- documents the kernel probes debugging feature.
kref.txt
- docs on adding reference counters (krefs) to kernel objects.
-laptop-mode.txt
- - how to conserve battery power using laptop-mode.
laptops/
- directory with laptop related info and laptop driver documentation.
ldm.txt
-----------
laptop_mode is a knob that controls "laptop mode". All the things that are
-controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptop-mode.txt.
+controlled by this knob are discussed in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt.
block_dump
----------
block_dump enables block I/O debugging when set to a nonzero value. More
-information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptop-mode.txt.
+information on block I/O debugging is in Documentation/laptops/laptop-mode.txt.
swap_token_timeout
------------------
+++ /dev/null
-How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode
------------------------------------------------
-
-Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk)
-Date created: January 2, 2004
-Last modified: December 06, 2004
-
-Introduction
-------------
-
-Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up,
-to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant
-power savings.
-
-Contents
---------
-
-* Introduction
-* Installation
-* Caveats
-* The Details
-* Tips & Tricks
-* Control script
-* ACPI integration
-* Monitoring tool
-
-
-Installation
-------------
-
-To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options
-or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and
-laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For
-your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at:
-
-http://www.samwel.tk/laptop_mode/laptop_mode/
-
-To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is
-located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in
-/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems.
-
-Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for
-laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop
-mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to
-stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now
-has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.)
-
-
-Caveats
--------
-
-* The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10
- minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI
- scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out,
- so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life.
-
-* Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown
- cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet).
- Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you
- don't need to.
-
-* If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then
- the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set
- DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the
- wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab.
-
-* If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then
- the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting.
- You must list the filesystems with their true type instead.
-
-* It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access
- times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and
- experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option
- DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file.
-
-
-The Details
------------
-
-Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is
-present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any
-configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might
-have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The
-result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up
-anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written
-immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode
-knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush
-is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to
-0 disables laptop mode.
-
-To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode
-control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in
-/proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are
-dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also
-changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages
-is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for
-ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script),
-this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which
-occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by
-a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity.
-
-If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can
-gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag
-is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and
-all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk
-needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of
-block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using
-"dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes
-kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise
-the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not
-normally there.
-
-
-Configuration
--------------
-
-The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on
-Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It
-contains the following options:
-
-MAX_AGE:
-
-Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
-amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode.
-
-MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:
-
-Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of
-battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes.
-
-AC_HD/BATT_HD:
-
-The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode
-is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are
-20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The
-possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the
-"-S" option.
-
-HD:
-
-The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode.
-Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space.
-
-READAHEAD:
-
-Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large
-readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are
-loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data
-(MP3s).
-
-DO_REMOUNTS:
-
-The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems
-with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this
-feature is disabled.
-
-DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:
-
-When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option?
-Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require
-access time recording.
-
-DIRTY_RATIO:
-
-The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
-before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to
-the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl.
-
-DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:
-
-The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
-after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set
-this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
-sysctl.
-
-Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different
-when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive,
-dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts
-start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts
-are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback
-is done when dirty_ratio is reached.
-
-DO_CPU:
-
-Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
-See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.)
-
-CPU_MAXFREQ:
-
-When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal
-values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at,
-or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies.
-
-
-Tips & Tricks
--------------
-
-* Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top
- of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1).
-
-* You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead
- to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at
- once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek
- Kania.)
-
-* Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number
- of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen
- this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that
- might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users."
-
-* In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the
- file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't
- spin down, this is a likely culprit.
-
-* Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd
- (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode
- from doing its thing.
-
-* If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB
- memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though
- that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse
- may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling
- filesystems on flash memory sticks.)
-
-
-Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts
--------------------------------------------------------
-
-This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external
-configuration file
-
-It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as
-/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes.
-
---------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN-------------------------------------------
-# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
-# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
-#MAX_AGE=600
-
-# Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery
-# that you have left goes below this threshold.
-MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10
-
-# Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG
-# by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk
-# will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is
-# playing.
-#READAHEAD=4096
-
-# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
-#DO_REMOUNTS=1
-
-# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
-#DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1
-
-# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process
-# which
-# calls write() does its own writeback
-#DIRTY_RATIO=40
-
-#
-# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
-# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
-# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once
-# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
-#
-#DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5
-
-# kernel default dirty buffer age
-#DEF_AGE=30
-#DEF_UPDATE=5
-#DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10
-#DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40
-#DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15
-#DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30
-#DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1
-
-# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
-# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
-# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still
-# needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for
-# external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't
-# need to change this on 2.6.
-#XFS_HZ=100
-
-# Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery?
-# Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
-# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
-#DO_CPU=0
-
-# When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should
-# use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your
-# CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in:
-# /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies
-# Only applicable if DO_CPU=1.
-#CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest
-
-# Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option)
-# Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4).
-#AC_HD=244
-#BATT_HD=4
-
-# The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space,
-# e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb".
-#HD="/dev/hda"
-
-# Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive?
-#DO_HD=1
-
---------------------CONFIG FILE END---------------------------------------------
-
-
-Control script
---------------
-
-Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks
-to Kiko Piris).
-
---------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN----------------------------------------
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when
-# ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop
-#
-# install as /sbin/laptop_mode
-#
-# Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris
-# Bart Samwel
-# Micha Feigin
-# Andrew Morton
-# Herve Eychenne
-# Dax Kelson
-#
-# Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe
-
-#############################################################################
-
-# Source config
-if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
- # Debian
- . /etc/default/laptop-mode
-elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
- # Others
- . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
-fi
-
-# Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete
-# set defaults instead:
-
-# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
-# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
-# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
-MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'}
-
-# Read-ahead, in kilobytes
-READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'}
-
-# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
-DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'}
-
-# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
-DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'}
-
-# Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive?
-DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'}
-
-# Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive?
-HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}"
-
-# spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values)
-AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'}
-BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'}
-
-# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which
-# calls write() does its own writeback
-DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
-
-# cpu frequency scaling
-# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
-DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'}
-CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'}
-
-#
-# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
-# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
-# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once
-# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
-#
-DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'}
-
-# kernel default dirty buffer age
-DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'}
-DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'}
-DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'}
-DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
-DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'}
-DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'}
-DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'}
-
-# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
-# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
-# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs
-# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external
-# interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to
-# change this on 2.6.
-XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'}
-
-#############################################################################
-
-KLEVEL="$(uname -r |
- {
- IFS='.' read a b c
- echo $a.$b
- }
-)"
-case "$KLEVEL" in
- "2.4"|"2.6")
- ;;
- *)
- echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2
- exit 1
- ;;
-esac
-
-if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
- echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2
- exit 1
-fi
-
-if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
- echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2
- exit 1
-fi
-
-# Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from
-# a mount options string (the rest of the parameters).
-parse_mount_opts () {
- OPT="$1"
- shift
- echo ",$*," | sed \
- -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \
- -e 's/,,*/,/g' \
- -e 's/^,//' \
- -e 's/,$//'
-}
-
-# Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from
-# a mount option string (the rest of the parameters).
-parse_nonumber_mount_opts () {
- OPT="$1"
- shift
- echo ",$*," | sed \
- -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \
- -e 's/,,*/,/g' \
- -e 's/^,//' \
- -e 's/,$//'
-}
-
-# Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in
-# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
-# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
-# is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default
-# value the third. The remainder is the mount options string.
-#
-# Example:
-# parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime
-#
-# If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result
-# will be "defaults,atime".
-parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () {
- L_DEV="$1"
- OPT="$2"
- DEF_OPT="$3"
- shift 3
- L_OPTS="$*"
- PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
- PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)"
- # Watch for a default atime in fstab
- FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
- if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
- # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it
- if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
- echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT"
- else
- # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT.
- echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT"
- fi
- else
- # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default.
- echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT"
- fi
-}
-
-# Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in
-# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
-# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
-# is the first argument, and the option name the second. The
-# remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement
-# must be done.
-#
-# Example:
-# parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7
-#
-# If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the
-# result will be "rw,commit=3".
-parse_mount_opts_wfstab () {
- L_DEV="$1"
- OPT="$2"
- shift 2
- L_OPTS="$*"
- PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
- # Watch for a default commit in fstab
- FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
- if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then
- # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it
- echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT="
- echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \
- -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \
- -e 's/,.*//'
- else
- # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0
- echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0"
- fi
-}
-
-deduce_fstype () {
- MP="$1"
- # My root filesystem unfortunately has
- # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter
- # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab.
- cat /etc/fstab |
- grep -v '^#' |
- while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do
- if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then
- echo $FSTAB_FST
- exit 0
- fi
- done
-}
-
-if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then
- NOATIME_OPT=",noatime"
-fi
-
-case "$1" in
- start)
- AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE))
- XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE))
- echo -n "Starting laptop_mode"
-
- if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then
- # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.)
- # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when
- # laptop mode is enabled.
- echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age
- echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
- elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
- # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.)
- # The same goes for these.
- echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer
- echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
- elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then
- # (2.6.6)
- # But not for these -- they are also used in normal
- # operation.
- echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
- echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
- elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
- # (2.6.7 upwards)
- # And not for these either. These are in centisecs,
- # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE.
- echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
- echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
- echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
- fi
-
- case "$KLEVEL" in
- "2.4")
- echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
- echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
- ;;
- "2.6")
- echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
- echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
- echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
- echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
- echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
- ;;
- esac
- if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then
- cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
- PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")"
- if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
- FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
- fi
- case "$FST" in
- "ext3"|"reiserfs")
- PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")"
- mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT
- ;;
- "xfs")
- mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT
- ;;
- esac
- if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
- blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV
- fi
- done
- fi
- if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
- for THISHD in $HD ; do
- /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
- /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
- done
- fi
- if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
- if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then
- CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq`
- fi
- echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
- fi
- echo "."
- ;;
- stop)
- U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE))
- B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE))
- echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode"
- echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
- if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
- # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*.
- echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
- echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
- elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
- # These need to be restored as well.
- echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
- echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
- echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
- fi
- case "$KLEVEL" in
- "2.4")
- echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
- ;;
- "2.6")
- echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
- echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
- echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
- echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
- ;;
- esac
- if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then
- cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
- # Reset commit and atime options to defaults.
- if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
- FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
- fi
- case "$FST" in
- "ext3"|"reiserfs")
- PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)"
- PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)"
- mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
- ;;
- "xfs")
- PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)"
- mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
- ;;
- esac
- if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
- blockdev --setra 256 $DEV
- fi
- done
- fi
- if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
- for THISHD in $HD ; do
- /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
- /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
- done
- fi
- if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
- echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
- fi
- echo "."
- ;;
- *)
- echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1
- exit 1
- ;;
-
-esac
-
-exit 0
---------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------
-
-
-ACPI integration
-----------------
-
-Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will
-kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that
-automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was
-written by Jan Topinski.
-
------------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------
-event=ac_adapter
-action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e
-----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END---------------------------------
-
-
------------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN---------------------------------
-event=battery.*
-action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e
-----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------
-
-
-----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN-----------------------------------
-#!/bin/bash
-
-# ac on/offline event handler
-
-status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state`
-
-case $status in
- "on-line")
- /sbin/laptop_mode stop
- exit 0
- ;;
- "off-line")
- /sbin/laptop_mode start
- exit 0
- ;;
-esac
----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END--------------------------
-
-
----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN-------------------
-#! /bin/bash
-
-# Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out.
