model: bugfix - inherit future values from previous loads
[c11tester.git] / model.cc
index 478d1e3b4af2fb26000f9c936400c791c02eada1..ae3788945c7756881178b1657bb215cf5a71901a 100644 (file)
--- a/model.cc
+++ b/model.cc
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ struct bug_message {
  */
 struct model_snapshot_members {
        model_snapshot_members() :
-               current_action(NULL),
                /* First thread created will have id INITIAL_THREAD_ID */
                next_thread_id(INITIAL_THREAD_ID),
                used_sequence_numbers(0),
@@ -48,6 +47,7 @@ struct model_snapshot_members {
                stats(),
                failed_promise(false),
                too_many_reads(false),
+               no_valid_reads(false),
                bad_synchronization(false),
                asserted(false)
        { }
@@ -58,7 +58,6 @@ struct model_snapshot_members {
                bugs.clear();
        }
 
-       ModelAction *current_action;
        unsigned int next_thread_id;
        modelclock_t used_sequence_numbers;
        ModelAction *next_backtrack;
@@ -66,6 +65,7 @@ struct model_snapshot_members {
        struct execution_stats stats;
        bool failed_promise;
        bool too_many_reads;
+       bool no_valid_reads;
        /** @brief Incorrectly-ordered synchronization was made */
        bool bad_synchronization;
        bool asserted;
@@ -159,7 +159,15 @@ void ModelChecker::reset_to_initial_state()
        /* Print all model-checker output before rollback */
        fflush(model_out);
 
-       snapshotObject->backTrackBeforeStep(0);
+       /**
+        * FIXME: if we utilize partial rollback, we will need to free only
+        * those pending actions which were NOT pending before the rollback
+        * point
+        */
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num_threads(); i++)
+               delete get_thread(int_to_id(i))->get_pending();
+
+       snapshot_backtrack_before(0);
 }
 
 /** @return a thread ID for a new Thread */
@@ -174,7 +182,12 @@ unsigned int ModelChecker::get_num_threads() const
        return priv->next_thread_id;
 }
 
-/** @return The currently executing Thread. */
+/**
+ * Must be called from user-thread context (e.g., through the global
+ * thread_current() interface)
+ *
+ * @return The currently executing Thread.
+ */
 Thread * ModelChecker::get_current_thread() const
 {
        return scheduler->get_current_thread();
@@ -198,11 +211,14 @@ Node * ModelChecker::get_curr_node() const
  * adjacency of read/write portions of a RMW action, force THREAD_CREATE to be
  * followed by a THREAD_START, or it can enforce execution replay/backtracking.
  * The model-checker may have no preference regarding the next thread (i.e.,
- * when exploring a new execution ordering), in which case this will return
- * NULL.
- * @param curr The current ModelAction. This action might guide the choice of
- * next thread.
- * @return The next thread to run. If the model-checker has no preference, NULL.
+ * when exploring a new execution ordering), in which case we defer to the
+ * scheduler.
+ *
+ * @param curr Optional: The current ModelAction. Only used if non-NULL and it
+ * might guide the choice of next thread (i.e., THREAD_CREATE should be
+ * followed by THREAD_START, or ATOMIC_RMWR followed by ATOMIC_{RMW,RMWC})
+ * @return The next chosen thread to run, if any exist. Or else if no threads
+ * remain to be executed, return NULL.
  */
 Thread * ModelChecker::get_next_thread(ModelAction *curr)
 {
@@ -211,15 +227,17 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::get_next_thread(ModelAction *curr)
        if (curr != NULL) {
                /* Do not split atomic actions. */
                if (curr->is_rmwr())
-                       return thread_current();
-               /* The THREAD_CREATE action points to the created Thread */
+                       return get_thread(curr);
                else if (curr->get_type() == THREAD_CREATE)
-                       return (Thread *)curr->get_location();
+                       return curr->get_thread_operand();
        }
 
-       /* Have we completed exploring the preselected path? */
+       /*
+        * Have we completed exploring the preselected path? Then let the
+        * scheduler decide
+        */
        if (diverge == NULL)
-               return NULL;
+               return scheduler->select_next_thread();
 
        /* Else, we are trying to replay an execution */
        ModelAction *next = node_stack->get_next()->get_action();
@@ -254,8 +272,9 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::get_next_thread(ModelAction *curr)
                        tid = next->get_tid();
                        node_stack->pop_restofstack(2);
                } else {
+                       ASSERT(prevnode);
                        /* Make a different thread execute for next step */
-                       scheduler->add_sleep(thread_map->get(id_to_int(next->get_tid())));
+                       scheduler->add_sleep(get_thread(next->get_tid()));
                        tid = prevnode->get_next_backtrack();
                        /* Make sure the backtracked thread isn't sleeping. */
                        node_stack->pop_restofstack(1);
@@ -288,24 +307,47 @@ void ModelChecker::execute_sleep_set()
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num_threads(); i++) {
                thread_id_t tid = int_to_id(i);
                Thread *thr = get_thread(tid);
-               if (scheduler->is_sleep_set(thr) && thr->get_pending() == NULL) {
-                       thr->set_state(THREAD_RUNNING);
-                       scheduler->next_thread(thr);
-                       Thread::swap(&system_context, thr);
-                       priv->current_action->set_sleep_flag();
-                       thr->set_pending(priv->current_action);
+               if (scheduler->is_sleep_set(thr) && thr->get_pending()) {
+                       thr->get_pending()->set_sleep_flag();
                }
        }
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Should the current action wake up a given thread?
+ *
+ * @param curr The current action
+ * @param thread The thread that we might wake up
+ * @return True, if we should wake up the sleeping thread; false otherwise
+ */
+bool ModelChecker::should_wake_up(const ModelAction *curr, const Thread *thread) const
+{
+       const ModelAction *asleep = thread->get_pending();
+       /* Don't allow partial RMW to wake anyone up */
+       if (curr->is_rmwr())
+               return false;
+       /* Synchronizing actions may have been backtracked */
+       if (asleep->could_synchronize_with(curr))
+               return true;
+       /* All acquire/release fences and fence-acquire/store-release */
+       if (asleep->is_fence() && asleep->is_acquire() && curr->is_release())
+               return true;
+       /* Fence-release + store can awake load-acquire on the same location */
+       if (asleep->is_read() && asleep->is_acquire() && curr->same_var(asleep) && curr->is_write()) {
+               ModelAction *fence_release = get_last_fence_release(curr->get_tid());
+               if (fence_release && *(get_last_action(thread->get_id())) < *fence_release)
+                       return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
 void ModelChecker::wake_up_sleeping_actions(ModelAction *curr)
 {
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num_threads(); i++) {
                Thread *thr = get_thread(int_to_id(i));
                if (scheduler->is_sleep_set(thr)) {
-                       ModelAction *pending_act = thr->get_pending();
-                       if ((!curr->is_rmwr()) && pending_act->could_synchronize_with(curr))
-                               //Remove this thread from sleep set
+                       if (should_wake_up(curr, thr))
+                               /* Remove this thread from sleep set */
                                scheduler->remove_sleep(thr);
                }
        }
@@ -318,11 +360,22 @@ void ModelChecker::set_bad_synchronization()
        priv->bad_synchronization = true;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Check whether the current trace has triggered an assertion which should halt
+ * its execution.
+ *
+ * @return True, if the execution should be aborted; false otherwise
+ */
 bool ModelChecker::has_asserted() const
 {
        return priv->asserted;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Trigger a trace assertion which should cause this execution to be halted.
+ * This can be due to a detected bug or due to an infeasibility that should
+ * halt ASAP.
+ */
 void ModelChecker::set_assert()
 {
        priv->asserted = true;
@@ -519,25 +572,118 @@ bool ModelChecker::next_execution()
        return true;
 }
 
-ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_last_conflict(ModelAction *act)
+/**
+ * @brief Find the last fence-related backtracking conflict for a ModelAction
+ *
+ * This function performs the search for the most recent conflicting action
+ * against which we should perform backtracking, as affected by fence
+ * operations. This includes pairs of potentially-synchronizing actions which
+ * occur due to fence-acquire or fence-release, and hence should be explored in
+ * the opposite execution order.
+ *
+ * @param act The current action
+ * @return The most recent action which conflicts with act due to fences
+ */
+ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_last_fence_conflict(ModelAction *act) const
+{
+       /* Only perform release/acquire fence backtracking for stores */
+       if (!act->is_write())
+               return NULL;
+
+       /* Find a fence-release (or, act is a release) */
+       ModelAction *last_release;
+       if (act->is_release())
+               last_release = act;
+       else
+               last_release = get_last_fence_release(act->get_tid());
+       if (!last_release)
+               return NULL;
+
+       /* Skip past the release */
+       action_list_t *list = action_trace;
+       action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit;
+       for (rit = list->rbegin(); rit != list->rend(); rit++)
+               if (*rit == last_release)
+                       break;
+       ASSERT(rit != list->rend());
+
+       /* Find a prior:
+        *   load-acquire
+        * or
+        *   load --sb-> fence-acquire */
+       std::vector< ModelAction *, ModelAlloc<ModelAction *> > acquire_fences(get_num_threads(), NULL);
+       std::vector< ModelAction *, ModelAlloc<ModelAction *> > prior_loads(get_num_threads(), NULL);
+       bool found_acquire_fences = false;
+       for ( ; rit != list->rend(); rit++) {
+               ModelAction *prev = *rit;
+               if (act->same_thread(prev))
+                       continue;
+
+               int tid = id_to_int(prev->get_tid());
+
+               if (prev->is_read() && act->same_var(prev)) {
+                       if (prev->is_acquire()) {
+                               /* Found most recent load-acquire, don't need
+                                * to search for more fences */
+                               if (!found_acquire_fences)
+                                       return NULL;
+                       } else {
+                               prior_loads[tid] = prev;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (prev->is_acquire() && prev->is_fence() && !acquire_fences[tid]) {
+                       found_acquire_fences = true;
+                       acquire_fences[tid] = prev;
+               }
+       }
+
+       ModelAction *latest_backtrack = NULL;
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < acquire_fences.size(); i++)
+               if (acquire_fences[i] && prior_loads[i])
+                       if (!latest_backtrack || *latest_backtrack < *acquire_fences[i])
+                               latest_backtrack = acquire_fences[i];
+       return latest_backtrack;
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Find the last backtracking conflict for a ModelAction
+ *
+ * This function performs the search for the most recent conflicting action
+ * against which we should perform backtracking. This primary includes pairs of
+ * synchronizing actions which should be explored in the opposite execution
+ * order.
+ *
+ * @param act The current action
+ * @return The most recent action which conflicts with act
+ */
+ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_last_conflict(ModelAction *act) const
 {
        switch (act->get_type()) {
-       case ATOMIC_FENCE:
+       /* case ATOMIC_FENCE: fences don't directly cause backtracking */
        case ATOMIC_READ:
        case ATOMIC_WRITE:
        case ATOMIC_RMW: {
-               /* Optimization: relaxed operations don't need backtracking */
-               if (act->is_relaxed())
-                       return NULL;
+               ModelAction *ret = NULL;
+
                /* linear search: from most recent to oldest */
                action_list_t *list = get_safe_ptr_action(obj_map, act->get_location());
                action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit;
                for (rit = list->rbegin(); rit != list->rend(); rit++) {
                        ModelAction *prev = *rit;
-                       if (prev->could_synchronize_with(act))
-                               return prev;
+                       if (prev->could_synchronize_with(act)) {
+                               ret = prev;
+                               break;
+                       }
                }
-               break;
+
+               ModelAction *ret2 = get_last_fence_conflict(act);
+               if (!ret2)
+                       return ret;
+               if (!ret)
+                       return ret2;
+               if (*ret < *ret2)
+                       return ret2;
+               return ret;
        }
        case ATOMIC_LOCK:
        case ATOMIC_TRYLOCK: {
@@ -557,7 +703,7 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_last_conflict(ModelAction *act)
                action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit;
                for (rit = list->rbegin(); rit != list->rend(); rit++) {
                        ModelAction *prev = *rit;
-                       if (!act->same_thread(prev)&&prev->is_failed_trylock())
+                       if (!act->same_thread(prev) && prev->is_failed_trylock())
                                return prev;
                }
                break;
@@ -568,9 +714,9 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_last_conflict(ModelAction *act)
                action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit;
                for (rit = list->rbegin(); rit != list->rend(); rit++) {
                        ModelAction *prev = *rit;
-                       if (!act->same_thread(prev)&&prev->is_failed_trylock())
+                       if (!act->same_thread(prev) && prev->is_failed_trylock())
                                return prev;
-                       if (!act->same_thread(prev)&&prev->is_notify())
+                       if (!act->same_thread(prev) && prev->is_notify())
                                return prev;
                }
                break;
@@ -583,7 +729,7 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::get_last_conflict(ModelAction *act)
                action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit;
                for (rit = list->rbegin(); rit != list->rend(); rit++) {
                        ModelAction *prev = *rit;
-                       if (!act->same_thread(prev)&&prev->is_wait())
+                       if (!act->same_thread(prev) && prev->is_wait())
                                return prev;
                }
                break;
@@ -609,7 +755,7 @@ void ModelChecker::set_backtracking(ModelAction *act)
        Node *node = prev->get_node()->get_parent();
 
        int low_tid, high_tid;
-       if (node->is_enabled(t)) {
+       if (node->enabled_status(t->get_id()) == THREAD_ENABLED) {
                low_tid = id_to_int(act->get_tid());
                high_tid = low_tid + 1;
        } else {
@@ -617,7 +763,7 @@ void ModelChecker::set_backtracking(ModelAction *act)
                high_tid = get_num_threads();
        }
 
-       for(int i = low_tid; i < high_tid; i++) {
+       for (int i = low_tid; i < high_tid; i++) {
                thread_id_t tid = int_to_id(i);
 
                /* Make sure this thread can be enabled here. */
@@ -646,8 +792,7 @@ void ModelChecker::set_backtracking(ModelAction *act)
                                continue;
                }
                /* Cache the latest backtracking point */
-               if (!priv->next_backtrack || *prev > *priv->next_backtrack)
-                       priv->next_backtrack = prev;
+               set_latest_backtrack(prev);
 
                /* If this is a new backtracking point, mark the tree */
                if (!node->set_backtrack(tid))
@@ -662,6 +807,26 @@ void ModelChecker::set_backtracking(ModelAction *act)
        }
 }
 
+/**
+ * @brief Cache the a backtracking point as the "most recent", if eligible
+ *
+ * Note that this does not prepare the NodeStack for this backtracking
+ * operation, it only caches the action on a per-execution basis
+ *
+ * @param act The operation at which we should explore a different next action
+ * (i.e., backtracking point)
+ * @return True, if this action is now the most recent backtracking point;
+ * false otherwise
+ */
+bool ModelChecker::set_latest_backtrack(ModelAction *act)
+{
+       if (!priv->next_backtrack || *act > *priv->next_backtrack) {
+               priv->next_backtrack = act;
+               return true;
+       }
+       return false;
+}
+
 /**
  * Returns last backtracking point. The model checker will explore a different
  * path for this point in the next execution.
@@ -697,8 +862,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_read(ModelAction *curr, bool second_part_of_rmw)
                                r_status = r_modification_order(curr, reads_from);
                        }
 
