()))
                print_execution(complete);
        else
                clear_program_output();
@@ -613,8 +642,8 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_last_fence_conflict(ModelAction *act) const
         *   load-acquire
         * or
         *   load --sb-> fence-acquire */
-       std::vector< ModelAction *, ModelAlloc<ModelAction *> > acquire_fences(get_num_threads(), NULL);
-       std::vector< ModelAction *, ModelAlloc<ModelAction *> > prior_loads(get_num_threads(), NULL);
+       ModelVector<ModelAction *> acquire_fences(get_num_threads(), NULL);
+       ModelVector<ModelAction *> prior_loads(get_num_threads(), NULL);
        bool found_acquire_fences = false;
        for ( ; rit != list->rend(); rit++) {
                ModelAction *prev = *rit;
@@ -793,6 +822,21 @@ void ModelChecker::set_backtracking(ModelAction *act)
                        if (unfair)
                                continue;
                }
+
+               /* See if CHESS-like yield fairness allows */
+               if (model->params.yieldon) {
+                       bool unfair = false;
+                       for (int t = 0; t < node->get_num_threads(); t++) {
+                               thread_id_t tother = int_to_id(t);
+                               if (node->is_enabled(tother) && node->has_priority_over(tid, tother)) {
+                                       unfair = true;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (unfair)
+                               continue;
+               }
+               
                /* Cache the latest backtracking point */
                set_latest_backtrack(prev);
 
@@ -848,41 +892,59 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_next_backtrack()
  */
 bool ModelChecker::process_read(ModelAction *curr)
 {
-       uint64_t value = VALUE_NONE;
-       bool updated = false;
+       Node *node = curr->get_node();
        while (true) {
-               const ModelAction *rf = curr->get_node()->get_read_from_past();
-               if (rf != NULL) {
-                       mo_graph->startChanges();
-
-                       value = rf->get_value();
+               bool updated = false;
+               switch (node->get_read_from_status()) {
+               case READ_FROM_PAST: {
+                       const ModelAction *rf = node->get_read_from_past();
+                       ASSERT(rf);
 
-                       check_recency(curr, rf);
-                       bool r_status = r_modification_order(curr, rf);
+                       mo_graph->startChanges();
 
-                       if (is_infeasible() && (curr->get_node()->increment_read_from_past() || curr->get_node()->increment_future_value())) {
-                               mo_graph->rollbackChanges();
-                               priv->too_many_reads = false;
-                               continue;
+                       ASSERT(!is_infeasible());
+                       if (!check_recency(curr, rf)) {
+                               if (node->increment_read_from()) {
+                                       mo_graph->rollbackChanges();
+                                       continue;
+                               } else {
+                                       priv->too_many_reads = true;
+                               }
                        }
 
+                       updated = r_modification_order(curr, rf);
                        read_from(curr, rf);
                        mo_graph->commitChanges();
                        mo_check_promises(curr, true);
-
-                       updated |= r_status;
-               } else {
+                       break;
+               }
+               case READ_FROM_PROMISE: {
+                       Promise *promise = curr->get_node()->get_read_from_promise();
+                       if (promise->add_reader(curr))
+                               priv->failed_promise = true;
+                       curr->set_read_from_promise(promise);
+                       mo_graph->startChanges();
+                       if (!check_recency(curr, promise))
+                               priv->too_many_reads = true;
+                       updated = r_modification_order(curr, promise);
+                       mo_graph->commitChanges();
+                       break;
+               }
+               case READ_FROM_FUTURE: {
                        /* Read from future value */
-                       struct future_value fv = curr->get_node()->get_future_value();
+                       struct future_value fv = node->get_future_value();
                        Promise *promise = new Promise(curr, fv);
-                       value = fv.value;
                        curr->set_read_from_promise(promise);
                        promises->push_back(promise);
                        mo_graph->startChanges();
                        updated = r_modification_order(curr, promise);
                        mo_graph->commitChanges();
+                       break;
+               }
+               default:
+                       ASSERT(false);
                }
-               get_thread(curr)->set_return_value(value);
+               get_thread(curr)->set_return_value(curr->get_return_value());
                return updated;
        }
 }
@@ -905,20 +967,15 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_read(ModelAction *curr)
  */
 bool ModelChecker::process_mutex(ModelAction *curr)
 {
-       std::mutex *mutex = NULL;
+       std::mutex *mutex = curr->get_mutex();
        struct std::mutex_state *state = NULL;
 