-
-BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state
-
-if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]]
-then
- LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode`
- if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]]
- then
- if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]]
- then
- # Source the config file only now that we know we need
- if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
- # Debian
- . /etc/default/laptop-mode
- elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
- # Others
- . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
- fi
- MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'}
-
- ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`"
- if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]]
- then
- PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
- REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
- fi
- if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES))
- then
- /sbin/laptop_mode stop
- fi
- else
- logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path."
- fi
- fi
-fi
----------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END--------------------
-
-
-Monitoring tool
----------------
-
-Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk
-spends spun up/down.
-
----------------------------dslm.c BEGIN-----------------------------------------
-/*
- * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor
- * by Bartek Kania
- * Licenced under the GPL
- */
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <string.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-#include <linux/hdreg.h>
-
-#ifdef DEBUG
-#define D(x) x
-#else
-#define D(x)
-#endif
-
-int endit = 0;
-
-/* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode
- * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm.
- * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */
-int check_powermode(int fd)
-{
- unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0};
- int state;
-
- if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)
- && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */
- && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) {
- if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) {
- state = -1; /* "unknown"; */
- } else
- state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */
- } else {
- state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0;
- }
- D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state));
-
- return state;
-}
-
-char *state_name(int i)
-{
- if (i == -1) return "unknown";
- if (i == 0) return "sleeping";
- if (i == 1) return "active";
-
- return "internal error";
-}
-
-char *myctime(time_t time)
-{
- char *ts = ctime(&time);
- ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0;
-
- return ts;
-}
-
-void measure(int fd)
-{
- time_t start_time;
- int last_state;
- time_t last_time;
- int curr_state;
- time_t curr_time = 0;
- time_t time_diff;
- time_t active_time = 0;
- time_t sleep_time = 0;
- time_t unknown_time = 0;
- time_t total_time = 0;
- int changes = 0;
- float tmp;
-
- printf("Starting measurements\n");
-
- last_state = check_powermode(fd);
- start_time = last_time = time(0);
- printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state));
-
- while(!endit) {
- sleep(1);
- curr_state = check_powermode(fd);
-
- if (curr_state != last_state || endit) {
- changes++;
- curr_time = time(0);
- time_diff = curr_time - last_time;
-
- if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff;
- else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff;
- else unknown_time += time_diff;
-
- last_state = curr_state;
- last_time = curr_time;
-
- printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time),
- state_name(curr_state));
- }
- }
- changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */
-
- total_time = time(0) - start_time;
- printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time);
- printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes);
-
- tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100;
- printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp);
- tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100;
- printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp);
- tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100;
- printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp);
-}
-
-void ender(int s)
-{
- endit = 1;
-}
-
-void usage()
-{
- puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>");
- exit(0);
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char **argv)
-{
- int fd;
- char *disk = 0;
- int settle_time = 60;
-
- /* Parse the simple command-line */
- if (argc == 2)
- disk = argv[1];
- else if (argc == 4) {
- settle_time = atoi(argv[2]);
- disk = argv[3];
- } else
- usage();
-
- if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) {
- printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno));
- exit(-1);
- }
-
- if (settle_time) {
- printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to "
- "'normal'\n", settle_time);
- sleep(settle_time);
- } else
- puts("Not waiting for system to settle down");
-
- signal(SIGINT, ender);
-
- measure(fd);
-
- close(fd);
-
- return 0;
-}
----------------------------dslm.c END-------------------------------------------
- This file
acer-wmi.txt
- information on the Acer Laptop WMI Extras driver.
+laptop-mode.txt
+ - how to conserve battery power using laptop-mode.
sony-laptop.txt
- Sony Notebook Control Driver (SNC) Readme.
sonypi.txt
--- /dev/null
+How to conserve battery power using laptop-mode
+-----------------------------------------------
+
+Document Author: Bart Samwel (bart@samwel.tk)
+Date created: January 2, 2004
+Last modified: December 06, 2004
+
+Introduction
+------------
+
+Laptop mode is used to minimize the time that the hard disk needs to be spun up,
+to conserve battery power on laptops. It has been reported to cause significant
+power savings.
+
+Contents
+--------
+
+* Introduction
+* Installation
+* Caveats
+* The Details
+* Tips & Tricks
+* Control script
+* ACPI integration
+* Monitoring tool
+
+
+Installation
+------------
+
+To use laptop mode, you don't need to set any kernel configuration options
+or anything. Simply install all the files included in this document, and
+laptop mode will automatically be started when you're on battery. For
+your convenience, a tarball containing an installer can be downloaded at:
+
+http://www.samwel.tk/laptop_mode/laptop_mode/
+
+To configure laptop mode, you need to edit the configuration file, which is
+located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian-based systems, or in
+/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems.
+
+Unfortunately, automatic enabling of laptop mode does not work for
+laptops that don't have ACPI. On those laptops, you need to start laptop
+mode manually. To start laptop mode, run "laptop_mode start", and to
+stop it, run "laptop_mode stop". (Note: The laptop mode tools package now
+has experimental support for APM, you might want to try that first.)
+
+
+Caveats
+-------
+
+* The downside of laptop mode is that you have a chance of losing up to 10
+ minutes of work. If you cannot afford this, don't use it! The supplied ACPI
+ scripts automatically turn off laptop mode when the battery almost runs out,
+ so that you won't lose any data at the end of your battery life.
+
+* Most desktop hard drives have a very limited lifetime measured in spindown
+ cycles, typically about 50.000 times (it's usually listed on the spec sheet).
+ Check your drive's rating, and don't wear down your drive's lifetime if you
+ don't need to.
+
+* If you mount some of your ext3/reiserfs filesystems with the -n option, then
+ the control script will not be able to remount them correctly. You must set
+ DO_REMOUNTS=0 in the control script, otherwise it will remount them with the
+ wrong options -- or it will fail because it cannot write to /etc/mtab.