-
-                       if (!second_part_of_rmw&&is_infeasible()&&(curr->get_node()->increment_read_from()||curr->get_node()->increment_future_value())) {
+                       if (!second_part_of_rmw && is_infeasible() && (curr->get_node()->increment_read_from() || curr->get_node()->increment_future_value())) {
                                mo_graph->rollbackChanges();
                                priv->too_many_reads = false;
                                continue;
@@ -706,16 +870,19 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_read(ModelAction *curr, bool second_part_of_rmw)
 
                        read_from(curr, reads_from);
                        mo_graph->commitChanges();
-                       mo_check_promises(curr->get_tid(), reads_from);
+                       mo_check_promises(curr, true);
 
                        updated |= r_status;
                } else if (!second_part_of_rmw) {
                        /* Read from future value */
-                       value = curr->get_node()->get_future_value();
-                       modelclock_t expiration = curr->get_node()->get_future_value_expiration();
-                       curr->set_read_from(NULL);
-                       Promise *valuepromise = new Promise(curr, value, expiration);
-                       promises->push_back(valuepromise);
+                       struct future_value fv = curr->get_node()->get_future_value();
+                       Promise *promise = new Promise(curr, fv);
+                       value = fv.value;
+                       curr->set_read_from_promise(promise);
+                       promises->push_back(promise);
+                       mo_graph->startChanges();
+                       updated = r_modification_order(curr, promise);
+                       mo_graph->commitChanges();
                }
                get_thread(curr)->set_return_value(value);
                return updated;
@@ -746,7 +913,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_mutex(ModelAction *curr)
        if (curr->is_trylock() || curr->is_lock() || curr->is_unlock()) {
                mutex = (std::mutex *)curr->get_location();
                state = mutex->get_state();
-       } else if(curr->is_wait()) {
+       } else if (curr->is_wait()) {
                mutex = (std::mutex *)curr->get_value();
                state = mutex->get_state();
        }
@@ -800,7 +967,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_mutex(ModelAction *curr)
                if (curr->get_node()->get_misc() == 0) {
                        get_safe_ptr_action(condvar_waiters_map, curr->get_location())->push_back(curr);
                        //disable us
-                       scheduler->sleep(get_current_thread());
+                       scheduler->sleep(get_thread(curr));
                }
                break;
        }
@@ -829,6 +996,27 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_mutex(ModelAction *curr)
        return false;
 }
 
+void ModelChecker::add_future_value(const ModelAction *writer, ModelAction *reader)
+{
+       /* Do more ambitious checks now that mo is more complete */
+       if (mo_may_allow(writer, reader)) {
+               Node *node = reader->get_node();
+
+               /* Find an ancestor thread which exists at the time of the reader */
+               Thread *write_thread = get_thread(writer);
+               while (id_to_int(write_thread->get_id()) >= node->get_num_threads())
+                       write_thread = write_thread->get_parent();
+
+               struct future_value fv = {
+                       writer->get_value(),
+                       writer->get_seq_number() + params.maxfuturedelay,
+                       write_thread->get_id(),
+               };
+               if (node->add_future_value(fv))
+                       set_latest_backtrack(reader);
+       }
+}
+
 /**
  * Process a write ModelAction
  * @param curr The ModelAction to process
@@ -842,17 +1030,13 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_write(ModelAction *curr)
        if (promises->size() == 0) {
                for (unsigned int i = 0; i < futurevalues->size(); i++) {
                        struct PendingFutureValue pfv = (*futurevalues)[i];
-                       //Do more ambitious checks now that mo is more complete
-                       if (mo_may_allow(pfv.writer, pfv.act)&&
-                                       pfv.act->get_node()->add_future_value(pfv.writer->get_value(), pfv.writer->get_seq_number()+params.maxfuturedelay) &&
-                                       (!priv->next_backtrack || *pfv.act > *priv->next_backtrack))
-                               priv->next_backtrack = pfv.act;
+                       add_future_value(pfv.writer, pfv.act);
                }
-               futurevalues->resize(0);
+               futurevalues->clear();
        }
 
        mo_graph->commitChanges();
-       mo_check_promises(curr->get_tid(), curr);
+       mo_check_promises(curr, false);
 
        get_thread(curr)->set_return_value(VALUE_NONE);
        return updated_mod_order || updated_promises;
@@ -925,12 +1109,21 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_thread_action(ModelAction *curr)
 
        switch (curr->get_type()) {
        case THREAD_CREATE: {
-               Thread *th = (Thread *)curr->get_location();
+               thrd_t *thrd = (thrd_t *)curr->get_location();
+               struct thread_params *params = (struct thread_params *)curr->get_value();
+               Thread *th = new Thread(thrd, params->func, params->arg);
+               add_thread(th);
                th->set_creation(curr);
+               /* Promises can be satisfied by children */
+               for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
+                       Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
+                       if (promise->thread_is_available(curr->get_tid()))
+                               promise->add_thread(th->get_id());
+               }
                break;
        }
        case THREAD_JOIN: {
-               Thread *blocking = (Thread *)curr->get_location();
+               Thread *blocking = curr->get_thread_operand();
                ModelAction *act = get_last_action(blocking->get_id());
                curr->synchronize_with(act);
                updated = true; /* trigger rel-seq checks */
@@ -943,6 +1136,13 @@ bool ModelChecker::process_thread_action(ModelAction *curr)
                        scheduler->wake(get_thread(act));
                }
                th->complete();
+               /* Completed thread can't satisfy promises */
+               for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
+                       Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
+                       if (promise->thread_is_available(th->get_id()))
+                               if (promise->eliminate_thread(th->get_id()))
+                                       priv->failed_promise = true;
+               }
                updated = true; /* trigger rel-seq checks */
                break;
        }
@@ -1155,16 +1355,6 @@ bool ModelChecker::check_action_enabled(ModelAction *curr) {
        return true;
 }
 
-/**
- * Stores the ModelAction for the current thread action.  Call this
- * immediately before switching from user- to system-context to pass
- * data between them.
- * @param act The ModelAction created by the user-thread action
- */
-void ModelChecker::set_current_action(ModelAction *act) {
-       priv->current_action = act;
-}
-
 /**
  * This is the heart of the model checker routine. It performs model-checking
  * actions corresponding to a given "current action." Among other processes, it
@@ -1173,11 +1363,10 @@ void ModelChecker::set_current_action(ModelAction *act) {
  * execution when running permutations of previously-observed executions.
  *
  * @param curr The current action to process
- * @return The next Thread that must be executed. May be NULL if ModelChecker
- * makes no choice (e.g., according to replay execution, combining RMW actions,
- * etc.)
+ * @return The ModelAction that is actually executed; may be different than
+ * curr; may be NULL, if the current action is not enabled to run
  */
-Thread * ModelChecker::check_current_action(ModelAction *curr)
+ModelAction * ModelChecker::check_current_action(ModelAction *curr)
 {
        ASSERT(curr);
        bool second_part_of_rmw = curr->is_rmwc() || curr->is_rmw();
@@ -1185,13 +1374,17 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::check_current_action(ModelAction *curr)
        if (!check_action_enabled(curr)) {
                /* Make the execution look like we chose to run this action
                 * much later, when a lock/join can succeed */
-               get_current_thread()->set_pending(curr);
-               scheduler->sleep(get_current_thread());
-               return get_next_thread(NULL);
+               get_thread(curr)->set_pending(curr);
+               scheduler->sleep(get_thread(curr));
+               return NULL;
        }
 
        bool newly_explored = initialize_curr_action(&curr);
 