-       if (curr->is_trylock() || curr->is_lock() || curr->is_unlock()) {
-               mutex = (std::mutex *)curr->get_location();
-               state = mutex->get_state();
-       } else if (curr->is_wait()) {
-               mutex = (std::mutex *)curr->get_value();
+       if (mutex)
                state = mutex->get_state();
-       }
 
        switch (curr->get_type()) {
        case ATOMIC_TRYLOCK: {
-               bool success = !state->islocked;
+               bool success = !state->locked;
                curr->set_try_lock(success);
                if (!success) {
                        get_thread(curr)->set_return_value(0);
@@ -930,7 +987,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_mutex(ModelAction *curr)
        case ATOMIC_LOCK: {
                if (curr->get_cv()->getClock(state->alloc_tid) <= state->alloc_clock)
                        assert_bug("Lock access before initialization");
-               state->islocked = true;
+               state->locked = get_thread(curr);
                ModelAction *unlock = get_last_unlock(curr);
                //synchronize with the previous unlock statement
                if (unlock != NULL) {
@@ -941,7 +998,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_mutex(ModelAction *curr)
        }
        case ATOMIC_UNLOCK: {
                //unlock the lock
-               state->islocked = false;
+               state->locked = NULL;
                //wake up the other threads
                action_list_t *waiters = get_safe_ptr_action(lock_waiters_map, curr->get_location());
                //activate all the waiting threads
@@ -953,7 +1010,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_mutex(ModelAction *curr)
        }
        case ATOMIC_WAIT: {
                //unlock the lock
-               state->islocked = false;
+               state->locked = NULL;
                //wake up the other threads
                action_list_t *waiters = get_safe_ptr_action(lock_waiters_map, (void *) curr->get_value());
                //activate all the waiting threads
@@ -1006,7 +1063,7 @@ void ModelChecker::add_future_value(const ModelAction *writer, ModelAction *read
                        write_thread = write_thread->get_parent();
 
                struct future_value fv = {
-                       writer->get_value(),
+                       writer->get_write_value(),
                        writer->get_seq_number() + params.maxfuturedelay,
                        write_thread->get_id(),
                };
@@ -1022,8 +1079,26 @@ void ModelChecker::add_future_value(const ModelAction *writer, ModelAction *read
  */
 bool ModelChecker::process_write(ModelAction *curr)
 {
-       bool updated_mod_order = w_modification_order(curr);
-       bool updated_promises = resolve_promises(curr);
+       /* Readers to which we may send our future value */
+       ModelVector<ModelAction *> send_fv;
+
+       bool updated_mod_order = w_modification_order(curr, &send_fv);
+       int promise_idx = get_promise_to_resolve(curr);
+       const ModelAction *earliest_promise_reader;
+       bool updated_promises = false;
+
+       if (promise_idx >= 0) {
+               earliest_promise_reader = (*promises)[promise_idx]->get_reader(0);
+               updated_promises = resolve_promise(curr, promise_idx);
+       } else
+               earliest_promise_reader = NULL;
+
+       /* Don't send future values to reads after the Promise we resolve */
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < send_fv.size(); i++) {
+               ModelAction *read = send_fv[i];
+               if (!earliest_promise_reader || *read < *earliest_promise_reader)
+                       futurevalues->push_back(PendingFutureValue(curr, read));
+       }
 
        if (promises->size() == 0) {
                for (unsigned int i = 0; i < futurevalues->size(); i++) {
@@ -1308,8 +1383,11 @@ bool ModelChecker::initialize_curr_action(ModelAction **curr)
  */
 bool ModelChecker::read_from(ModelAction *act, const ModelAction *rf)
 {
+       ASSERT(rf);
+       ASSERT(rf->is_write());
+
        act->set_read_from(rf);
-       if (rf != NULL && act->is_acquire()) {
+       if (act->is_acquire()) {
                rel_heads_list_t release_heads;
                get_release_seq_heads(act, act, &release_heads);
                int num_heads = release_heads.size();
@@ -1335,14 +1413,19 @@ void ModelChecker::thread_blocking_check_promises(Thread *blocker, Thread *waiti
 {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
                Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
-               ModelAction *reader = promise->get_action();
-               if (reader->get_tid() != blocker->get_id())
-                       continue;
                if (!promise->thread_is_available(waiting->get_id()))
                        continue;
-               if (promise->eliminate_thread(waiting->get_id())) {
-                       /* Promise has failed */
-                       priv->failed_promise = true;
+               for (unsigned int j = 0; j < promise->get_num_readers(); j++) {
+                       ModelAction *reader = promise->get_reader(j);
+                       if (reader->get_tid() != blocker->get_id())
+                               continue;
+                       if (promise->eliminate_thread(waiting->get_id())) {
+                               /* Promise has failed */
+                               priv->failed_promise = true;
+                       } else {
+                               /* Only eliminate the 'waiting' thread once */
+                               return;
+                       }
                }
        }
 }
@@ -1361,7 +1444,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::check_action_enabled(ModelAction *curr) {
        if (curr->is_lock()) {
                std::mutex *lock = (std::mutex *)curr->get_location();
                struct std::mutex_state *state = lock->get_state();
-               if (state->islocked) {
+               if (state->locked) {
                        //Stick the action in the appropriate waiting queue
                        get_safe_ptr_action(lock_waiters_map, curr->get_location())->push_back(curr);
                        return false;
@@ -1410,6 +1493,11 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::check_current_action(ModelAction *curr)
 
