Programming Languages Research Group: Git - firefly-linux-kernel-4.4.55.git/log

Use extended crashkernel command line on ia64

This patch adapts IA64 to use the generic parse_crashkernel() function instead
of its own parsing for the crashkernel command line.

Because the total amount of System RAM must be known when calling this
function, efi_memmap_init() is modified to return its accumulated total_memory
variable.

Also, the crashkernel handling is moved in an own function in
arch/ia64/kernel/setup.c to make the code more readable.

[kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use extended crashkernel command line on x86_64

This patch removes the crashkernel parsing from
arch/x86_64/kernel/machine_kexec.c and calls the generic function, introduced
in the last patch, in setup_bootmem_allocator().

This is necessary because the amount of System RAM must be known in this
function now because of the new syntax.

Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use extended crashkernel command line on i386

This patch removes the crashkernel parsing from
arch/i386/kernel/machine_kexec.c and calls the generic function, introduced in
the last patch, in setup_bootmem_allocator().

This is necessary because the amount of System RAM must be known in this
function now because of the new syntax.

Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Extended crashkernel command line

This patch adds a extended crashkernel syntax that makes the value of reserved
system RAM dependent on the system RAM itself:

    crashkernel=<range1>:<size1>[,<range2>:<size2>,...][@offset]
    range=start-[end]

For example:

    crashkernel=512M-2G:64M,2G-:128M

The motivation comes from distributors that configure their crashkernel
command line automatically with some configuration tool (YaST, you know ;)).
Of course that tool knows the value of System RAM, but if the user removes
RAM, then the system becomes unbootable or at least unusable and error
handling is very difficult.

This series implements this change for i386, x86_64, ia64, ppc64 and sh.  That
should be all platforms that support kdump in current mainline.  I tested all
platforms except sh due to the lack of a sh processor.

This patch:

This is the generic part of the patch.  It adds a parse_crashkernel() function
in kernel/kexec.c that is called by the architecture specific code that
actually reserves the memory.  That function takes the whole command line and
looks itself for "crashkernel=" in it.

If there are multiple occurrences, then the last one is taken.  The advantage
is that if you have a bootloader like lilo or elilo which allows you to append
a command line parameter but not to remove one (like in GRUB), then you can
add another crashkernel value for testing at the boot command line and this
one overwrites the command line in the configuration then.

Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bwalle@suse.de>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de>
Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@in.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

IPC: fix error case when idr-cache is empty in ipcget()

With the use of idr to store the ipc, the case where the idr cache is
empty, when idr_get_new is called (this may happen even if we call
idr_pre_get() before), is not well handled: it lets
semget()/shmget()/msgget() return ENOSPC when this cache is empty, what 1.
does not reflect the facts and 2. does not conform to the man(s).

This patch fixes this by retrying the whole process of allocation in this case.

Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

virtualization of sysv msg queues is incomplete

Virtualization of sysv msg queues is incomplete: msg_hdrs and msg_bytes
variables visible from userspace are global. Let's make them
per-namespace.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Kuznetsov <alexey@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

IPC: cleanup some code and wrong comments about semundo list managment

Some comments about sem_undo_list seem wrong.
About the comment above unlock_semundo:
"... If task2 now exits before task1 releases the lock (by calling
unlock_semundo()), then task1 will never call spin_unlock(). ..."

This is just wrong, I see no reason for which task1 will not call
spin_unlock... The rest of this comment is also wrong... Unless I
miss something (of course).

Finally, (un)lock_semundo functions are useless, so remove them
for simplification. (this avoids an useless if statement)

Signed-off-by: Pierre Peiffer <pierre.peiffer@bull.net>
Cc: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Acked-by: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ipc: remove unneeded parameters

Remvoe the unneeded parameters from ipc_checkid() and ipc_buildid()
interfaces.

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fix idr_find() locking

This is a patch that fixes the way idr_find() used to be called in ipc_lock():
in all the paths that don't imply an update of the ipcs idr, it was called
without the idr tree being locked.

The changes are:
  . in ipc_ids, the mutex has been changed into a reader/writer semaphore.
  . ipc_lock() now takes the mutex as a reader during the idr_find().
  . a new routine ipc_lock_down() has been defined: it doesn't take the
    mutex, assuming that it is being held by the caller. This is the routine
    that is now called in all the update paths.

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Acked-by: Jarek Poplawski <jarkao2@o2.pl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ipc: fix wrong comments

This patch fixes the wrong / obsolete comments in the ipc code. Also adds
a missing lock around ipc_get_maxid() in shm_get_stat().

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ipc: inline ipc_buildid()

This is a trivial patch that changes the ipc_buildid() routine into a static
inline.

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ipc: introduce the ipcid_to_idx macro

This is a trivial patch that changes all the (id % SEQ_MULTIPLIER) into a call
to the ipcid_to_idx(id) macro.

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Storing ipcs into IDRs

This patch converts casts of struct kern_ipc_perm to
   . struct msg_queue
   . struct sem_array
   . struct shmid_kernel
into the equivalent container_of() macro. It improves code maintenance
because the code need not change if kern_ipc_perm is no longer at the
beginning of the containing struct.

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ipc: integrate ipc_checkid() into ipc_lock()

This patch introduces a new ipc_lock_check() routine interface:
. each time ipc_checkid() is called, this is done after calling ipc_lock().
ipc_checkid() is now called from inside ipc_lock_check().

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix RCU locking]
Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ipc: remove the ipc_get() routine

This is a trivial patch that removes the ipc_get() routine: it is replaced
by a call to idr_find().