+       DBG();
+       if (DBG_ENABLED())
+               curr->print();
+
        wake_up_sleeping_actions(curr);
 
        /* Add the action to lists before any other model-checking tasks */
@@ -1200,7 +1393,7 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::check_current_action(ModelAction *curr)
 
        /* Build may_read_from set for newly-created actions */
        if (newly_explored && curr->is_read())
-               build_reads_from_past(curr);
+               build_may_read_from(curr);
 
        /* Initialize work_queue with the "current action" work */
        work_queue_t work_queue(1, CheckCurrWorkEntry(curr));
@@ -1248,8 +1441,14 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::check_current_action(ModelAction *curr)
 
                        if (act->is_read()) {
                                const ModelAction *rf = act->get_reads_from();
-                               if (rf != NULL && r_modification_order(act, rf))
-                                       updated = true;
+                               const Promise *promise = act->get_reads_from_promise();
+                               if (rf) {
+                                       if (r_modification_order(act, rf))
+                                               updated = true;
+                               } else if (promise) {
+                                       if (r_modification_order(act, promise))
+                                               updated = true;
+                               }
                        }
                        if (act->is_write()) {
                                if (w_modification_order(act))
@@ -1269,7 +1468,7 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::check_current_action(ModelAction *curr)
 
        check_curr_backtracking(curr);
        set_backtracking(curr);
-       return get_next_thread(curr);
+       return curr;
 }
 
 void ModelChecker::check_curr_backtracking(ModelAction *curr)
@@ -1277,15 +1476,13 @@ void ModelChecker::check_curr_backtracking(ModelAction *curr)
        Node *currnode = curr->get_node();
        Node *parnode = currnode->get_parent();
 
-       if ((!parnode->backtrack_empty() ||
+       if ((parnode && !parnode->backtrack_empty()) ||
                         !currnode->misc_empty() ||
                         !currnode->read_from_empty() ||
                         !currnode->future_value_empty() ||
                         !currnode->promise_empty() ||
-                        !currnode->relseq_break_empty())
-                       && (!priv->next_backtrack ||
-                                       *curr > *priv->next_backtrack)) {
-               priv->next_backtrack = curr;
+                        !currnode->relseq_break_empty()) {
+               set_latest_backtrack(curr);
        }
 }
 
@@ -1309,15 +1506,39 @@ bool ModelChecker::isfeasibleprefix() const
        return pending_rel_seqs->size() == 0 && is_feasible_prefix_ignore_relseq();
 }
 
+/**
+ * Print disagnostic information about an infeasible execution
+ * @param prefix A string to prefix the output with; if NULL, then a default
+ * message prefix will be provided
+ */
+void ModelChecker::print_infeasibility(const char *prefix) const
+{
+       char buf[100];
+       char *ptr = buf;
+       if (mo_graph->checkForCycles())
+               ptr += sprintf(ptr, "[mo cycle]");
+       if (priv->failed_promise)
+               ptr += sprintf(ptr, "[failed promise]");
+       if (priv->too_many_reads)
+               ptr += sprintf(ptr, "[too many reads]");
+       if (priv->no_valid_reads)
+               ptr += sprintf(ptr, "[no valid reads-from]");
+       if (priv->bad_synchronization)
+               ptr += sprintf(ptr, "[bad sw ordering]");
+       if (promises_expired())
+               ptr += sprintf(ptr, "[promise expired]");
+       if (promises->size() != 0)
+               ptr += sprintf(ptr, "[unresolved promise]");
+       if (ptr != buf)
+               model_print("%s: %s\n", prefix ? prefix : "Infeasible", buf);
+}
+
 /**
  * Returns whether the current completed trace is feasible, except for pending
  * release sequences.
  */
 bool ModelChecker::is_feasible_prefix_ignore_relseq() const
 {
-       if (DBG_ENABLED() && promises->size() != 0)
-               DEBUG("Infeasible: unrevolved promises\n");
-
        return !is_infeasible() && promises->size() == 0;
 }
 
@@ -1329,36 +1550,11 @@ bool ModelChecker::is_feasible_prefix_ignore_relseq() const
  */
 bool ModelChecker::is_infeasible() const
 {
-       if (DBG_ENABLED() && mo_graph->checkForRMWViolation())
-               DEBUG("Infeasible: RMW violation\n");
-
-       return mo_graph->checkForRMWViolation() || is_infeasible_ignoreRMW();
-}
-
-/**
- * Check If the current partial trace is infeasible, while ignoring
- * infeasibility related to 2 RMW's reading from the same store. It does not
- * check end-of-execution feasibility.
- * @see ModelChecker::is_infeasible
- * @return whether the current partial trace is infeasible, ignoring multiple
- * RMWs reading from the same store.
- * */
-bool ModelChecker::is_infeasible_ignoreRMW() const
-{
-       if (DBG_ENABLED()) {
-               if (mo_graph->checkForCycles())
-                       DEBUG("Infeasible: modification order cycles\n");
-               if (priv->failed_promise)
-                       DEBUG("Infeasible: failed promise\n");
-               if (priv->too_many_reads)
-                       DEBUG("Infeasible: too many reads\n");
-               if (priv->bad_synchronization)
-                       DEBUG("Infeasible: bad synchronization ordering\n");
-               if (promises_expired())
-                       DEBUG("Infeasible: promises expired\n");
-       }
-       return mo_graph->checkForCycles() || priv->failed_promise ||
-               priv->too_many_reads || priv->bad_synchronization ||
+       return mo_graph->checkForCycles() ||
+               priv->no_valid_reads ||
+               priv->failed_promise ||
+               priv->too_many_reads ||
+               priv->bad_synchronization ||
                promises_expired();
 }
 
@@ -1366,8 +1562,11 @@ bool ModelChecker::is_infeasible_ignoreRMW() const
 ModelAction * ModelChecker::process_rmw(ModelAction *act) {
        ModelAction *lastread = get_last_action(act->get_tid());
        lastread->process_rmw(act);
-       if (act->is_rmw() && lastread->get_reads_from() != NULL) {
-               mo_graph->addRMWEdge(lastread->get_reads_from(), lastread);
+       if (act->is_rmw()) {
+               if (lastread->get_reads_from())
+                       mo_graph->addRMWEdge(lastread->get_reads_from(), lastread);
+               else
+                       mo_graph->addRMWEdge(lastread->get_reads_from_promise(), lastread);
                mo_graph->commitChanges();
        }
        return lastread;
@@ -1411,7 +1610,7 @@ void ModelChecker::check_recency(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf)
                action_list_t::reverse_iterator ritcopy = rit;
                //See if we have enough reads from the same value
                int count = 0;
-               for (; count < params.maxreads; rit++,count++) {
+               for (; count < params.maxreads; rit++, count++) {
                        if (rit == list->rend())
                                return;
                        ModelAction *act = *rit;
@@ -1431,23 +1630,19 @@ void ModelChecker::check_recency(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf)
                        if (write == rf)
                                continue;
 
-                       /* Test to see whether this is a feasible write to read from*/
-                       mo_graph->startChanges();
-                       r_modification_order(curr, write);
-                       bool feasiblereadfrom = !is_infeasible();
-                       mo_graph->rollbackChanges();
+                       /* Test to see whether this is a feasible write to read from */
+                       /** NOTE: all members of read-from set should be
+                        *  feasible, so we no longer check it here **/
 