+
+* If you have your filesystems listed as type "auto" in fstab, like I did, then
+ the control script will not recognize them as filesystems that need remounting.
+ You must list the filesystems with their true type instead.
+
+* It has been reported that some versions of the mutt mail client use file access
+ times to determine whether a folder contains new mail. If you use mutt and
+ experience this, you must disable the noatime remounting by setting the option
+ DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME to 0 in the configuration file.
+
+
+The Details
+-----------
+
+Laptop mode is controlled by the knob /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode. This knob is
+present for all kernels that have the laptop mode patch, regardless of any
+configuration options. When the knob is set, any physical disk I/O (that might
+have caused the hard disk to spin up) causes Linux to flush all dirty blocks. The
+result of this is that after a disk has spun down, it will not be spun up
+anymore to write dirty blocks, because those blocks had already been written
+immediately after the most recent read operation. The value of the laptop_mode
+knob determines the time between the occurrence of disk I/O and when the flush
+is triggered. A sensible value for the knob is 5 seconds. Setting the knob to
+0 disables laptop mode.
+
+To increase the effectiveness of the laptop_mode strategy, the laptop_mode
+control script increases dirty_expire_centisecs and dirty_writeback_centisecs in
+/proc/sys/vm to about 10 minutes (by default), which means that pages that are
+dirtied are not forced to be written to disk as often. The control script also
+changes the dirty background ratio, so that background writeback of dirty pages
+is not done anymore. Combined with a higher commit value (also 10 minutes) for
+ext3 or ReiserFS filesystems (also done automatically by the control script),
+this results in concentration of disk activity in a small time interval which
+occurs only once every 10 minutes, or whenever the disk is forced to spin up by
+a cache miss. The disk can then be spun down in the periods of inactivity.
+
+If you want to find out which process caused the disk to spin up, you can
+gather information by setting the flag /proc/sys/vm/block_dump. When this flag
+is set, Linux reports all disk read and write operations that take place, and
+all block dirtyings done to files. This makes it possible to debug why a disk
+needs to spin up, and to increase battery life even more. The output of
+block_dump is written to the kernel output, and it can be retrieved using
+"dmesg". When you use block_dump and your kernel logging level also includes
+kernel debugging messages, you probably want to turn off klogd, otherwise
+the output of block_dump will be logged, causing disk activity that is not
+normally there.
+
+
+Configuration
+-------------
+
+The laptop mode configuration file is located in /etc/default/laptop-mode on
+Debian-based systems, or in /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on other systems. It
+contains the following options:
+
+MAX_AGE:
+
+Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
+comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+amount of work if your battery fails while you're in laptop mode.
+
+MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:
+
+Automatically disable laptop mode if the remaining number of minutes of
+battery power is less than this value. Default is 10 minutes.
+
+AC_HD/BATT_HD:
+
+The idle timeout that should be set on your hard drive when laptop mode
+is active (BATT_HD) and when it is not active (AC_HD). The defaults are
+20 seconds (value 4) for BATT_HD and 2 hours (value 244) for AC_HD. The
+possible values are those listed in the manual page for "hdparm" for the
+"-S" option.
+
+HD:
+
+The devices for which the spindown timeout should be adjusted by laptop mode.
+Default is /dev/hda. If you specify multiple devices, separate them by a space.
+
+READAHEAD:
+
+Disk readahead, in 512-byte sectors, while laptop mode is active. A large
+readahead can prevent disk accesses for things like executable pages (which are
+loaded on demand while the application executes) and sequentially accessed data
+(MP3s).
+
+DO_REMOUNTS:
+
+The control script automatically remounts any mounted journaled filesystems
+with appropriate commit interval options. When this option is set to 0, this
+feature is disabled.
+
+DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:
+
+When remounting, should the filesystems be remounted with the noatime option?
+Normally, this is set to "1" (enabled), but there may be programs that require
+access time recording.
+
+DIRTY_RATIO:
+
+The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
+before a writeback is forced, while laptop mode is active. Corresponds to
+the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio sysctl.
+
+DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:
+
+The percentage of memory that is allowed to contain "dirty" or unsaved data
+after a forced writeback is done due to an exceeding of DIRTY_RATIO. Set
+this nice and low. This corresponds to the /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
+sysctl.
+
+Note that the behaviour of dirty_background_ratio is quite different
+when laptop mode is active and when it isn't. When laptop mode is inactive,
+dirty_background_ratio is the threshold percentage at which background writeouts
+start taking place. When laptop mode is active, however, background writeouts
+are disabled, and the dirty_background_ratio only determines how much writeback
+is done when dirty_ratio is reached.
+
+DO_CPU:
+
+Enable CPU frequency scaling when in laptop mode. (Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
+See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info. Disabled by default.)
+
+CPU_MAXFREQ:
+
+When on battery, what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should use? Legal
+values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your CPU is able to operate at,
+or a value listed in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies.
+
+
+Tips & Tricks
+-------------
+
+* Bartek Kania reports getting up to 50 minutes of extra battery life (on top
+ of his regular 3 to 3.5 hours) using a spindown time of 5 seconds (BATT_HD=1).
+
+* You can spin down the disk while playing MP3, by setting disk readahead
+ to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk will read a complete MP3 at
+ once, and will then spin down while the MP3 is playing. (Thanks to Bartek
+ Kania.)
+
+* Drew Scott Daniels observed: "I don't know why, but when I decrease the number
+ of colours that my display uses it consumes less battery power. I've seen
+ this on powerbooks too. I hope that this is a piece of information that
+ might be useful to the Laptop Mode patch or it's users."