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ipc: unify the syscalls code

This patch introduces a change into the sys_msgget(), sys_semget() and
sys_shmget() routines: they now share a common code, which is better for
maintainability.

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

ipc: store ipcs into IDRs

This patch introduces ipcs storage into IDRs. The main changes are:
  . This ipc_ids structure is changed: the entries array is changed into a
    root idr structure.
  . The grow_ary() routine is removed: it is not needed anymore when adding
    an ipc structure, since we are now using the IDR facility.
  . The ipc_rmid() routine interface is changed:
       . there is no need for this routine to return the pointer passed in as
         argument: it is now declared as a void
       . since the id is now part of the kern_ipc_perm structure, no need to
         have it as an argument to the routine

Signed-off-by: Nadia Derbey <Nadia.Derbey@bull.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add irq protection in the percpu-counters cpu-hotplug-callback path

Some of the per-cpu counters and thus their locks are accessed from IRQ
contexts. This can cause a deadlock if it interrupts a cpu-offline thread
which is transferring a dead-cpu's counts to the global counter.

Add appropriate IRQ protection in the cpu-hotplug callback path.

Signed-off-by: Gautham R Shenoy <ego@in.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

CPU HOTPLUG: avoid hotadd when proper possible_map isn't specified

cpu-hot-add should be fail if cpu is not set in cpu_possible_map. If go
ahead, the system will panic soon.

Especially, arch which requires additional_cpus= parameter should handle
this. Tested on ia64.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

hotplug cpu: migrate a task within its cpuset

When a cpu is disabled, move_task_off_dead_cpu() is called for tasks that have
been running on that cpu.

Currently, such a task is migrated:
1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online
    and among that task's cpus_allowed
2) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed

It is typical of a multithreaded application running on a large NUMA system to
have its tasks confined to a cpuset so as to cluster them near the memory that
they share.  Furthermore, it is typical to explicitly place such a task on a
specific cpu in that cpuset.  And in that case the task's cpus_allowed
includes only a single cpu.

This patch would insert a preference to migrate such a task to some cpu within
its cpuset (and set its cpus_allowed to its entire cpuset).

With this patch, migrate the task to:
1) to any cpu on the same node as the disabled cpu, which is both online
    and among that task's cpus_allowed
2) to any online cpu within the task's cpuset
3) to any cpu which is both online and among that task's cpus_allowed

In order to do this, move_task_off_dead_cpu() must make a call to
cpuset_cpus_allowed_locked(), a new subset of cpuset_cpus_allowed(), that will
not block.  (name change - per Oleg's suggestion)

Calls are made to cpuset_lock() and cpuset_unlock() in migration_call() to set
the cpuset mutex during the whole migrate_live_tasks() and
migrate_dead_tasks() procedure.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[pj@sgi.com: Fix indentation and spacing]
Signed-off-by: Cliff Wickman <cpw@sgi.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Control groups: Replace "cont" with "cgrp" and other misc renaming

Replace "cont" with "cgrp" and other misc renaming

This patch finishes some of the names that got missed in the great
"task containers" -> "control groups" rename. Primarily it renames
the local variable "cont" to "cgrp" in a number of places, and renames
the CONT_* enum members to CGRP_*.

This patch is not intended to have any effect on the generated code;
the output of "objdump -d kernel/cgroup.o" is unchanged.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Acked-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use task_pid_nr() instead of pid_nr(task_pid())

There are two places that do so - the cgroups subsystem and the autofs
code.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use task_pid_nr() in ip_vs_sync.c

The sync_master_pid and sync_backup_pid are set in set_sync_pid() and are
used later for set/not-set checks and in printk. So it is safe to use the
global pid value in this case.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Remove unused variables from fs/proc/base.c

When removing the explicit task_struct->pid usage I found that
proc_readfd_common() and proc_pident_readdir() get this field, but do not
use it at all. So this cleanup is a cheap help with the task_struct->pid
isolation.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use helpers to obtain task pid in printks (arch code)

One of the easiest things to isolate is the pid printed in kernel log.
There was a patch, that made this for arch-independent code, this one makes
so for arch/xxx files.

It took some time to cross-compile it, but hopefully these are all the
printks in arch code.

Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: <linux-arch@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Use helpers to obtain task pid in printks

The task_struct->pid member is going to be deprecated, so start
using the helpers (task_pid_nr/task_pid_vnr/task_pid_nr_ns) in
the kernel.

The first thing to start with is the pid, printed to dmesg - in
this case we may safely use task_pid_nr(). Besides, printks produce
more (much more) than a half of all the explicit pid usage.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: git-drm went and changed lots of stuff]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@linux.ie>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Isolate the explicit usage of signal->pgrp

The pgrp field is not used widely around the kernel so it is now marked as
deprecated with appropriate comment.

The initialization of INIT_SIGNALS is trimmed because
a) they are set to 0 automatically;
b) gcc cannot properly initialize two anonymous (the second one
   is the one with the session) unions. In this particular case
   to make it compile we'd have to add some field initialized
   right before the .pgrp.

This is the same patch as the 1ec320afdc9552c92191d5f89fcd1ebe588334ca one
(from Cedric), but for the pgrp field.