-                       if (!feasiblereadfrom)
-                               continue;
                        rit = ritcopy;
 
                        bool feasiblewrite = true;
                        //new we need to see if this write works for everyone
 
-                       for (int loop = count; loop>0; loop--,rit++) {
+                       for (int loop = count; loop > 0; loop--, rit++) {
                                ModelAction *act = *rit;
                                bool foundvalue = false;
-                               for (int j = 0; j<act->get_node()->get_read_from_size(); j++) {
+                               for (int j = 0; j < act->get_node()->get_read_from_size(); j++) {
                                        if (act->get_node()->get_read_from_at(j) == write) {
                                                foundvalue = true;
                                                break;
@@ -1471,7 +1666,7 @@ void ModelChecker::check_recency(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf)
  * read.
  *
  * Basic idea is the following: Go through each other thread and find
- * the lastest action that happened before our read.  Two cases:
+ * the last action that happened before our read.  Two cases:
  *
  * (1) The action is a write => that write must either occur before
  * the write we read from or be the write we read from.
@@ -1480,10 +1675,11 @@ void ModelChecker::check_recency(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf)
  * must occur before the write we read from or be the same write.
  *
  * @param curr The current action. Must be a read.
- * @param rf The action that curr reads from. Must be a write.
+ * @param rf The ModelAction or Promise that curr reads from. Must be a write.
  * @return True if modification order edges were added; false otherwise
  */
-bool ModelChecker::r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf)
+template <typename rf_type>
+bool ModelChecker::r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const rf_type *rf)
 {
        std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
        unsigned int i;
@@ -1511,26 +1707,23 @@ bool ModelChecker::r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf
                for (rit = list->rbegin(); rit != list->rend(); rit++) {
                        ModelAction *act = *rit;
 
-                       if (act->is_write() && act != rf && act != curr) {
+                       if (act->is_write() && !act->equals(rf) && act != curr) {
                                /* C++, Section 29.3 statement 5 */
                                if (curr->is_seqcst() && last_sc_fence_thread_local &&
                                                *act < *last_sc_fence_thread_local) {
-                                       mo_graph->addEdge(act, rf);
-                                       added = true;
+                                       added = mo_graph->addEdge(act, rf) || added;
                                        break;
                                }
                                /* C++, Section 29.3 statement 4 */
                                else if (act->is_seqcst() && last_sc_fence_local &&
                                                *act < *last_sc_fence_local) {
-                                       mo_graph->addEdge(act, rf);
-                                       added = true;
+                                       added = mo_graph->addEdge(act, rf) || added;
                                        break;
                                }
                                /* C++, Section 29.3 statement 6 */
                                else if (last_sc_fence_thread_before &&
                                                *act < *last_sc_fence_thread_before) {
-                                       mo_graph->addEdge(act, rf);
-                                       added = true;
+                                       added = mo_graph->addEdge(act, rf) || added;
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
@@ -1541,9 +1734,8 @@ bool ModelChecker::r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf
                         */
                        if (act->happens_before(curr) && act != curr) {
                                if (act->is_write()) {
-                                       if (rf != act) {
-                                               mo_graph->addEdge(act, rf);
-                                               added = true;
+                                       if (!act->equals(rf)) {
+                                               added = mo_graph->addEdge(act, rf) || added;
                                        }
                                } else {
                                        const ModelAction *prevreadfrom = act->get_reads_from();
@@ -1551,9 +1743,8 @@ bool ModelChecker::r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf
                                        if (prevreadfrom == NULL)
                                                continue;
 
-                                       if (rf != prevreadfrom) {
-                                               mo_graph->addEdge(prevreadfrom, rf);
-                                               added = true;
+                                       if (!prevreadfrom->equals(rf)) {
+                                               added = mo_graph->addEdge(prevreadfrom, rf) || added;
                                        }
                                }
                                break;
@@ -1561,71 +1752,15 @@ bool ModelChecker::r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf
                }
        }
 
-       return added;
-}
-
-/** This method fixes up the modification order when we resolve a
- *  promises.  The basic problem is that actions that occur after the
- *  read curr could not property add items to the modification order
- *  for our read.
- *
- *  So for each thread, we find the earliest item that happens after
- *  the read curr.  This is the item we have to fix up with additional
- *  constraints.  If that action is write, we add a MO edge between
- *  the Action rf and that action.  If the action is a read, we add a
- *  MO edge between the Action rf, and whatever the read accessed.
- *
- * @param curr is the read ModelAction that we are fixing up MO edges for.
- * @param rf is the write ModelAction that curr reads from.
- *
- */
-void ModelChecker::post_r_modification_order(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *rf)
-{
-       std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
-       unsigned int i;
-       ASSERT(curr->is_read());
-
-       /* Iterate over all threads */
-       for (i = 0; i < thrd_lists->size(); i++) {
-               /* Iterate over actions in thread, starting from most recent */
-               action_list_t *list = &(*thrd_lists)[i];
-               action_list_t::reverse_iterator rit;
-               ModelAction *lastact = NULL;
-
-               /* Find last action that happens after curr that is either not curr or a rmw */
-               for (rit = list->rbegin(); rit != list->rend(); rit++) {
-                       ModelAction *act = *rit;
-                       if (curr->happens_before(act) && (curr != act || curr->is_rmw())) {
-                               lastact = act;
-                       } else
-                               break;
-               }
+       /*
+        * All compatible, thread-exclusive promises must be ordered after any
+        * concrete loads from the same thread
+        */
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++)
+               if ((*promises)[i]->is_compatible_exclusive(curr))
+                       added = mo_graph->addEdge(rf, (*promises)[i]) || added;
 
-                       /* Include at most one act per-thread that "happens before" curr */
-               if (lastact != NULL) {
-                       if (lastact== curr) {
-                               //Case 1: The resolved read is a RMW, and we need to make sure
-                               //that the write portion of the RMW mod order after rf
-
-                               mo_graph->addEdge(rf, lastact);
-                       } else if (lastact->is_read()) {
-                               //Case 2: The resolved read is a normal read and the next
-                               //operation is a read, and we need to make sure the value read
-                               //is mod ordered after rf
-
-                               const ModelAction *postreadfrom = lastact->get_reads_from();
-                               if (postreadfrom != NULL && rf != postreadfrom)
-                                       mo_graph->addEdge(rf, postreadfrom);
-                       } else {
-                               //Case 3: The resolved read is a normal read and the next
-                               //operation is a write, and we need to make sure that the
-                               //write is mod ordered after rf
-                               if (lastact != rf)
-                                       mo_graph->addEdge(rf, lastact);
-                       }
-                       break;
-               }
-       }
+       return added;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1662,8 +1797,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::w_modification_order(ModelAction *curr)
                         so we are initialized. */
                ModelAction *last_seq_cst = get_last_seq_cst_write(curr);
                if (last_seq_cst != NULL) {
-                       mo_graph->addEdge(last_seq_cst, curr);
-                       added = true;
+                       added = mo_graph->addEdge(last_seq_cst, curr) || added;
                }
        }
 
@@ -1706,8 +1840,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::w_modification_order(ModelAction *curr)
                        /* C++, Section 29.3 statement 7 */
                        if (last_sc_fence_thread_before && act->is_write() &&
                                        *act < *last_sc_fence_thread_before) {
-                               mo_graph->addEdge(act, curr);
-                               added = true;
+                               added = mo_graph->addEdge(act, curr) || added;
                                break;
                        }
 