+
+* In syslog.conf, you can prefix entries with a dash ``-'' to omit syncing the
+ file after every logging. When you're using laptop-mode and your disk doesn't
+ spin down, this is a likely culprit.
+
+* Richard Atterer observed that laptop mode does not work well with noflushd
+ (http://noflushd.sourceforge.net/), it seems that noflushd prevents laptop-mode
+ from doing its thing.
+
+* If you're worried about your data, you might want to consider using a USB
+ memory stick or something like that as a "working area". (Be aware though
+ that flash memory can only handle a limited number of writes, and overuse
+ may wear out your memory stick pretty quickly. Do _not_ use journalling
+ filesystems on flash memory sticks.)
+
+
+Configuration file for control and ACPI battery scripts
+-------------------------------------------------------
+
+This allows the tunables to be changed for the scripts via an external
+configuration file
+
+It should be installed as /etc/default/laptop-mode on Debian, and as
+/etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode on Red Hat, SUSE, Mandrake, and other work-alikes.
+
+--------------------CONFIG FILE BEGIN-------------------------------------------
+# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
+# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
+#MAX_AGE=600
+
+# Automatically disable laptop mode when the number of minutes of battery
+# that you have left goes below this threshold.
+MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=10
+
+# Read-ahead, in 512-byte sectors. You can spin down the disk while playing MP3/OGG
+# by setting the disk readahead to 8MB (READAHEAD=16384). Effectively, the disk
+# will read a complete MP3 at once, and will then spin down while the MP3/OGG is
+# playing.
+#READAHEAD=4096
+
+# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
+#DO_REMOUNTS=1
+
+# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
+#DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=1
+
+# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process
+# which
+# calls write() does its own writeback
+#DIRTY_RATIO=40
+
+#
+# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
+# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
+# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once
+# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
+#
+#DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=5
+
+# kernel default dirty buffer age
+#DEF_AGE=30
+#DEF_UPDATE=5
+#DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=10
+#DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=40
+#DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=15
+#DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=30
+#DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=1
+
+# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
+# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
+# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still
+# needs# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for
+# external interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't
+# need to change this on 2.6.
+#XFS_HZ=100
+
+# Should the maximum CPU frequency be adjusted down while on battery?
+# Requires CPUFreq to be setup.
+# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
+#DO_CPU=0
+
+# When on battery what is the maximum CPU speed that the system should
+# use? Legal values are "slowest" for the slowest speed that your
+# CPU is able to operate at, or a value listed in:
+# /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_frequencies
+# Only applicable if DO_CPU=1.
+#CPU_MAXFREQ=slowest
+
+# Idle timeout for your hard drive (man hdparm for valid values, -S option)
+# Default is 2 hours on AC (AC_HD=244) and 20 seconds for battery (BATT_HD=4).
+#AC_HD=244
+#BATT_HD=4
+
+# The drives for which to adjust the idle timeout. Separate them by a space,
+# e.g. HD="/dev/hda /dev/hdb".
+#HD="/dev/hda"
+
+# Set the spindown timeout on a hard drive?
+#DO_HD=1
+
+--------------------CONFIG FILE END---------------------------------------------
+
+
+Control script
+--------------
+
+Please note that this control script works for the Linux 2.4 and 2.6 series (thanks
+to Kiko Piris).
+
+--------------------CONTROL SCRIPT BEGIN----------------------------------------
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# start or stop laptop_mode, best run by a power management daemon when
+# ac gets connected/disconnected from a laptop
+#
+# install as /sbin/laptop_mode
+#
+# Contributors to this script: Kiko Piris
+# Bart Samwel
+# Micha Feigin
+# Andrew Morton
+# Herve Eychenne
+# Dax Kelson
+#
+# Original Linux 2.4 version by: Jens Axboe
+
+#############################################################################
+
+# Source config
+if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
+ # Debian
+ . /etc/default/laptop-mode
+elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
+ # Others
+ . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
+fi
+
+# Don't raise an error if the config file is incomplete
+# set defaults instead:
+
+# Maximum time, in seconds, of hard drive spindown time that you are
+# comfortable with. Worst case, it's possible that you could lose this
+# amount of work if your battery fails you while in laptop mode.
+MAX_AGE=${MAX_AGE:-'600'}
+
+# Read-ahead, in kilobytes
+READAHEAD=${READAHEAD:-'4096'}
+
+# Shall we remount journaled fs. with appropriate commit interval? (1=yes)
+DO_REMOUNTS=${DO_REMOUNTS:-'1'}
+
+# And shall we add the "noatime" option to that as well? (1=yes)
+DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME=${DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME:-'1'}
+
+# Shall we adjust the idle timeout on a hard drive?
+DO_HD=${DO_HD:-'1'}
+
+# Adjust idle timeout on which hard drive?
+HD="${HD:-'/dev/hda'}"
+
+# spindown time for HD (hdparm -S values)
+AC_HD=${AC_HD:-'244'}
+BATT_HD=${BATT_HD:-'4'}
+
+# Dirty synchronous ratio. At this percentage of dirty pages the process which
+# calls write() does its own writeback
+DIRTY_RATIO=${DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
+
+# cpu frequency scaling
+# See Documentation/cpu-freq/user-guide.txt for more info
+DO_CPU=${CPU_MANAGE:-'0'}
+CPU_MAXFREQ=${CPU_MAXFREQ:-'slowest'}
+
+#
+# Allowed dirty background ratio, in percent. Once DIRTY_RATIO has been
+# exceeded, the kernel will wake pdflush which will then reduce the amount
+# of dirty memory to dirty_background_ratio. Set this nice and low, so once
+# some writeout has commenced, we do a lot of it.