Some progress report:

We have to deprecate the pid, tgid, session and pgrp fields on struct
task_struct and struct signal_struct.  The session and pgrp are already
deprecated.  The tgid value is close to being such - the worst known usage
in in fs/locks.c and audit code.  The pid field deprecation is mainly
blocked by numerous printk-s around the kernel that print the tsk->pid to
log.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix tsk->exit_state usage

tsk->exit_state can only be 0, EXIT_ZOMBIE, or EXIT_DEAD. A non-zero test
is the same as tsk->exit_state & (EXIT_ZOMBIE | EXIT_DEAD), so just testing
tsk->exit_state is sufficient.

Signed-off-by: Eugene Teo <eugeneteo@kernel.sg>
Cc: Roland McGrath <roland@redhat.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

proc: export a processes resource limits via /proc/pid

Currently, there exists no method for a process to query the resource
limits of another process. They can be inferred via some mechanisms but
they cannot be explicitly determined. Given that this information can be
usefull to know during the debugging of an application, I've written this
patch which exports all of a processes limits via /proc/<pid>/limits.

Signed-off-by: Neil Horman <nhorman@tuxdriver.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

remove BITS_TO_TYPE macro

remove BITS_TO_TYPE macro

I realized, that it is actually the same as DIV_ROUND_UP, use it instead.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

FlashPoint, use BIT instead of BITW

FlashPoint, use BIT instead of BITW

BITW was an ushort variant of BIT, use BIT instead

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

define global BIT macro

define global BIT macro

move all local BIT defines to the new globally define macro.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org>
Cc: Kumar Gala <galak@gate.crashing.org>
Cc: Dmitry Torokhov <dtor@mail.ru>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@steeleye.com>
Cc: "Antonino A. Daplas" <adaplas@pol.net>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Acked-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

get rid of input BIT* duplicate defines

get rid of input BIT* duplicate defines

use newly global defined macros for input layer. Also remove includes of
input.h from non-input sources only for BIT macro definiton. Define the
macro temporarily in local manner, all those local definitons will be
removed further in this patchset (to not break bisecting).
BIT macro will be globally defined (1<<x)

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: <dtor@mail.ru>
Acked-by: Jiri Kosina <jkosina@suse.cz>
Cc: <lenb@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Marcel Holtmann <marcel@holtmann.org>
Cc: <perex@suse.cz>
Acked-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@infradead.org>
Cc: <vernux@us.ibm.com>
Cc: <malattia@linux.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

define first set of BIT* macros

define first set of BIT* macros

- move BITOP_MASK and BITOP_WORD from asm-generic/bitops/atomic.h to
include/linux/bitops.h and rename it to BIT_MASK and BIT_WORD
- move BITS_TO_LONGS and BITS_PER_BYTE to bitops.h too and allow easily
define another BITS_TO_something (e.g. in event.c) by BITS_TO_TYPE macro
Remaining (and common) BIT macro will be defined after all occurences and
conflicts will be sorted out in the patches.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

amba-pl011, rename BIT macro

amba-pl011, rename BIT macro

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

s2io, rename BIT macro

s2io, rename BIT macro

BIT macro will be global definiton of (1<<x)

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Ramkrishna Vepa <ram.vepa@neterion.com>
Cc: Rastapur Santosh <santosh.rastapur@neterion.com>
Cc: Sivakumar Subramani <sivakumar.subramani@neterion.com>
Cc: Sreenivasa Honnur <sreenivasa.honnur@neterion.com>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

i2c-pxa, rename BIT macro to PXA_BIT

i2c-pxa, rename BIT macro to PXA_BIT

BIT macro will be global definiton of (1 << x)

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Nicolas Pitre <nico@cam.org>
Cc: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

cyber2000fb: checkpatch fixes

This patch fixes errors and warnings pointed out by the checkpatch.pl
script.

Antonino Daplas replaced BIT with ENCODE_BIT.

Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Helt <krzysztof.h1@wp.pl>
Signed-off-by: Antonino Daplas <adaplas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

cyber2000fb, rename BIT macro

cyber2000fb, rename BIT macro

BIT will be global macro for (1 << x)

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
Cc: "Antonino A. Daplas" <adaplas@pol.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

forbid asm/bitops.h direct inclusion

forbid asm/bitops.h direct inclusion

Because of compile errors that may occur after bit changes if asm/bitops.h is
included directly without e.g. linux/kernel.h which includes linux/bitops.h,
forbid direct inclusion of asm/bitops.h. Thanks to Adrian Bunk.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

remove asm/bitops.h includes

remove asm/bitops.h includes

including asm/bitops directly may cause compile errors. don't include it
and include linux/bitops instead. next patch will deny including asm header
directly.

Cc: Adrian Bunk <bunk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fs/select, remove unused macros

fs/select, remove unused macros

this is due to preparation for global BIT macro

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Misc: phantom, improved data passing

This new version guarantees amb_bit switch in small enough intervals, so that
the device won't stop working in the middle of a movement anymore. However it
preserves old (openhaptics) functionality.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Misc: phantom, add comment about openhaptics

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Misc: phantom, synchronize_irq() on suspend

Wait after disabling device's interrupt until the handler finishes its work if
still in progress.

Signed-off-by: Jiri Slaby <jirislaby@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Fix cpusets update_cpumask

Cause writes to cpuset "cpus" file to update cpus_allowed for member tasks:

- collect batches of tasks under tasklist_lock and then call
  set_cpus_allowed() on them outside the lock (since this can sleep).

- add a simple generic priority heap type to allow efficient collection
  of batches of tasks to be processed without duplicating or missing any
  tasks in subsequent batches.

- make "cpus" file update a no-op if the mask hasn't changed

- fix race between update_cpumask() and sched_setaffinity() by making
  sched_setaffinity() post-check that it's not running on any cpus outside
  cpuset_cpus_allowed().