        wake_up_sleeping_actions(curr);
 
+       /* Compute fairness information for CHESS yield algorithm */
+       if (model->params.yieldon) {
+               curr->get_node()->update_yield(scheduler);
+       }
+
        /* Add the action to lists before any other model-checking tasks */
        if (!second_part_of_rmw)
                add_action_to_lists(curr);
@@ -1474,7 +1562,7 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::check_current_action(ModelAction *curr)
                                }
                        }
                        if (act->is_write()) {
-                               if (w_modification_order(act))
+                               if (w_modification_order(act, NULL))
                                        updated = true;
                        }
                        mo_graph->commitChanges();
@@ -1501,8 +1589,7 @@ void ModelChecker::check_curr_backtracking(ModelAction *curr)
 
        if ((parnode && !parnode->backtrack_empty()) ||
                         !currnode->misc_empty() ||
-                        !currnode->read_from_past_empty() ||
-                        !currnode->future_value_empty() ||
+                        !currnode->read_from_empty() ||
                         !currnode->promise_empty() ||
                         !currnode->relseq_break_empty()) {
                set_latest_backtrack(curr);
@@ -1596,92 +1683,106 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::process_rmw(ModelAction *act) {
 }
 
 /**
- * Checks whether a thread has read from the same write for too many times
- * without seeing the effects of a later write.
+ * A helper function for ModelChecker::check_recency, to check if the current
+ * thread is able to read from a different write/promise for 'params.maxreads'
+ * number of steps and if that write/promise should become visible (i.e., is
+ * ordered later in the modification order). This helps model memory liveness.
  *
- * Basic idea:
- * 1) there must a different write that we could read from that would satisfy the modification order,
- * 2) we must have read from the same value in excess of maxreads times, and
- * 3) that other write must have been in the reads_from set for maxreads times.
- *
- * If so, we decide that the execution is no longer feasible.
+ * @param curr The current action. Must be a read.
+ * @param rf The write/promise from which we plan to read
+ * @param other_rf The write/promise from which we may read
+ * @return True if we were able to read from other_rf for params.maxreads steps
  */
-void ModelChecker::check_recency(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf)
+template <typename T, typename U>
+bool ModelChecker::should_read_instead(const ModelAction *curr, const T *rf, const U *other_rf) const
 {
-       if (params.maxreads != 0) {
-               if (curr->get_node()->get_read_from_past_size() <= 1)
-                       return;
-               //Must make sure that execution is currently feasible...  We could
-               //accidentally clear by rolling back
-               if (is_infeasible())
-                       return;
-               std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
-               int tid = id_to_int(curr->get_tid());
-
-               /* Skip checks */
-               if ((int)thrd_lists->size() <= tid)
-                       return;
-               action_list_t *list = &(*thrd_lists)[tid];
-
-               action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit = list->rbegin();
-               /* Skip past curr */
-               for (; (*rit) != curr; rit++)
-                       ;
-               /* go past curr now */
-               rit++;
-
-               action_list_t::reverse_iterator ritcopy = rit;
-               //See if we have enough reads from the same value
-               int count = 0;
-               for (; count < params.maxreads; rit++, count++) {
-                       if (rit == list->rend())
-                               return;
-                       ModelAction *act = *rit;
-                       if (!act->is_read())
-                               return;
-
-                       if (act->get_reads_from() != rf)
-                               return;
-                       if (act->get_node()->get_read_from_past_size() <= 1)
-                               return;
-               }
-               for (int i = 0; i < curr->get_node()->get_read_from_past_size(); i++) {
-                       /* Get write */
-                       const ModelAction *write = curr->get_node()->get_read_from_past(i);
+       /* Need a different write/promise */
+       if (other_rf->equals(rf))
+               return false;
 