@@ -1723,14 +1856,13 @@ bool ModelChecker::w_modification_order(ModelAction *curr)
                                 *   readfrom(act) --mo--> act
                                 */
                                if (act->is_write())
-                                       mo_graph->addEdge(act, curr);
+                                       added = mo_graph->addEdge(act, curr) || added;
                                else if (act->is_read()) {
                                        //if previous read accessed a null, just keep going
                                        if (act->get_reads_from() == NULL)
                                                continue;
-                                       mo_graph->addEdge(act->get_reads_from(), curr);
+                                       added = mo_graph->addEdge(act->get_reads_from(), curr) || added;
                                }
-                               added = true;
                                break;
                        } else if (act->is_read() && !act->could_synchronize_with(curr) &&
                                                     !act->same_thread(curr)) {
@@ -1747,16 +1879,24 @@ bool ModelChecker::w_modification_order(ModelAction *curr)
 
                                 */
                                if (thin_air_constraint_may_allow(curr, act)) {
-                                       if (!is_infeasible() ||
-                                                       (curr->is_rmw() && act->is_rmw() && curr->get_reads_from() == act->get_reads_from() && !is_infeasible_ignoreRMW())) {
-                                               struct PendingFutureValue pfv = {curr,act};
-                                               futurevalues->push_back(pfv);
-                                       }
+                                       if (!is_infeasible())
+                                               futurevalues->push_back(PendingFutureValue(curr, act));
+                                       else if (curr->is_rmw() && act->is_rmw() && curr->get_reads_from() && curr->get_reads_from() == act->get_reads_from())
+                                               add_future_value(curr, act);
                                }
                        }
                }
        }
 
+       /*
+        * All compatible, thread-exclusive promises must be ordered after any
+        * concrete stores to the same thread, or else they can be merged with
+        * this store later
+        */
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++)
+               if ((*promises)[i]->is_compatible_exclusive(curr))
+                       added = mo_graph->addEdge(curr, (*promises)[i]) || added;
+
        return added;
 }
 
@@ -1850,7 +1990,7 @@ bool ModelChecker::release_seq_heads(const ModelAction *rf,
        if (mo_graph->checkForCycles())
                return false;
 
-       while (rf) {
+       for ( ; rf != NULL; rf = rf->get_reads_from()) {
                ASSERT(rf->is_write());
 
                if (rf->is_release())
@@ -1870,8 +2010,6 @@ bool ModelChecker::release_seq_heads(const ModelAction *rf,
                /* acq_rel RMW is a sufficient stopping condition */
                if (rf->is_acquire() && rf->is_release())
                        return true; /* complete */
-
-               rf = rf->get_reads_from();
        };
        if (!rf) {
                /* read from future: need to settle this later */
@@ -2271,42 +2409,44 @@ ClockVector * ModelChecker::get_cv(thread_id_t tid) const
  */
 bool ModelChecker::resolve_promises(ModelAction *write)
 {
-       bool resolved = false;
-       std::vector< thread_id_t, ModelAlloc<thread_id_t> > threads_to_check;
+       bool haveResolved = false;
+       std::vector< ModelAction *, ModelAlloc<ModelAction *> > actions_to_check;
+       promise_list_t mustResolve, resolved;
 
        for (unsigned int i = 0, promise_index = 0; promise_index < promises->size(); i++) {
                Promise *promise = (*promises)[promise_index];
                if (write->get_node()->get_promise(i)) {
                        ModelAction *read = promise->get_action();
-                       if (read->is_rmw()) {
-                               mo_graph->addRMWEdge(write, read);
-                       }
                        read_from(read, write);
-                       //First fix up the modification order for actions that happened
-                       //before the read
-                       r_modification_order(read, write);
-                       //Next fix up the modification order for actions that happened
-                       //after the read.
-                       post_r_modification_order(read, write);
                        //Make sure the promise's value matches the write's value
-                       ASSERT(promise->get_value() == write->get_value());
-                       delete(promise);
+                       ASSERT(promise->is_compatible(write));
+                       mo_graph->resolvePromise(read, write, &mustResolve);
 
+                       resolved.push_back(promise);
                        promises->erase(promises->begin() + promise_index);
-                       threads_to_check.push_back(read->get_tid());
+                       actions_to_check.push_back(read);
 
-                       resolved = true;
+                       haveResolved = true;
                } else
                        promise_index++;
        }
 
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < mustResolve.size(); i++) {
+               if (std::find(resolved.begin(), resolved.end(), mustResolve[i])
+                               == resolved.end())
+                       priv->failed_promise = true;
+       }
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < resolved.size(); i++)
+               delete resolved[i];
        //Check whether reading these writes has made threads unable to
        //resolve promises
 
-       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < threads_to_check.size(); i++)
-               mo_check_promises(threads_to_check[i], write);
+       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < actions_to_check.size(); i++) {
+               ModelAction *read = actions_to_check[i];
+               mo_check_promises(read, true);
+       }
 
-       return resolved;
+       return haveResolved;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2339,7 +2479,7 @@ void ModelChecker::check_promises(thread_id_t tid, ClockVector *old_cv, ClockVec
                const ModelAction *act = promise->get_action();
                if ((old_cv == NULL || !old_cv->synchronized_since(act)) &&
                                merge_cv->synchronized_since(act)) {
-                       if (promise->increment_threads(tid)) {
+                       if (promise->eliminate_thread(tid)) {
                                //Promise has failed
                                priv->failed_promise = true;
                                return;
@@ -2348,77 +2488,54 @@ void ModelChecker::check_promises(thread_id_t tid, ClockVector *old_cv, ClockVec
        }
 }
 
-void ModelChecker::check_promises_thread_disabled() {
+void ModelChecker::check_promises_thread_disabled()
+{
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
                Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
-               if (promise->check_promise()) {
+               if (promise->has_failed()) {
                        priv->failed_promise = true;
                        return;
                }
        }
 }
 
-/** Checks promises in response to addition to modification order for threads.
- * Definitions:
- * pthread is the thread that performed the read that created the promise
- *
- * pread is the read that created the promise
- *
- * pwrite is either the first write to same location as pread by
- * pthread that is sequenced after pread or the value read by the
- * first read to the same lcoation as pread by pthread that is
- * sequenced after pread..
- *
- *     1. If tid=pthread, then we check what other threads are reachable
- * through the mode order starting with pwrite.  Those threads cannot
- * perform a write that will resolve the promise due to modification
- * order constraints.
- *
- * 2. If the tid is not pthread, we check whether pwrite can reach the
- * action write through the modification order.  If so, that thread
- * cannot perform a future write that will resolve the promise due to
- * modificatin order constraints.
+/**
+ * @brief Checks promises in response to addition to modification order for
+ * threads.
  *
- *     @param tid The thread that either read from the model action
- *     write, or actually did the model action write.
+ * We test whether threads are still available for satisfying promises after an
+ * addition to our modification order constraints. Those that are unavailable
+ * are "eliminated". Once all threads are eliminated from satisfying a promise,
+ * that promise has failed.
  *
- *     @param write The ModelAction representing the relevant write.
+ * @param act The ModelAction which updated the modification order
+ * @param is_read_check Should be true if act is a read and we must check for
+ * updates to the store from which it read (there is a distinction here for
+ * RMW's, which are both a load and a store)
  */
-void ModelChecker::mo_check_promises(thread_id_t tid, const ModelAction *write)
+void ModelChecker::mo_check_promises(const ModelAction *act, bool is_read_check)
 {
-       void *location = write->get_location();
+       const ModelAction *write = is_read_check ? act->get_reads_from() : act;
+
        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
                Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
-               const ModelAction *act = promise->get_action();
+               const ModelAction *pread = promise->get_action();
 