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

cpusets: decrustify cpuset mask update code

Decrustify the kernel/cpuset.c 'cpus' and 'mems' updating code.

Other than subtle improvements in the consistency of identifying
white space at the beginning and end of passed in masks, this
doesn't make any visible difference in behaviour. But it's
one or two hundred kernel text bytes smaller, and easier to
understand.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fix]
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Reviewed-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

cpuset sched_load_balance flag

Add a new per-cpuset flag called 'sched_load_balance'.

When enabled in a cpuset (the default value) it tells the kernel scheduler
that the scheduler should provide the normal load balancing on the CPUs in
that cpuset, sometimes moving tasks from one CPU to a second CPU if the
second CPU is less loaded and if that task is allowed to run there.

When disabled (write "0" to the file) then it tells the kernel scheduler
that load balancing is not required for the CPUs in that cpuset.

Now even if this flag is disabled for some cpuset, the kernel may still
have to load balance some or all the CPUs in that cpuset, if some
overlapping cpuset has its sched_load_balance flag enabled.

If there are some CPUs that are not in any cpuset whose sched_load_balance
flag is enabled, the kernel scheduler will not load balance tasks to those
CPUs.

Moreover the kernel will partition the 'sched domains' (non-overlapping
sets of CPUs over which load balancing is attempted) into the finest
granularity partition that it can find, while still keeping any two CPUs
that are in the same shed_load_balance enabled cpuset in the same element
of the partition.

This serves two purposes:
1) It provides a mechanism for real time isolation of some CPUs, and
2) it can be used to improve performance on systems with many CPUs
    by supporting configurations in which load balancing is not done
    across all CPUs at once, but rather only done in several smaller
    disjoint sets of CPUs.

This mechanism replaces the earlier overloading of the per-cpuset
flag 'cpu_exclusive', which overloading was removed in an earlier
patch: cpuset-remove-sched-domain-hooks-from-cpusets

See further the Documentation and comments in the code itself.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: don't be weird]
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Uninline the task_xid_nr_ns() calls

Since these are expanded into call to pid_nr_ns() anyway, it's OK to move
the whole routine out-of-line. This is a cheap way to save ~100 bytes from
vmlinux. Together with the previous two patches, it saves half-a-kilo from
the vmlinux.

Un-inline other (currently inlined) functions must be done with additional
performance testing.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Uninline find_pid etc set of functions

The find_pid/_vpid/_pid_ns functions are used to find the struct pid by its
id, depending on whic id - global or virtual - is used.

The find_vpid() is a macro that pushes the current->nsproxy->pid_ns on the
stack to call another function - find_pid_ns(). It turned out, that this
dereference together with the push itself cause the kernel text size to
grow too much.

Move all these out-of-line. Together with the previous patch this saves a
bit less that 400 bytes from .text section.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Isolate some explicit usage of task->tgid

With pid namespaces this field is now dangerous to use explicitly, so hide
it behind the helpers.

Also the pid and pgrp fields o task_struct and signal_struct are to be
deprecated. Unfortunately this patch cannot be sent right now as this
leads to tons of warnings, so start isolating them, and deprecate later.

Actually the p->tgid == pid has to be changed to has_group_leader_pid(),
but Oleg pointed out that in case of posix cpu timers this is the same, and
thread_group_leader() is more preferable.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: remove the struct pid unneeded fields

Since we've switched from using pid->nr to pid->upids->nr some
fields on struct pid are no longer needed

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Uninline find_task_by_xxx set of functions

The find_task_by_something is a set of macros are used to find task by pid
depending on what kind of pid is proposed - global or virtual one. All of
them are wrappers above the most generic one - find_task_by_pid_type_ns() -
and just substitute some args for it.

It turned out, that dereferencing the current->nsproxy->pid_ns construction
and pushing one more argument on the stack inline cause kernel text size to
grow.

This patch moves all this stuff out-of-line into kernel/pid.c. Together
with the next patch it saves a bit less than 400 bytes from the .text
section.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: changes to show virtual ids to user

This is the largest patch in the set. Make all (I hope) the places where
the pid is shown to or get from user operate on the virtual pids.

The idea is:
- all in-kernel data structures must store either struct pid itself
   or the pid's global nr, obtained with pid_nr() call;
- when seeking the task from kernel code with the stored id one
   should use find_task_by_pid() call that works with global pids;
- when showing pid's numerical value to the user the virtual one
   should be used, but however when one shows task's pid outside this
   task's namespace the global one is to be used;
- when getting the pid from userspace one need to consider this as
   the virtual one and use appropriate task/pid-searching functions.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: yet nuther build fix]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: remove unneeded casts]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: destroy pid namespace on init's death

Terminate all processes in a namespace when the reaper of the namespace is
exiting. We do this by walking the pidmap of the namespace and sending
SIGKILL to all processes.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: allow signalling cgroup-init

Only the global-init process must be special - any other cgroup-init
process must be killable to prevent run-away processes in the system.

TODO: Ideally we should allow killing the cgroup-init only from parent
cgroup and prevent it being killed from within the cgroup.
But that is a more complex change and will be addressed by a follow-on
patch. For now allow the cgroup-init to be terminated by any process
with sufficient privileges.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: create a slab-cache for 'struct pid_namespace'

This will help fixing memory leaks due to bad reference counting.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: initialize the namespace's proc_mnt

The namespace's proc_mnt must be kern_mount-ed to make this pointer always
valid, independently of whether the user space mounted the proc or not.  This
solves raced in proc_flush_task, etc.  with the proc_mnt switching from NULL
to not-NULL.