-                       /* Need a different write */
-                       if (write == rf)
-                               continue;
+       /* Only look for "newer" writes/promises */
+       if (!mo_graph->checkReachable(rf, other_rf))
+               return false;
 
-                       /* Test to see whether this is a feasible write to read from */
-                       /** NOTE: all members of read-from set should be
-                        *  feasible, so we no longer check it here **/
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
+       action_list_t *list = &(*thrd_lists)[id_to_int(curr->get_tid())];
+       action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit = list->rbegin();
+       ASSERT((*rit) == curr);
+       /* Skip past curr */
+       rit++;
+
+       /* Does this write/promise work for everyone? */
+       for (int i = 0; i < params.maxreads; i++, rit++) {
+               ModelAction *act = *rit;
+               if (!act->may_read_from(other_rf))
+                       return false;
+       }
+       return true;
+}
 
-                       rit = ritcopy;
+/**
+ * Checks whether a thread has read from the same write or Promise for too many
+ * times without seeing the effects of a later write/Promise.
+ *
+ * Basic idea:
+ * 1) there must a different write/promise that we could read from,
+ * 2) we must have read from the same write/promise in excess of maxreads times,
+ * 3) that other write/promise must have been in the reads_from set for maxreads times, and
+ * 4) that other write/promise must be mod-ordered after the write/promise we are reading.
+ *
+ * If so, we decide that the execution is no longer feasible.
+ *
+ * @param curr The current action. Must be a read.
+ * @param rf The ModelAction/Promise from which we might read.
+ * @return True if the read should succeed; false otherwise
+ */
+template <typename T>
+bool ModelChecker::check_recency(ModelAction *curr, const T *rf) const
+{
+       if (!params.maxreads)
+               return true;
 
-                       bool feasiblewrite = true;
-                       //new we need to see if this write works for everyone
+       //NOTE: Next check is just optimization, not really necessary....
+       if (curr->get_node()->get_read_from_past_size() +
+                       curr->get_node()->get_read_from_promise_size() <= 1)
+               return true;
 
-                       for (int loop = count; loop > 0; loop--, rit++) {
-                               ModelAction *act = *rit;
-                               bool foundvalue = false;
-                               for (int j = 0; j < act->get_node()->get_read_from_past_size(); j++) {
-                                       if (act->get_node()->get_read_from_past(j) == write) {
-                                               foundvalue = true;
-                                               break;
-                                       }
-                               }
-                               if (!foundvalue) {
-                                       feasiblewrite = false;
-                                       break;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if (feasiblewrite) {
-                               priv->too_many_reads = true;
-                               return;
-                       }
-               }
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
+       int tid = id_to_int(curr->get_tid());
+       ASSERT(tid < (int)thrd_lists->size());
+       action_list_t *list = &(*thrd_lists)[tid];
+       action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit = list->rbegin();
+       ASSERT((*rit) == curr);
+       /* Skip past curr */
+       rit++;
+
+       action_list_t::reverse_iterator ritcopy = rit;
+       /* See if we have enough reads from the same value */
+       for (int count = 0; count < params.maxreads; ritcopy++, count++) {
+               if (ritcopy == list->rend())
+                       return true;
+               ModelAction *act = *ritcopy;
+               if (!act->is_read())
+                       return true;
+               if (act->get_reads_from_promise() && !act->get_reads_from_promise()->equals(rf))
+                       return true;
+               if (act->get_reads_from() && !act->get_reads_from()->equals(rf))
+                       return true;
+               if (act->get_node()->get_read_from_past_size() +
+                               act->get_node()->get_read_from_promise_size() <= 1)
+                       return true;
+       }
+       for (int i = 0; i < curr->get_node()->get_read_from_past_size(); i++) {
+               const ModelAction *write = curr->get_node()->get_read_from_past(i);
+               if (should_read_instead(curr, rf, write))
+                       return false; /* liveness failure */
        }
+       for (int i = 0; i < curr->get_node()->get_read_from_promise_size(); i++) {
+               const Promise *promise = curr->get_node()->get_read_from_promise(i);
+               if (should_read_instead(curr, rf, promise))
+                       return false; /* liveness failure */
+       }
+       return true;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1704,7 +1805,7 @@ void ModelChecker::check_recency(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf)
 template <typename rf_type>
 bool ModelChecker::r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const rf_type *rf)
 {
-       std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
        unsigned int i;
        bool added = false;
        ASSERT(curr->is_read());
@@ -1806,11 +1907,13 @@ bool ModelChecker::r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const rf_type *rf)
  * (II) Sending the write back to non-synchronizing reads.
  *
  * @param curr The current action. Must be a write.
+ * @param send_fv A vector for stashing reads to which we may pass our future
+ * value. If NULL, then don't record any future values.
  * @return True if modification order edges were added; false otherwise
  */
-bool ModelChecker::w_modification_order(ModelAction *curr)
+bool ModelChecker::w_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, ModelVector<ModelAction *> *send_fv)
 {
-       std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
        unsigned int i;
        bool added = false;
        ASSERT(curr->is_write());
@@ -1901,9 +2004,9 @@ bool ModelChecker::w_modification_order(ModelAction *curr)
                                   pendingfuturevalue.
 