-               //Is this promise on the same location?
-               if ( act->get_location() != location )
+               // Is this promise on the same location?
+               if (!pread->same_var(write))
                        continue;
 
-               //same thread as the promise
-               if ( act->get_tid() == tid ) {
-
-                       //do we have a pwrite for the promise, if not, set it
-                       if (promise->get_write() == NULL ) {
-                               promise->set_write(write);
-                               //The pwrite cannot happen before the promise
-                               if (write->happens_before(act) && (write != act)) {
-                                       priv->failed_promise = true;
-                                       return;
-                               }
-                       }
-                       if (mo_graph->checkPromise(write, promise)) {
-                               priv->failed_promise = true;
-                               return;
-                       }
+               if (pread->happens_before(act) && mo_graph->checkPromise(write, promise)) {
+                       priv->failed_promise = true;
+                       return;
                }
 
-               //Don't do any lookups twice for the same thread
-               if (promise->has_sync_thread(tid))
+               // Don't do any lookups twice for the same thread
+               if (!promise->thread_is_available(act->get_tid()))
                        continue;
 
-               if (promise->get_write()&&mo_graph->checkReachable(promise->get_write(), write)) {
-                       if (promise->increment_threads(tid)) {
+               if (mo_graph->checkReachable(promise, write)) {
+                       if (mo_graph->checkPromise(write, promise)) {
                                priv->failed_promise = true;
                                return;
                        }
@@ -2451,12 +2568,12 @@ void ModelChecker::compute_relseq_breakwrites(ModelAction *curr)
 
 /**
  * Build up an initial set of all past writes that this 'read' action may read
- * from. This set is determined by the clock vector's "happens before"
- * relationship.
+ * from, as well as any previously-observed future values that must still be valid.
+ *
  * @param curr is the current ModelAction that we are exploring; it must be a
  * 'read' operation.
  */
-void ModelChecker::build_reads_from_past(ModelAction *curr)
+void ModelChecker::build_may_read_from(ModelAction *curr)
 {
        std::vector<action_list_t> *thrd_lists = get_safe_ptr_vect_action(obj_thrd_map, curr->get_location());
        unsigned int i;
@@ -2488,12 +2605,12 @@ void ModelChecker::build_reads_from_past(ModelAction *curr)
                                allow_read = false;
 
                        if (allow_read) {
-                               DEBUG("Adding action to may_read_from:\n");
-                               if (DBG_ENABLED()) {
-                                       act->print();
-                                       curr->print();
-                               }
-                               curr->get_node()->add_read_from(act);
+                               /* Only add feasible reads */
+                               mo_graph->startChanges();
+                               r_modification_order(curr, act);
+                               if (!is_infeasible())
+                                       curr->get_node()->add_read_from(act);
+                               mo_graph->rollbackChanges();
                        }
 
                        /* Include at most one act per-thread that "happens before" curr */
@@ -2502,6 +2619,28 @@ void ModelChecker::build_reads_from_past(ModelAction *curr)
                }
        }
 
+       /* Inherit existing, promised future values */
+       for (i = 0; i < promises->size(); i++) {
+               const Promise *promise = (*promises)[i];
+               const ModelAction *promise_read = promise->get_action();
+               if (promise_read->same_var(curr)) {
+                       /* Only add feasible future-values */
+                       mo_graph->startChanges();
+                       r_modification_order(curr, promise);
+                       if (!is_infeasible()) {
+                               const struct future_value fv = promise->get_fv();
+                               curr->get_node()->add_future_value(fv);
+                       }
+                       mo_graph->rollbackChanges();
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* We may find no valid may-read-from only if the execution is doomed */
+       if (!curr->get_node()->get_read_from_size() && curr->get_node()->future_value_empty()) {
+               priv->no_valid_reads = true;
+               set_assert();
+       }
+
        if (DBG_ENABLED()) {
                model_print("Reached read action:\n");
                curr->print();
@@ -2513,7 +2652,7 @@ void ModelChecker::build_reads_from_past(ModelAction *curr)
 
 bool ModelChecker::sleep_can_read_from(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *write)
 {
-       while (true) {
+       for ( ; write != NULL; write = write->get_reads_from()) {
                /* UNINIT actions don't have a Node, and they never sleep */
                if (write->is_uninitialized())
                        return true;
@@ -2522,13 +2661,10 @@ bool ModelChecker::sleep_can_read_from(ModelAction *curr, const ModelAction *wri
                bool thread_sleep = prevnode->enabled_status(curr->get_tid()) == THREAD_SLEEP_SET;
                if (write->is_release() && thread_sleep)
                        return true;
-               if (!write->is_rmw()) {
+               if (!write->is_rmw())
                        return false;
-               }
-               if (write->get_reads_from() == NULL)
-                       return true;
-               write = write->get_reads_from();
        }
+       return true;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2544,13 +2680,11 @@ ModelAction * ModelChecker::new_uninitialized_action(void *location) const
        return act;
 }
 
-static void print_list(action_list_t *list, int exec_num = -1)
+static void print_list(action_list_t *list)
 {
        action_list_t::iterator it;
 
        model_print("---------------------------------------------------------------------\n");
-       if (exec_num >= 0)
-               model_print("Execution %d:\n", exec_num);
 
        unsigned int hash = 0;
 
@@ -2566,16 +2700,16 @@ static void print_list(action_list_t *list, int exec_num = -1)
 void ModelChecker::dumpGraph(char *filename) const
 {
        char buffer[200];
-       sprintf(buffer, "%s.dot",filename);
+       sprintf(buffer, "%s.dot", filename);
        FILE *file = fopen(buffer, "w");
-       fprintf(file, "digraph %s {\n",filename);
+       fprintf(file, "digraph %s {\n", filename);
        mo_graph->dumpNodes(file);
-       ModelAction **thread_array = (ModelAction **)model_calloc(1, sizeof(ModelAction *)*get_num_threads());
+       ModelAction **thread_array = (ModelAction **)model_calloc(1, sizeof(ModelAction *) * get_num_threads());
 
        for (action_list_t::iterator it = action_trace->begin(); it != action_trace->end(); it++) {
                ModelAction *action = *it;
                if (action->is_read()) {
-                       fprintf(file, "N%u [label=\"%u, T%u\"];\n", action->get_seq_number(),action->get_seq_number(), action->get_tid());
+                       fprintf(file, "N%u [label=\"N%u, T%u\"];\n", action->get_seq_number(), action->get_seq_number(), action->get_tid());
                        if (action->get_reads_from() != NULL)
                                fprintf(file, "N%u -> N%u[label=\"rf\", color=red];\n", action->get_seq_number(), action->get_reads_from()->get_seq_number());
                }
@@ -2585,7 +2719,7 @@ void ModelChecker::dumpGraph(char *filename) const
 
                thread_array[action->get_tid()] = action;
        }
-       fprintf(file,"}\n");
+       fprintf(file, "}\n");
        model_free(thread_array);
        fclose(file);
 }
@@ -2595,7 +2729,6 @@ void ModelChecker::dumpGraph(char *filename) const
 void ModelChecker::print_summary() const
 {
 #if SUPPORT_MOD_ORDER_DUMP
-       scheduler->print();
        char buffername[100];
        sprintf(buffername, "exec%04u", stats.num_total);
        mo_graph->dumpGraphToFile(buffername);
@@ -2603,9 +2736,12 @@ void ModelChecker::print_summary() const
        dumpGraph(buffername);
 #endif
 