The initialization is done after the init's pid is created and hashed to make
proc_get_sb() finr it and get for root inode.

Sice the namespace holds the vfsmnt, vfsmnt holds the superblock and the
superblock holds the namespace we must explicitly break this circle to destroy
all the stuff.  This is done after the init of the namespace dies.  Running a
few steps forward - when init exits it will kill all its children, so no
proc_mnt will be needed after its death.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: make proc_flush_task() actually from entries from multiple namespaces

This means that proc_flush_task_mnt() is to be called for many proc mounts and
with different ids, depending on the namespace this pid is to be flushed from.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: allow cloning of new namespace

When clone() is invoked with CLONE_NEWPID, create a new pid namespace and then
create a new struct pid for the new process.  Allocate pid_t's for the new
process in the new pid namespace and all ancestor pid namespaces.  Make the
newly cloned process the session and process group leader.

Since the active pid namespace is special and expected to be the first entry
in pid->upid_list, preserve the order of pid namespaces.

The size of 'struct pid' is dependent on the the number of pid namespaces the
process exists in, so we use multiple pid-caches'.  Only one pid cache is
created during system startup and this used by processes that exist only in
init_pid_ns.

When a process clones its pid namespace, we create additional pid caches as
necessary and use the pid cache to allocate 'struct pids' for that depth.

Note, that with this patch the newly created namespace won't work, since the
rest of the kernel still uses global pids, but this is to be fixed soon.  Init
pid namespace still works.

[oleg@tv-sign.ru: merge fix]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: miscellaneous preparations for pid namespaces

* remove pid.h from pid_namespaces.h;
* rework is_(cgroup|global)_init;
* optimize (get|put)_pid_ns for init_pid_ns;
* declare task_child_reaper to return actual reaper.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: make proc have multiple superblocks - one for each namespace

Each pid namespace have to be visible through its own proc mount.  Thus we
need to have per-namespace proc trees with their own superblocks.

We cannot easily show different pid namespace via one global proc tree, since
each pid refers to different tasks in different namespaces.  E.g.  pid 1
refers to the init task in the initial namespace and to some other task when
seeing from another namespace.  Moreover - pid, exisintg in one namespace may
not exist in the other.

This approach has one move advantage is that the tasks from the init namespace
can see what tasks live in another namespace by reading entries from another
proc tree.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: move alloc_pid() lower in copy_process()

When we create new namespace we will need to allocate the struct pid, that
will have one extra struct upid in array, comparing to the parent.

Thus we need to know the new namespace (if any) in alloc_pid() to init this
struct upid properly, so move the alloc_pid() call lower in copy_process().

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: helpers to find the task by its numerical ids

When searching the task by numerical id on may need to find it using global
pid (as it is done now in kernel) or by its virtual id, e.g. when sending a
signal to a task from one namespace the sender will specify the task's virtual
id and we should find the task by this value.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix gfs2 linkage]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: helpers to obtain pid numbers

When showing pid to user or getting the pid numerical id for in-kernel use the
value of this id may differ depending on the namespace.

This set of helpers is used to get the global pid nr, the virtual (i.e. seen
by task in its namespace) nr and the nr as it is seen from the specified
namespace.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: make alloc_pid(), free_pid() and put_pid() work with struct upid

Each struct upid element of struct pid has to be initialized properly, i.e.
its nr mst be allocated from appropriate pidmap and ns set to appropriate
namespace.

When allocating a new pid, we need to know the namespace this pid will live
in, so the additional argument is added to alloc_pid().

On the other hand, the rest of the kernel still uses the pid->nr and
pid->pid_chain fields, so these ones are still initialized, but this will be
removed soon.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: add support for pid namespaces hierarchy

Each namespace has a parent and is characterized by its "level". Level is the
number of the namespace generation. E.g. init namespace has level 0, after
cloning new one it will have level 1, the next one - 2 and so on and so forth.
This level is not explicitly limited.

True hierarchy must have some way to find each namespace's children, but it is
not used in the patches, so this ability is not added (yet).

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: introduce struct upid

Since task will be visible from different pid namespaces each of them have to
be addressed by multiple pids.  struct upid is to store the information about
which id refers to which namespace.

The constuciton looks like this.  Each struct pid carried the reference
counter and the list of tasks attached to this pid.  At its end it has a
variable length array of struct upid-s.  Each struct upid has a numerical id
(pid itself), pointer to the namespace, this ID is valid in and is hashed into
a pid_hash for searching the pids.

The nr and pid_chain fields are kept in struct pid for a while to make kernel
still work (no patch initialize the upids yet), but it will be removed at the
end of this series when we switch to upids completely.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: prepare proc_flust_task() to flush entries from multiple proc trees

The first part is trivial - we just make the proc_flush_task() to operate on
arbitrary vfsmount with arbitrary ids and pass the pid and global proc_mnt to
it.

The other change is more tricky: I moved the proc_flush_task() call in
release_task() higher to address the following problem.

When flushing task from many proc trees we need to know the set of ids (not
just one pid) to find the dentries' names to flush. Thus we need to pass the
task's pid to proc_flush_task() as struct pid is the only object that can
provide all the pid numbers. But after __exit_signal() task has detached all
his pids and this information is lost.