                                 */
-                               if (thin_air_constraint_may_allow(curr, act)) {
+                               if (send_fv && thin_air_constraint_may_allow(curr, act)) {
                                        if (!is_infeasible())
-                                               futurevalues->push_back(PendingFutureValue(curr, act));
+                                               send_fv->push_back(act);
                                        else if (curr->is_rmw() && act->is_rmw() && curr->get_reads_from() && curr->get_reads_from() == act->get_reads_from())
                                                add_future_value(curr, act);
                                }
@@ -1954,7 +2057,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::thin_air_constraint_may_allow(const ModelAction *writer, cons
  */
 bool ModelChecker::mo_may_allow(const ModelAction *writer, const ModelAction *reader)
 {
-       std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, reader->get_location());
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, reader->get_location());
        unsigned int i;
        /* Iterate over all threads */
        for (i = 0; i < thrd_lists->size(); i++) {
@@ -2055,7 +2158,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::release_seq_heads(const ModelAction *rf,
                release_heads->push_back(fence_release);
 
        int tid = id_to_int(rf->get_tid());
-       std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, rf->get_location());
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, rf->get_location());
        action_list_t *list = &(*thrd_lists)[tid];
        action_list_t::const_reverse_iterator rit;
 
@@ -2198,7 +2301,7 @@ void ModelChecker::get_release_seq_heads(ModelAction *acquire,
 bool ModelChecker::resolve_release_sequences(void *location, work_queue_t *work_queue)
 {
        bool updated = false;
-       std::vector< struct release_seq *, SnapshotAlloc<struct release_seq *> >::iterator it = pending_rel_seqs->begin();
+       SnapVector<struct release_seq *>::iterator it = pending_rel_seqs->begin();
        while (it != pending_rel_seqs->end()) {
                struct release_seq *pending = *it;
                ModelAction *acquire = pending->acquire;
@@ -2269,9 +2372,9 @@ void ModelChecker::add_action_to_lists(ModelAction *act)
        int uninit_id = -1;
        action_list_t *list = get_safe_ptr_action(obj_map, act->get_location());
        if (list->empty() && act->is_atomic_var()) {
-               uninit = new_uninitialized_action(act->get_location());
+               uninit = get_uninitialized_action(act);
                uninit_id = id_to_int(uninit->get_tid());
-               list->push_back(uninit);
+               list->push_front(uninit);
        }
        list->push_back(act);
 
@@ -2279,7 +2382,7 @@ void ModelChecker::add_action_to_lists(ModelAction *act)
        if (uninit)
                action_trace->push_front(uninit);
 
-       std::vector<action_list_t> *vec = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, act->get_location());
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *vec = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, act->get_location());
        if (tid >= (int)vec->size())
                vec->resize(priv->next_thread_id);
        (*vec)[tid].push_back(act);
@@ -2302,7 +2405,7 @@ void ModelChecker::add_action_to_lists(ModelAction *act)
                void *mutex_loc = (void *) act->get_value();
                get_safe_ptr_action(obj_map, mutex_loc)->push_back(act);
 
-               std::vector<action_list_t> *vec = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, mutex_loc);
+               SnapVector<action_list_t> *vec = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, mutex_loc);
                if (tid >= (int)vec->size())
                        vec->resize(priv->next_thread_id);
                (*vec)[tid].push_back(act);
@@ -2425,51 +2528,60 @@ ClockVector * ModelChecker::get_cv(thread_id_t tid) const
 }
 