+#
+DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'5'}
+
+# kernel default dirty buffer age
+DEF_AGE=${DEF_AGE:-'30'}
+DEF_UPDATE=${DEF_UPDATE:-'5'}
+DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO:-'10'}
+DEF_DIRTY_RATIO=${DEF_DIRTY_RATIO:-'40'}
+DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER=${DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER:-'15'}
+DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL:-'30'}
+DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL=${DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL:-'1'}
+
+# This must be adjusted manually to the value of HZ in the running kernel
+# on 2.4, until the XFS people change their 2.4 external interfaces to work in
+# centisecs. This can be automated, but it's a work in progress that still needs
+# some fixes. On 2.6 kernels, XFS uses USER_HZ instead of HZ for external
+# interfaces, and that is currently always set to 100. So you don't need to
+# change this on 2.6.
+XFS_HZ=${XFS_HZ:-'100'}
+
+#############################################################################
+
+KLEVEL="$(uname -r |
+ {
+ IFS='.' read a b c
+ echo $a.$b
+ }
+)"
+case "$KLEVEL" in
+ "2.4"|"2.6")
+ ;;
+ *)
+ echo "Unhandled kernel version: $KLEVEL ('uname -r' = '$(uname -r)')" >&2
+ exit 1
+ ;;
+esac
+
+if [ ! -e /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
+ echo "Kernel is not patched with laptop_mode patch." >&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ ! -w /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ] ; then
+ echo "You do not have enough privileges to enable laptop_mode." >&2
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+# Remove an option (the first parameter) of the form option=<number> from
+# a mount options string (the rest of the parameters).
+parse_mount_opts () {
+ OPT="$1"
+ shift
+ echo ",$*," | sed \
+ -e 's/,'"$OPT"'=[0-9]*,/,/g' \
+ -e 's/,,*/,/g' \
+ -e 's/^,//' \
+ -e 's/,$//'
+}
+
+# Remove an option (the first parameter) without any arguments from
+# a mount option string (the rest of the parameters).
+parse_nonumber_mount_opts () {
+ OPT="$1"
+ shift
+ echo ",$*," | sed \
+ -e 's/,'"$OPT"',/,/g' \
+ -e 's/,,*/,/g' \
+ -e 's/^,//' \
+ -e 's/,$//'
+}
+
+# Find out the state of a yes/no option (e.g. "atime"/"noatime") in
+# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
+# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
+# is the first argument, the option name the second, and the default
+# value the third. The remainder is the mount options string.
+#
+# Example:
+# parse_yesno_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 atime atime defaults,noatime
+#
+# If fstab contains, say, "rw" for this filesystem, then the result
+# will be "defaults,atime".
+parse_yesno_opts_wfstab () {
+ L_DEV="$1"
+ OPT="$2"
+ DEF_OPT="$3"
+ shift 3
+ L_OPTS="$*"
+ PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
+ PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_nonumber_mount_opts no$OPT $PARSEDOPTS1)"
+ # Watch for a default atime in fstab
+ FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
+ if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
+ # option specified in fstab: extract the value and use it
+ if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "no$OPT" > /dev/null ; then
+ echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,no$OPT"
+ else
+ # no$OPT not found -- so we must have $OPT.
+ echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT"
+ fi
+ else
+ # option not specified in fstab -- choose the default.
+ echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$DEF_OPT"
+ fi
+}
+
+# Find out the state of a numbered option (e.g. "commit=NNN") in
+# fstab for a given filesystem, and use this state to replace the
+# value of the option in another mount options string. The device
+# is the first argument, and the option name the second. The
+# remainder is the mount options string in which the replacement
+# must be done.
+#
+# Example:
+# parse_mount_opts_wfstab /dev/hda1 commit defaults,commit=7
+#
+# If fstab contains, say, "commit=3,rw" for this filesystem, then the
+# result will be "rw,commit=3".
+parse_mount_opts_wfstab () {
+ L_DEV="$1"
+ OPT="$2"
+ shift 2
+ L_OPTS="$*"
+ PARSEDOPTS1="$(parse_mount_opts $OPT $L_OPTS)"
+ # Watch for a default commit in fstab
+ FSTAB_OPTS="$(awk '$1 == "'$L_DEV'" { print $4 }' /etc/fstab)"
+ if echo "$FSTAB_OPTS" | grep "$OPT=" > /dev/null ; then
+ # option specified in fstab: extract the value, and use it
+ echo -n "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT="
+ echo ",$FSTAB_OPTS," | sed \
+ -e 's/.*,'"$OPT"'=//' \
+ -e 's/,.*//'
+ else
+ # option not specified in fstab: set it to 0
+ echo "$PARSEDOPTS1,$OPT=0"
+ fi
+}
+
+deduce_fstype () {
+ MP="$1"
+ # My root filesystem unfortunately has
+ # type "unknown" in /etc/mtab. If we encounter
+ # "unknown", we try to get the type from fstab.
+ cat /etc/fstab |
+ grep -v '^#' |
+ while read FSTAB_DEV FSTAB_MP FSTAB_FST FSTAB_OPTS FSTAB_DUMP FSTAB_DUMP ; do
+ if [ "$FSTAB_MP" = "$MP" ]; then
+ echo $FSTAB_FST
+ exit 0
+ fi
+ done
+}
+
+if [ $DO_REMOUNT_NOATIME -eq 1 ] ; then
+ NOATIME_OPT=",noatime"
+fi
+
+case "$1" in
+ start)
+ AGE=$((100*$MAX_AGE))
+ XFS_AGE=$(($XFS_HZ*$MAX_AGE))
+ echo -n "Starting laptop_mode"
+
+ if [ -d /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf ] ; then
+ # (For 2.4 and early 2.6.)
+ # This only needs to be set, not reset -- it is only used when
+ # laptop mode is enabled.
+ echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/vm/pagebuf/lm_flush_age
+ echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
+ elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
+ # (A couple of early 2.6 laptop mode patches had these.)
+ # The same goes for these.
+ echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer
+ echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_sync_interval
+ elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer ] ; then
+ # (2.6.6)
+ # But not for these -- they are also used in normal
+ # operation.
+ echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
+ echo $XFS_AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
+ elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
+ # (2.6.7 upwards)
+ # And not for these either. These are in centisecs,
+ # not USER_HZ, so we have to use $AGE, not $XFS_AGE.
+ echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
+ echo $AGE > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
+ echo 3000 > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
+ fi
+
+ case "$KLEVEL" in
+ "2.4")
+ echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
+ echo "30 500 0 0 $AGE $AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
+ ;;
+ "2.6")
+ echo 5 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
+ echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
+ echo "$AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
+ echo "$DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
+ echo "$DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
+ ;;
+ esac
+ if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ]; then
+ cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
+ PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts "$OPTS")"
+ if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
+ FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
+ fi
+ case "$FST" in
+ "ext3"|"reiserfs")
+ PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts commit "$OPTS")"
+ mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS,commit=$MAX_AGE$NOATIME_OPT
+ ;;
+ "xfs")
+ mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$OPTS$NOATIME_OPT
+ ;;
+ esac
+ if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
+ blockdev --setra $(($READAHEAD * 2)) $DEV
+ fi
+ done
+ fi
+ if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
+ for THISHD in $HD ; do
+ /sbin/hdparm -S $BATT_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
+ /sbin/hdparm -B 1 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
+ done
+ fi
+ if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
+ if [ $CPU_MAXFREQ = 'slowest' ]; then
+ CPU_MAXFREQ=`cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq`
+ fi
+ echo $CPU_MAXFREQ > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
+ fi
+ echo "."
+ ;;
+ stop)
+ U_AGE=$((100*$DEF_UPDATE))
+ B_AGE=$((100*$DEF_AGE))
+ echo -n "Stopping laptop_mode"
+ echo 0 > /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode
+ if [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer -a ! -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/lm_age_buffer ] ; then
+ # These need to be restored, if there are no lm_*.
+ echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer
+ echo $(($XFS_HZ*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/sync_interval
+ elif [ -f /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs ] ; then
+ # These need to be restored as well.
+ echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_AGE_BUFFER)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/age_buffer_centisecs
+ echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_SYNC_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfssyncd_centisecs
+ echo $((100*$DEF_XFS_BUFD_INTERVAL)) > /proc/sys/fs/xfs/xfsbufd_centisecs
+ fi
+ case "$KLEVEL" in
+ "2.4")
+ echo "30 500 0 0 $U_AGE $B_AGE 60 20 0" > /proc/sys/vm/bdflush
+ ;;
+ "2.6")
+ echo "$U_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_writeback_centisecs
+ echo "$B_AGE" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs
+ echo "$DEF_DIRTY_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio
+ echo "$DEF_DIRTY_BACKGROUND_RATIO" > /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio
+ ;;
+ esac
+ if [ $DO_REMOUNTS -eq 1 ] ; then
+ cat /etc/mtab | while read DEV MP FST OPTS DUMP PASS ; do
+ # Reset commit and atime options to defaults.
+ if [ "$FST" = 'unknown' ]; then
+ FST=$(deduce_fstype $MP)
+ fi
+ case "$FST" in
+ "ext3"|"reiserfs")
+ PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_mount_opts_wfstab $DEV commit $OPTS)"
+ PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $PARSEDOPTS)"
+ mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
+ ;;
+ "xfs")
+ PARSEDOPTS="$(parse_yesno_opts_wfstab $DEV atime atime $OPTS)"
+ mount $DEV -t $FST $MP -o remount,$PARSEDOPTS
+ ;;
+ esac
+ if [ -b $DEV ] ; then
+ blockdev --setra 256 $DEV
+ fi
+ done
+ fi
+ if [ $DO_HD -eq 1 ] ; then
+ for THISHD in $HD ; do
+ /sbin/hdparm -S $AC_HD $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
+ /sbin/hdparm -B 255 $THISHD > /dev/null 2>&1
+ done
+ fi
+ if [ $DO_CPU -eq 1 -a -e /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_min_freq ]; then
+ echo `cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/cpuinfo_max_freq` > /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
+ fi
+ echo "."
+ ;;
+ *)
+ echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop}" 2>&1
+ exit 1
+ ;;
+
+esac
+
+exit 0
+--------------------CONTROL SCRIPT END------------------------------------------
+
+
+ACPI integration
+----------------
+
+Dax Kelson submitted this so that the ACPI acpid daemon will
+kick off the laptop_mode script and run hdparm. The part that
+automatically disables laptop mode when the battery is low was
+written by Jan Topinski.
+
+-----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter BEGIN------------------------------
+event=ac_adapter
+action=/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh %e
+----------------/etc/acpi/events/ac_adapter END---------------------------------
+
+
+-----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery BEGIN---------------------------------
+event=battery.*
+action=/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh %e
+----------------/etc/acpi/events/battery END------------------------------------
+
+
+----------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh BEGIN-----------------------------------
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# ac on/offline event handler
+
+status=`awk '/^state: / { print $2 }' /proc/acpi/ac_adapter/$2/state`
+
+case $status in
+ "on-line")
+ /sbin/laptop_mode stop
+ exit 0
+ ;;
+ "off-line")
+ /sbin/laptop_mode start
+ exit 0
+ ;;
+esac
+---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/ac.sh END--------------------------
+
+
+---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh BEGIN-------------------
+#! /bin/bash
+
+# Automatically disable laptop mode when the battery almost runs out.