This creates a tiny gap for proc_pid_lookup() to bring some dentries back to
tree and keep them in hash (since pids are still alive before __exit_signal())
till the next shrink, but since proc_flush_task() does not provide a 100%
guarantee that the dentries will be flushed, this is OK to do so.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: introduce MS_KERNMOUNT flag

This flag tells the .get_sb callback that this is a kern_mount() call so that
it can trust *data pointer to be valid in-kernel one. If this flag is passed
from the user process, it is cleared since the *data pointer is not a valid
kernel object.

Running a few steps forward - this will be needed for proc to create the
superblock and store a valid pid namespace on it during the namespace
creation. The reason, why the namespace cannot live without proc mount is
described in the appropriate patch.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: move exit_task_namespaces()

Make task release its namespaces after it has reparented all his children to
child_reaper, but before it notifies its parent about its death.

The reason to release namespaces after reparenting is that when task exits it
may send a signal to its parent (SIGCHLD), but if the parent has already
exited its namespaces there will be no way to decide what pid to dever to him
- parent can be from different namespace.

The reason to release namespace before notifying the parent it that when task
sends a SIGCHLD to parent it can call wait() on this taks and release it. But
releasing the mnt namespace implies dropping of all the mounts in the mnt
namespace and NFS expects the task to have valid sighand pointer.

Thanks to Oleg for pointing out some races that can apear and helping with
patches and fixes.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: rework forget_original_parent()

A pid namespace is a "view" of a particular set of tasks on the system.  They
work in a similar way to filesystem namespaces.  A file (or a process) can be
accessed in multiple namespaces, but it may have a different name in each.  In
a filesystem, this name might be /etc/passwd in one namespace, but
/chroot/etc/passwd in another.

For processes, a process may have pid 1234 in one namespace, but be pid 1 in
another.  This allows new pid namespaces to have basically arbitrary pids, and
not have to worry about what pids exist in other namespaces.  This is
essential for checkpoint/restart where a restarted process's pid might collide
with an existing process on the system's pid.

In this particular implementation, pid namespaces have a parent-child
relationship, just like processes.  A process in a pid namespace may see all
of the processes in the same namespace, as well as all of the processes in all
of the namespaces which are children of its namespace.  Processes may not,
however, see others which are in their parent's namespace, but not in their
own.  The same goes for sibling namespaces.

The know issue to be solved in the nearest future is signal handling in the
namespace boundary.  That is, currently the namespace's init is treated like
an ordinary task that can be killed from within an namespace.  Ideally, the
signal handling by the namespace's init should have two sides: when signaling
the init from its namespace, the init should look like a real init task, i.e.
receive only those signals, that is explicitly wants to; when signaling the
init from one of the parent namespaces, init should look like an ordinary
task, i.e.  receive any signal, only taking the general permissions into
account.

The pid namespace was developed by Pavel Emlyanov and Sukadev Bhattiprolu and
we eventually came to almost the same implementation, which differed in some
details.  This set is based on Pavel's patches, but it includes comments and
patches that from Sukadev.

Many thanks to Oleg, who reviewed the patches, pointed out many BUGs and made
valuable advises on how to make this set cleaner.

This patch:

We have to call exit_task_namespaces() only after the exiting task has
reparented all his children and is sure that no other threads will reparent
theirs for it.  Why this is needed is explained in appropriate patch.  This
one only reworks the forget_original_parent() so that after calling this a
task cannot be/become parent of any other task.

We check PF_EXITING instead of ->exit_state while choosing the new parent.
Note that tasklits_lock acts as a barrier, everyone who takes tasklist after
us (when forget_original_parent() drops it) must see PF_EXITING.

The other changes are just cleanups.  They just move some code from
exit_notify to forget_original_parent().  It is a bit silly to declare
ptrace_dead in exit_notify(), take tasklist, pass ptrace_dead to
forget_original_parent(), unlock-lock-unlock tasklist, and then use
ptrace_dead.

Signed-off-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

whitespace fixes: task exit handling

Signed-off-by: Daniel Walker <dwalker@mvista.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

mm/oom_kill.c: Use list_for_each_entry instead of list_for_each

mm/oom_kill.c: Convert list_for_each to list_for_each_entry in
oom_kill_process()

Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias.kaehlcke@gmail.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

kernel/time/clocksource.c: Use list_for_each_entry instead of list_for_each

kernel/time/clocksource.c: Convert list_for_each to
list_for_each_entry in clocksource_resume(),
sysfs_override_clocksource() and show_available_clocksources()

Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias.kaehlcke@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

kernel/exit.c: Use list_for_each_entry(_safe) instead of list_for_each(_safe)

kernel/exit.c: Convert list_for_each(_safe) to
list_for_each_entry(_safe) in forget_original_parent(), exit_notify()
and do_wait()

Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias.kaehlcke@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fs/super.c: use list_for_each_entry() instead of list_for_each()

fs/super.c: use list_for_each_entry() instead of list_for_each() in
sget()

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: clean up some crap while we're there]
Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias.kaehlcke@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fs/eventpoll.c: use list_for_each_entry() instead of list_for_each()

fs/eventpoll.c: use list_for_each_entry() instead of list_for_each()
in ep_poll_safewake()

Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias.kaehlcke@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

fs/file_table.c: use list_for_each_entry() instead of list_for_each()

fs/file_table.c: use list_for_each_entry() instead of list_for_each()
in fs_may_remount_ro()

Signed-off-by: Matthias Kaehlcke <matthias.kaehlcke@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

workqueue: debug flushing deadlocks with lockdep

In the following scenario:

code path 1:
my_function() -> lock(L1); ...; flush_workqueue(); ...

code path 2:
run_workqueue() -> my_work() -> ...; lock(L1); ...

you can get a deadlock when my_work() is queued or running
but my_function() has acquired L1 already.