 /**
- * Resolve a set of Promises with a current write. The set is provided in the
- * Node corresponding to @a write.
- * @param write The ModelAction that is fulfilling Promises
- * @return True if promises were resolved; false otherwise
+ * @brief Find the promise, if any to resolve for the current action
+ * @param curr The current ModelAction. Should be a write.
+ * @return The (non-negative) index for the Promise to resolve, if any;
+ * otherwise -1
  */
-bool ModelChecker::resolve_promises(ModelAction *write)
+int ModelChecker::get_promise_to_resolve(const ModelAction *curr) const
 {
-       bool haveResolved = false;
-       std::vector< ModelAction *, ModelAlloc<ModelAction *> > actions_to_check;
-       promise_list_t mustResolve, resolved;
-
-       for (unsigned int i = 0, promise_index = 0; promise_index < promises->size(); i++) {
-               Promise *promise = (*promises)[promise_index];
-               if (write->get_node()->get_promise(i)) {
-                       ModelAction *read = promise->get_action();
-                       read_from(read, write);
-                       //Make sure the promise's value matches the write's value
-                       ASSERT(promise->is_compatible(write));
-                       mo_graph->resolvePromise(promise, write, &mustResolve);
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++)
+               if (curr->get_node()->get_promise(i))
+                       return i;
+       return -1;
+}
 
-                       resolved.push_back(promise);
-                       promises->erase(promises->begin() + promise_index);
-                       actions_to_check.push_back(read);
+/**
+ * Resolve a Promise with a current write.
+ * @param write The ModelAction that is fulfilling Promises
+ * @param promise_idx The index corresponding to the promise
+ * @return True if the Promise was successfully resolved; false otherwise
+ */
+bool ModelChecker::resolve_promise(ModelAction *write, unsigned int promise_idx)
+{
+       ModelVector<ModelAction *> actions_to_check;
+       Promise *promise = (*promises)[promise_idx];
 
-                       haveResolved = true;
-               } else
-                       promise_index++;
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promise->get_num_readers(); i++) {
+               ModelAction *read = promise->get_reader(i);
+               read_from(read, write);
+               actions_to_check.push_back(read);
        }
+       /* Make sure the promise's value matches the write's value */
+       ASSERT(promise->is_compatible(write) && promise->same_value(write));
+       if (!mo_graph->resolvePromise(promise, write))
+               priv->failed_promise = true;
+
+       promises->erase(promises->begin() + promise_idx);
+       /**
+        * @todo  It is possible to end up in an inconsistent state, where a
+        * "resolved" promise may still be referenced if
+        * CycleGraph::resolvePromise() failed, so don't delete 'promise'.
+        *
+        * Note that the inconsistency only matters when dumping mo_graph to
+        * file.
+        *
+        * delete promise;
+        */
 
-       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mustResolve.size(); i++) {
-               if (std::find(resolved.begin(), resolved.end(), mustResolve[i])
-                               == resolved.end())
-                       priv->failed_promise = true;
-       }
-       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < resolved.size(); i++)
-               delete resolved[i];
        //Check whether reading these writes has made threads unable to
        //resolve promises
-
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < actions_to_check.size(); i++) {
                ModelAction *read = actions_to_check[i];
                mo_check_promises(read, true);
        }
 
-       return haveResolved;
+       return true;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2482,14 +2594,20 @@ void ModelChecker::compute_promises(ModelAction *curr)
 {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
                Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
-               const ModelAction *act = promise->get_action();
-               ASSERT(act->is_read());
-               if (!act->happens_before(curr) &&
-                               !act->could_synchronize_with(curr) &&
-                               promise->is_compatible(curr) &&
-                               promise->get_value() == curr->get_value()) {
-                       curr->get_node()->set_promise(i, act->is_rmw());
+               if (!promise->is_compatible(curr) || !promise->same_value(curr))
+                       continue;
+
+               bool satisfy = true;
+               for (unsigned int j = 0; j < promise->get_num_readers(); j++) {
+                       const ModelAction *act = promise->get_reader(j);
+                       if (act->happens_before(curr) ||
+                                       act->could_synchronize_with(curr)) {
+                               satisfy = false;
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
+               if (satisfy)
+                       curr->get_node()->set_promise(i);
        }
 }
 