-       if (!isfeasibleprefix())
-               model_print("INFEASIBLE EXECUTION!\n");
-       print_list(action_trace, stats.num_total);
+       model_print("Execution %d:", stats.num_total);
+       if (isfeasibleprefix())
+               model_print("\n");
+       else
+               print_infeasibility(" INFEASIBLE");
+       print_list(action_trace);
        model_print("\n");
 }
 
@@ -2644,7 +2780,7 @@ Thread * ModelChecker::get_thread(thread_id_t tid) const
  * @param act The ModelAction
  * @return A Thread reference
  */
-Thread * ModelChecker::get_thread(ModelAction *act) const
+Thread * ModelChecker::get_thread(const ModelAction *act) const
 {
        return get_thread(act->get_tid());
 }
@@ -2669,6 +2805,19 @@ bool ModelChecker::is_enabled(thread_id_t tid) const
        return scheduler->is_enabled(tid);
 }
 
+/**
+ * Switch from a model-checker context to a user-thread context. This is the
+ * complement of ModelChecker::switch_to_master and must be called from the
+ * model-checker context
+ *
+ * @param thread The user-thread to switch to
+ */
+void ModelChecker::switch_from_master(Thread *thread)
+{
+       scheduler->set_current_thread(thread);
+       Thread::swap(&system_context, thread);
+}
+
 /**
  * Switch from a user-context to the "master thread" context (a.k.a. system
  * context). This switch is made with the intention of exploring a particular
@@ -2684,8 +2833,8 @@ uint64_t ModelChecker::switch_to_master(ModelAction *act)
 {
        DBG();
        Thread *old = thread_current();
-       set_current_action(act);
-       old->set_state(THREAD_READY);
+       ASSERT(!old->get_pending());
+       old->set_pending(act);
        if (Thread::swap(old, &system_context) < 0) {
                perror("swap threads");
                exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
@@ -2696,76 +2845,36 @@ uint64_t ModelChecker::switch_to_master(ModelAction *act)
 /**
  * Takes the next step in the execution, if possible.
  * @param curr The current step to take
- * @return Returns true (success) if a step was taken and false otherwise.
+ * @return Returns the next Thread to run, if any; NULL if this execution
+ * should terminate
  */
-bool ModelChecker::take_step(ModelAction *curr)
+Thread * ModelChecker::take_step(ModelAction *curr)
 {
-       if (has_asserted())
-               return false;
-
        Thread *curr_thrd = get_thread(curr);
        ASSERT(curr_thrd->get_state() == THREAD_READY);
 
-       Thread *next_thrd = check_current_action(curr);
-
-       if (curr_thrd->is_blocked() || curr_thrd->is_complete())
-               scheduler->remove_thread(curr_thrd);
-
-       next_thrd = scheduler->next_thread(next_thrd);
+       curr = check_current_action(curr);
 
        /* Infeasible -> don't take any more steps */
        if (is_infeasible())
-               return false;
+               return NULL;
        else if (isfeasibleprefix() && have_bug_reports()) {
                set_assert();
-               return false;
-       }
-
-       if (params.bound != 0) {
-               if (priv->used_sequence_numbers > params.bound) {
-                       return false;
-               }
+               return NULL;
        }
 
-       DEBUG("(%d, %d)\n", curr_thrd ? id_to_int(curr_thrd->get_id()) : -1,
-                       next_thrd ? id_to_int(next_thrd->get_id()) : -1);
-
-       /*
-        * Launch end-of-execution release sequence fixups only when there are:
-        *
-        * (1) no more user threads to run (or when execution replay chooses
-        *     the 'model_thread')
-        * (2) pending release sequences
-        * (3) pending assertions (i.e., data races)
-        * (4) no pending promises
-        */
-       if (!pending_rel_seqs->empty() && (!next_thrd || next_thrd->is_model_thread()) &&
-                       is_feasible_prefix_ignore_relseq() && !unrealizedraces.empty()) {
-               model_print("*** WARNING: release sequence fixup action (%zu pending release seuqences) ***\n",
-                               pending_rel_seqs->size());
-               ModelAction *fixup = new ModelAction(MODEL_FIXUP_RELSEQ,
-                               std::memory_order_seq_cst, NULL, VALUE_NONE,
-                               model_thread);
-               set_current_action(fixup);
-               return true;
-       }
+       if (params.bound != 0 && priv->used_sequence_numbers > params.bound)
+               return NULL;
 
-       /* next_thrd == NULL -> don't take any more steps */
-       if (!next_thrd)
-               return false;
+       if (curr_thrd->is_blocked() || curr_thrd->is_complete())
+               scheduler->remove_thread(curr_thrd);
 
-       next_thrd->set_state(THREAD_RUNNING);
+       Thread *next_thrd = get_next_thread(curr);
 
-       if (next_thrd->get_pending() != NULL) {
-               /* restart a pending action */
-               set_current_action(next_thrd->get_pending());
-               next_thrd->set_pending(NULL);
-               next_thrd->set_state(THREAD_READY);
-               return true;
-       }
+       DEBUG("(%d, %d)\n", curr_thrd ? id_to_int(curr_thrd->get_id()) : -1,
+                       next_thrd ? id_to_int(next_thrd->get_id()) : -1);
 
-       /* Return false only if swap fails with an error */
-       return (Thread::swap(&system_context, next_thrd) == 0);
+       return next_thrd;
 }
 
 /** Wrapper to run the user's main function, with appropriate arguments */
@@ -2780,16 +2889,56 @@ void ModelChecker::run()
        do {
                thrd_t user_thread;
                Thread *t = new Thread(&user_thread, &user_main_wrapper, NULL);
-
                add_thread(t);
 
-               /* Run user thread up to its first action */
-               scheduler->next_thread(t);
-               Thread::swap(&system_context, t);
+               do {
+                       /*
+                        * Stash next pending action(s) for thread(s). There
+                        * should only need to stash one thread's action--the
+                        * thread which just took a step--plus the first step
+                        * for any newly-created thread
+                        */
+                       for (unsigned int i = 0; i < get_num_threads(); i++) {
+                               thread_id_t tid = int_to_id(i);
+                               Thread *thr = get_thread(tid);
+                               if (!thr->is_model_thread() && !thr->is_complete() && !thr->get_pending()) {
+                                       switch_from_master(thr);
+                               }
+                       }
+
+                       /* Catch assertions from prior take_step or from
+                        * between-ModelAction bugs (e.g., data races) */
+                       if (has_asserted())
+                               break;
 
-               /* Wait for all threads to complete */
-               while (take_step(priv->current_action));
+                       /* Consume the next action for a Thread */
+                       ModelAction *curr = t->get_pending();
+                       t->set_pending(NULL);
+                       t = take_step(curr);
+               } while (t && !t->is_model_thread());
+
+               /*
+                * Launch end-of-execution release sequence fixups only when
+                * the execution is otherwise feasible AND there are:
+                *
+                * (1) pending release sequences
+                * (2) pending assertions that could be invalidated by a change
+                * in clock vectors (i.e., data races)
+                * (3) no pending promises
+                */
+               while (!pending_rel_seqs->empty() &&
+                               is_feasible_prefix_ignore_relseq() &&
+                               !unrealizedraces.empty()) {
+                       model_print("*** WARNING: release sequence fixup action "
+                                       "(%zu pending release seuqence(s)) ***\n",
+                                       pending_rel_seqs->size());
+                       ModelAction *fixup = new ModelAction(MODEL_FIXUP_RELSEQ,
+                                       std::memory_order_seq_cst, NULL, VALUE_NONE,
+                                       model_thread);
+                       take_step(fixup);
+               };
        } while (next_execution());
 
+       model_print("******* Model-checking complete: *******\n");
        print_stats();
 }