This patch adds a pseudo-lock to each workqueue to make lockdep
warn about this scenario.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Signed-off-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Acked-by: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Make access to task's nsproxy lighter

When someone wants to deal with some other taks's namespaces it has to lock
the task and then to get the desired namespace if the one exists.  This is
slow on read-only paths and may be impossible in some cases.

E.g.  Oleg recently noticed a race between unshare() and the (sent for
review in cgroups) pid namespaces - when the task notifies the parent it
has to know the parent's namespace, but taking the task_lock() is
impossible there - the code is under write locked tasklist lock.

On the other hand switching the namespace on task (daemonize) and releasing
the namespace (after the last task exit) is rather rare operation and we
can sacrifice its speed to solve the issues above.

The access to other task namespaces is proposed to be performed
like this:

     rcu_read_lock();
     nsproxy = task_nsproxy(tsk);
     if (nsproxy != NULL) {
             / *
               * work with the namespaces here
               * e.g. get the reference on one of them
               * /
     } / *
         * NULL task_nsproxy() means that this task is
         * almost dead (zombie)
         * /
     rcu_read_unlock();

This patch has passed the review by Eric and Oleg :) and,
of course, tested.

[clg@fr.ibm.com: fix unshare()]
[ebiederm@xmission.com: Update get_net_ns_by_pid]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelyanov <xemul@openvz.org>
Signed-off-by: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@tv-sign.ru>
Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: move alloc_pid() to copy_process()

Move alloc_pid() into copy_process(). This will keep all pid and pid
namespace code together and simplify error handling when we support multiple
pid namespaces.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzel <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: define is_global_init() and is_container_init()

is_init() is an ambiguous name for the pid==1 check.  Split it into
is_global_init() and is_container_init().

A cgroup init has it's tsk->pid == 1.

A global init also has it's tsk->pid == 1 and it's active pid namespace
is the init_pid_ns.  But rather than check the active pid namespace,
compare the task structure with 'init_pid_ns.child_reaper', which is
initialized during boot to the /sbin/init process and never changes.

Changelog:

2.6.22-rc4-mm2-pidns1:
- Use 'init_pid_ns.child_reaper' to determine if a given task is the
  global init (/sbin/init) process. This would improve performance
  and remove dependence on the task_pid().

2.6.21-mm2-pidns2:

- [Sukadev Bhattiprolu] Changed is_container_init() calls in {powerpc,
  ppc,avr32}/traps.c for the _exception() call to is_global_init().
  This way, we kill only the cgroup if the cgroup's init has a
  bug rather than force a kernel panic.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment]
[sukadev@us.ibm.com: Use is_global_init() in arch/m32r/mm/fault.c]
[bunk@stusta.de: kernel/pid.c: remove unused exports]
[sukadev@us.ibm.com: Fix capability.c to work with threaded init]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzel <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: use task_pid() to find leader's pid

Use task_pid() to get leader's 'struct pid' and avoid the find_pid().

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzel <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: rename child_reaper() function

Rename the child_reaper() function to task_child_reaper() to be similar to
other task_* functions and to distinguish the function from 'struct
pid_namspace.child_reaper'.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzel <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: define and use task_active_pid_ns() wrapper

With multiple pid namespaces, a process is known by some pid_t in every
ancestor pid namespace.  Every time the process forks, the child process also
gets a pid_t in every ancestor pid namespace.

While a process is visible in >=1 pid namespaces, it can see pid_t's in only
one pid namespace.  We call this pid namespace it's "active pid namespace",
and it is always the youngest pid namespace in which the process is known.

This patch defines and uses a wrapper to find the active pid namespace of a
process.  The implementation of the wrapper will be changed in when support
for multiple pid namespaces are added.

Changelog:
2.6.22-rc4-mm2-pidns1:
- [Pavel Emelianov, Alexey Dobriyan] Back out the change to use
  task_active_pid_ns() in child_reaper() since task->nsproxy
  can be NULL during task exit (so child_reaper() continues to
  use init_pid_ns).

  to implement child_reaper() since init_pid_ns.child_reaper to
  implement child_reaper() since tsk->nsproxy can be NULL during exit.

2.6.21-rc6-mm1:
- Rename task_pid_ns() to task_active_pid_ns() to reflect that a
  process can have multiple pid namespaces.

Signed-off-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Cc: Eric W. Biederman <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzel <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@sw.ru>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: dynamic kmem cache allocator for pid namespaces

Add kmem_cache to pid_namespace to allocate pids from.

Since both implementations expand the struct pid to carry more numerical
values each namespace should have separate cache to store pids of different
sizes.

Each kmem cache is name "pid_<NR>", where <NR> is the number of numerical ids
on the pid.  Different namespaces with same level of nesting will have same
caches.

This patch has two FIXMEs that are to be fixed after we reach the consensus
about the struct pid itself.

The first one is that the namespace to free the pid from in free_pid() must be
taken from pid.  Now the init_pid_ns is used.

The second FIXME is about the cache allocation.  When we do know how long the
object will be then we'll have to calculate this size in create_pid_cachep.
Right now the sizeof(struct pid) value is used.

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style repair]
Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: make get_pid_ns() return the namespace itself

Make get_pid_ns() return the namespace itself to look like the other getters
and make the code using it look nicer.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

pid namespaces: round up the API

The set of functions process_session, task_session, process_group and
task_pgrp is confusing, as the names can be mixed with each other when looking
at the code for a long time.