@@ -2498,13 +2616,17 @@ void ModelChecker::check_promises(thread_id_t tid, ClockVector *old_cv, ClockVec
 {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
                Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
-               const ModelAction *act = promise->get_action();
-               if ((old_cv == NULL || !old_cv->synchronized_since(act)) &&
-                               merge_cv->synchronized_since(act)) {
-                       if (promise->eliminate_thread(tid)) {
-                               //Promise has failed
-                               priv->failed_promise = true;
-                               return;
+               if (!promise->thread_is_available(tid))
+                       continue;
+               for (unsigned int j = 0; j < promise->get_num_readers(); j++) {
+                       const ModelAction *act = promise->get_reader(j);
+                       if ((!old_cv || !old_cv->synchronized_since(act)) &&
+                                       merge_cv->synchronized_since(act)) {
+                               if (promise->eliminate_thread(tid)) {
+                                       /* Promise has failed */
+                                       priv->failed_promise = true;
+                                       return;
+                               }
                        }
                }
        }
@@ -2541,15 +2663,20 @@ void ModelChecker::mo_check_promises(const ModelAction *act, bool is_read_check)
 
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
                Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
-               const ModelAction *pread = promise->get_action();
 
                // Is this promise on the same location?
-               if (!pread->same_var(write))
+               if (!promise->same_location(write))
                        continue;
 
-               if (pread->happens_before(act) && mo_graph->checkPromise(write, promise)) {
-                       priv->failed_promise = true;
-                       return;
+               for (unsigned int j = 0; j < promise->get_num_readers(); j++) {
+                       const ModelAction *pread = promise->get_reader(j);
+                       if (!pread->happens_before(act))
+                              continue;
+                       if (mo_graph->checkPromise(write, promise)) {
+                               priv->failed_promise = true;
+                               return;
+                       }
+                       break;
                }
 
                // Don't do any lookups twice for the same thread
@@ -2597,7 +2724,7 @@ void ModelChecker::compute_relseq_breakwrites(ModelAction *curr)
  */
 void ModelChecker::build_may_read_from(ModelAction *curr)
 {
-       std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
+       SnapVector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
        unsigned int i;
        ASSERT(curr->is_read());
 
@@ -2644,21 +2771,19 @@ void ModelChecker::build_may_read_from(ModelAction *curr)
        /* Inherit existing, promised future values */
        for (i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
                const Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
-               const ModelAction *promise_read = promise->get_action();
+               const ModelAction *promise_read = promise->get_reader(0);
                if (promise_read->same_var(curr)) {
                        /* Only add feasible future-values */
                        mo_graph->startChanges();
                        r_modification_order(curr, promise);
-                       if (!is_infeasible()) {
-                               const struct future_value fv = promise->get_fv();
-                               curr->get_node()->add_future_value(fv);
-                       }
+                       if (!is_infeasible())
+                               curr->get_node()->add_read_from_promise(promise_read);
                        mo_graph->rollbackChanges();
                }
        }
 
        /* We may find no valid may-read-from only if the execution is doomed */
-       if (!curr->get_node()->get_read_from_past_size() && curr->get_node()->future_value_empty()) {
+       if (!curr->get_node()->read_from_size()) {
                priv->no_valid_reads = true;
                set_assert();
        }
@@ -2690,14 +2815,21 @@ bool ModelChecker::sleep_can_read_from(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *wri
 }
 
 /**
- * @brief Create a new action representing an uninitialized atomic
- * @param location The memory location of the atomic object
- * @return A pointer to a new ModelAction
+ * @brief Get an action representing an uninitialized atomic
+ *
+ * This function may create a new one or try to retrieve one from the NodeStack
+ *
+ * @param curr The current action, which prompts the creation of an UNINIT action
+ * @return A pointer to the UNINIT ModelAction
  */
-ModelAction * ModelChecker::new_uninitialized_action(void *location) const
+ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_uninitialized_action(const ModelAction *curr) const
 {
-       ModelAction *act = (ModelAction *)snapshot_malloc(sizeof(class ModelAction));
-       act = new (act) ModelAction(ATOMIC_UNINIT, std::memory_order_relaxed, location, 0, model_thread);
+       Node *node = curr->get_node();
+       ModelAction *act = node->get_uninit_action();
+       if (!act) {
+               act = new ModelAction(ATOMIC_UNINIT, std::memory_order_relaxed, curr->get_location(), model->params.uninitvalue, model_thread);
+               node->set_uninit_action(act);
+       }
        act->create_cv(NULL);
        return act;
 }
@@ -2711,7 +2843,9 @@ static void print_list(action_list_t *list)
        unsigned int hash = 0;
 