+
+BATT_INFO=/proc/acpi/battery/$2/state
+
+if [[ -f /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode ]]
+then
+ LM=`cat /proc/sys/vm/laptop_mode`
+ if [[ $LM -gt 0 ]]
+ then
+ if [[ -f $BATT_INFO ]]
+ then
+ # Source the config file only now that we know we need
+ if [ -f /etc/default/laptop-mode ] ; then
+ # Debian
+ . /etc/default/laptop-mode
+ elif [ -f /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode ] ; then
+ # Others
+ . /etc/sysconfig/laptop-mode
+ fi
+ MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES=${MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES:-'10'}
+
+ ACTION="`cat $BATT_INFO | grep charging | cut -c 26-`"
+ if [[ ACTION -eq "discharging" ]]
+ then
+ PRESENT_RATE=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "present rate:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
+ REMAINING=`cat $BATT_INFO | grep "remaining capacity:" | sed "s/.* \([0-9][0-9]* \).*/\1/" `
+ fi
+ if (($REMAINING * 60 / $PRESENT_RATE < $MINIMUM_BATTERY_MINUTES))
+ then
+ /sbin/laptop_mode stop
+ fi
+ else
+ logger -p daemon.warning "You are using laptop mode and your battery interface $BATT_INFO is missing. This may lead to loss of data when the battery runs out. Check kernel ACPI support and /proc/acpi/battery folder, and edit /etc/acpi/battery.sh to set BATT_INFO to the correct path."
+ fi
+ fi
+fi
+---------------------------/etc/acpi/actions/battery.sh END--------------------
+
+
+Monitoring tool
+---------------
+
+Bartek Kania submitted this, it can be used to measure how much time your disk
+spends spun up/down.
+
+---------------------------dslm.c BEGIN-----------------------------------------
+/*
+ * Simple Disk Sleep Monitor
+ * by Bartek Kania
+ * Licenced under the GPL
+ */
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#include <linux/hdreg.h>
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+#define D(x) x
+#else
+#define D(x)
+#endif
+
+int endit = 0;
+
+/* Check if the disk is in powersave-mode
+ * Most of the code is stolen from hdparm.
+ * 1 = active, 0 = standby/sleep, -1 = unknown */
+int check_powermode(int fd)
+{
+ unsigned char args[4] = {WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE1,0,0,0};
+ int state;
+
+ if (ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)
+ && (args[0] = WIN_CHECKPOWERMODE2) /* try again with 0x98 */
+ && ioctl(fd, HDIO_DRIVE_CMD, &args)) {
+ if (errno != EIO || args[0] != 0 || args[1] != 0) {
+ state = -1; /* "unknown"; */
+ } else
+ state = 0; /* "sleeping"; */
+ } else {
+ state = (args[2] == 255) ? 1 : 0;
+ }
+ D(printf(" drive state is: %d\n", state));
+
+ return state;
+}
+
+char *state_name(int i)
+{
+ if (i == -1) return "unknown";
+ if (i == 0) return "sleeping";
+ if (i == 1) return "active";
+
+ return "internal error";
+}
+
+char *myctime(time_t time)
+{
+ char *ts = ctime(&time);
+ ts[strlen(ts) - 1] = 0;
+
+ return ts;
+}
+
+void measure(int fd)
+{
+ time_t start_time;
+ int last_state;
+ time_t last_time;
+ int curr_state;
+ time_t curr_time = 0;
+ time_t time_diff;
+ time_t active_time = 0;
+ time_t sleep_time = 0;
+ time_t unknown_time = 0;
+ time_t total_time = 0;
+ int changes = 0;
+ float tmp;
+
+ printf("Starting measurements\n");
+
+ last_state = check_powermode(fd);
+ start_time = last_time = time(0);
+ printf(" System is in state %s\n\n", state_name(last_state));
+
+ while(!endit) {
+ sleep(1);
+ curr_state = check_powermode(fd);
+
+ if (curr_state != last_state || endit) {
+ changes++;
+ curr_time = time(0);
+ time_diff = curr_time - last_time;
+
+ if (last_state == 1) active_time += time_diff;
+ else if (last_state == 0) sleep_time += time_diff;
+ else unknown_time += time_diff;
+
+ last_state = curr_state;
+ last_time = curr_time;
+
+ printf("%s: State-change to %s\n", myctime(curr_time),
+ state_name(curr_state));
+ }
+ }
+ changes--; /* Compensate for SIGINT */
+
+ total_time = time(0) - start_time;
+ printf("\nTotal running time: %lus\n", curr_time - start_time);
+ printf(" State changed %d times\n", changes);
+
+ tmp = (float)sleep_time / (float)total_time * 100;
+ printf(" Time in sleep state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", sleep_time, tmp);
+ tmp = (float)active_time / (float)total_time * 100;
+ printf(" Time in active state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", active_time, tmp);
+ tmp = (float)unknown_time / (float)total_time * 100;
+ printf(" Time in unknown state: %lus (%.2f%%)\n", unknown_time, tmp);
+}
+
+void ender(int s)
+{
+ endit = 1;
+}
+
+void usage()
+{
+ puts("usage: dslm [-w <time>] <disk>");
+ exit(0);
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char **argv)
+{
+ int fd;
+ char *disk = 0;
+ int settle_time = 60;
+
+ /* Parse the simple command-line */
+ if (argc == 2)
+ disk = argv[1];
+ else if (argc == 4) {
+ settle_time = atoi(argv[2]);
+ disk = argv[3];
+ } else
+ usage();
+
+ if (!(fd = open(disk, O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK))) {
+ printf("Can't open %s, because: %s\n", disk, strerror(errno));
+ exit(-1);
+ }
+
+ if (settle_time) {
+ printf("Waiting %d seconds for the system to settle down to "
+ "'normal'\n", settle_time);
+ sleep(settle_time);
+ } else
+ puts("Not waiting for system to settle down");
+
+ signal(SIGINT, ender);
+
+ measure(fd);
+
+ close(fd);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+---------------------------dslm.c END-------------------------------------------
projects / firefly-linux-kernel-4.4.55.git / commitdiff