The proposals are to
* equip the functions that return the integer with _nr suffix to
represent that fact,
* and to make all functions work with task (not process) by making
the common prefix of the same name.

For monotony the routines signal_session() and set_signal_session() are
replaced with task_session_nr() and set_task_session(), especially since they
are only used with the explicit task->signal dereference.

Signed-off-by: Pavel Emelianov <xemul@openvz.org>
Acked-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Sukadev Bhattiprolu <sukadev@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

cgroups: implement namespace tracking subsystem

When a task enters a new namespace via a clone() or unshare(), a new cgroup
is created and the task moves into it.

This version names cgroups which are automatically created using
cgroup_clone() as "node_<pid>" where pid is the pid of the unsharing or
cloned process. (Thanks Pavel for the idea) This is safe because if the
process unshares again, it will create

/cgroups/(...)/node_<pid>/node_<pid>

The only possibilities (AFAICT) for a -EEXIST on unshare are

1. pid wraparound
2. a process fails an unshare, then tries again.

Case 1 is unlikely enough that I ignore it (at least for now). In case 2, the
node_<pid> will be empty and can be rmdir'ed to make the subsequent unshare()
succeed.

Changelog:
Name cloned cgroups as "node_<pid>".

[clg@fr.ibm.com: fix order of cgroup subsystems in init/Kconfig]
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Add cgroupstats

This patch is inspired by the discussion at
http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/4/11/187 and implements per cgroup statistics
as suggested by Andrew Morton in http://lkml.org/lkml/2007/4/11/263.  The
patch is on top of 2.6.21-mm1 with Paul's cgroups v9 patches (forward
ported)

This patch implements per cgroup statistics infrastructure and re-uses
code from the taskstats interface.  A new set of cgroup operations are
registered with commands and attributes.  It should be very easy to
*extend* per cgroup statistics, by adding members to the cgroupstats
structure.

The current model for cgroupstats is a pull, a push model (to post
statistics on interesting events), should be very easy to add.  Currently
user space requests for statistics by passing the cgroup file
descriptor.  Statistics about the state of all the tasks in the cgroup
is returned to user space.

TODO's/NOTE:

This patch provides an infrastructure for implementing cgroup statistics.
Based on the needs of each controller, we can incrementally add more statistics,
event based support for notification of statistics, accumulation of taskstats
into cgroup statistics in the future.

Sample output

# ./cgroupstats -C /cgroup/a
sleeping 2, blocked 0, running 1, stopped 0, uninterruptible 0

# ./cgroupstats -C /cgroup/
sleeping 154, blocked 0, running 0, stopped 0, uninterruptible 0

If the approach looks good, I'll enhance and post the user space utility for
the same

Feedback, comments, test results are always welcome!

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Jay Lan <jlan@engr.sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

task cgroups: enable cgroups by default in some configs

In pre-cgroup cpusets, a few config files enabled cpusets by default.

Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Task Control Groups: simple task cgroup debug info subsystem

This example subsystem exports debugging information as an aid to diagnosing
refcount leaks, etc, in the cgroup framework.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Task Control Groups: example CPU accounting subsystem

This example demonstrates how to use the generic cgroup subsystem for a
simple resource tracker that counts, for the processes in a cgroup, the
total CPU time used and the %CPU used in the last complete 10 second interval.

Portions contributed by Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Task Control Groups: make cpusets a client of cgroups

Remove the filesystem support logic from the cpusets system and makes cpusets
a cgroup subsystem

The "cpuset" filesystem becomes a dummy filesystem; attempts to mount it get
passed through to the cgroup filesystem with the appropriate options to
emulate the old cpuset filesystem behaviour.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Task Control Groups: automatic userspace notification of idle cgroups

Add the following files to the cgroup filesystem:

notify_on_release - configures/reports whether the cgroup subsystem should
attempt to run a release script when this cgroup becomes unused

release_agent - configures/reports the release agent to be used for this
hierarchy (top level in each hierarchy only)

releasable - reports whether this cgroup would have been auto-released if
notify_on_release was true and a release agent was configured (mainly useful
for debugging)

To avoid locking issues, invoking the userspace release agent is done via a
workqueue task; cgroups that need to have their release agents invoked by
the workqueue task are linked on to a list.

[pj@sgi.com: Need to include kmod.h]
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Task Control Groups: shared cgroup subsystem group arrays

Replace the struct css_set embedded in task_struct with a pointer; all tasks
that have the same set of memberships across all hierarchies will share a
css_set object, and will be linked via their css_sets field to the "tasks"
list_head in the css_set.

Assuming that many tasks share the same cgroup assignments, this reduces
overall space usage and keeps the size of the task_struct down (three pointers
added to task_struct compared to a non-cgroups kernel, no matter how many
subsystems are registered).

[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix a printk]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Task Control Groups: add procfs interface

Add:

/proc/cgroups - general system info

/proc/*/cgroup - per-task cgroup membership info

[a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl: cgroups: bdi init hooks]
Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>

Task Control Groups: add cgroup_clone() interface

Add support for cgroup_clone(), a way to create new cgroups intended to
be used for systems such as namespace unsharing. A new subsystem callback,
post_clone(), is added to allow subsystems to automatically configure cloned
cgroups.

Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com>
Cc: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com>
Cc: Kirill Korotaev <dev@openvz.org>
Cc: Herbert Poetzl <herbert@13thfloor.at>
Cc: Srivatsa Vaddagiri <vatsa@in.ibm.com>
Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>