        for (it = list->begin(); it != list->end(); it++) {
-               (*it)->print();
+               const ModelAction *act = *it;
+               if (act->get_seq_number() > 0)
+                       act->print();
                hash = hash^(hash<<3)^((*it)->hash());
        }
        model_print("HASH %u\n", hash);
@@ -2729,17 +2863,28 @@ void ModelChecker::dumpGraph(char *filename) const
        ModelAction **thread_array = (ModelAction **)model_calloc(1, sizeof(ModelAction *) * get_num_threads());
 
        for (action_list_t::iterator it = action_trace->begin(); it != action_trace->end(); it++) {
-               ModelAction *action = *it;
-               if (action->is_read()) {
-                       fprintf(file, "N%u [label=\"N%u, T%u\"];\n", action->get_seq_number(), action->get_seq_number(), action->get_tid());
-                       if (action->get_reads_from() != NULL)
-                               fprintf(file, "N%u -> N%u[label=\"rf\", color=red];\n", action->get_seq_number(), action->get_reads_from()->get_seq_number());
+               ModelAction *act = *it;
+               if (act->is_read()) {
+                       mo_graph->dot_print_node(file, act);
+                       if (act->get_reads_from())
+                               mo_graph->dot_print_edge(file,
+                                               act->get_reads_from(),
+                                               act,
+                                               "label=\"rf\", color=red, weight=2");
+                       else
+                               mo_graph->dot_print_edge(file,
+                                               act->get_reads_from_promise(),
+                                               act,
+                                               "label=\"rf\", color=red");
                }
-               if (thread_array[action->get_tid()] != NULL) {
-                       fprintf(file, "N%u -> N%u[label=\"sb\", color=blue];\n", thread_array[action->get_tid()]->get_seq_number(), action->get_seq_number());
+               if (thread_array[act->get_tid()]) {
+                       mo_graph->dot_print_edge(file,
+                                       thread_array[id_to_int(act->get_tid())],
+                                       act,
+                                       "label=\"sb\", color=blue, weight=400");
                }
 
-               thread_array[action->get_tid()] = action;
+               thread_array[act->get_tid()] = act;
        }
        fprintf(file, "}\n");
        model_free(thread_array);
@@ -2759,12 +2904,22 @@ void ModelChecker::print_summary() const
 #endif
 
        model_print("Execution %d:", stats.num_total);
-       if (isfeasibleprefix())
+       if (isfeasibleprefix()) {
+               if (scheduler->all_threads_sleeping())
+                       model_print(" SLEEP-SET REDUNDANT");
                model_print("\n");
-       else
+       else
                print_infeasibility(" INFEASIBLE");
        print_list(action_trace);
        model_print("\n");
+       if (!promises->empty()) {
+               model_print("Pending promises:\n");
+               for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
+                       model_print(" [P%u] ", i);
+                       (*promises)[i]->print();
+               }
+               model_print("\n");
+       }
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2807,6 +2962,26 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::get_thread(const ModelAction *act) const
        return get_thread(act->get_tid());
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Get a Promise's "promise number"
+ *
+ * A "promise number" is an index number that is unique to a promise, valid
+ * only for a specific snapshot of an execution trace. Promises may come and go
+ * as they are generated an resolved, so an index only retains meaning for the
+ * current snapshot.
+ *
+ * @param promise The Promise to check
+ * @return The promise index, if the promise still is valid; otherwise -1
+ */
+int ModelChecker::get_promise_number(const Promise *promise) const
+{
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++)
+               if ((*promises)[i] == promise)
+                       return i;
+       /* Not found */
+       return -1;
+}
+
 /**
  * @brief Check if a Thread is currently enabled
  * @param t The Thread to check
@@ -2891,7 +3066,11 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::take_step(ModelAction *curr)
        if (curr_thrd->is_blocked() || curr_thrd->is_complete())
                scheduler->remove_thread(curr_thrd);
 
-       Thread *next_thrd = get_next_thread(curr);
+       Thread *next_thrd = NULL;
+       if (curr)
+               next_thrd = action_select_next_thread(curr);
+       if (!next_thrd)
+               next_thrd = get_next_thread();
 
        DEBUG("(%d, %d)\n", curr_thrd ? id_to_int(curr_thrd->get_id()) : -1,
                        next_thrd ? id_to_int(next_thrd->get_id()) : -1);
@@ -2925,6 +3104,8 @@ void ModelChecker::run()
                                Thread *thr = get_thread(tid);
                                if (!thr->is_model_thread() && !thr->is_complete() && !thr->get_pending()) {
                                        switch_from_master(thr);
+                                       if (is_circular_wait(thr))
+                                               assert_bug("Deadlock detected");
                                }
                        }