Support vector casts in more places, fixing a variety of assertion

Support vector casts in more places, fixing a variety of assertion
failures.

To support this, add some utility functions to Type to help support
vector/scalar-independent code. Change ConstantInt::get and
ConstantFP::get to support vector types, and add an overload to
ConstantInt::get that uses a static IntegerType type, for
convenience.

Introduce a new getConstant method for ScalarEvolution, to simplify
common use cases.

git-svn-id: https://llvm.org/svn/llvm-project/llvm/trunk@73431 91177308-0d34-0410-b5e6-96231b3b80d8