+/**
+ * A type trait to remove all const volatile and reference qualifiers on a
+ * type T
+ */
+template <typename T>
+struct remove_cvref {
+ using type =
+ typename std::remove_cv<typename std::remove_reference<T>::type>::type;
+};
+template <typename T>
+using remove_cvref_t = typename remove_cvref<T>::type;
+
+/**
+ * type_t
+ *
+ * A type alias for the first template type argument. `type_t` is useful for
+ * controlling class-template and function-template partial specialization.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ * template <typename Value>
+ * class Container {
+ * public:
+ * template <typename... Args>
+ * Container(
+ * type_t<in_place_t, decltype(Value(std::declval<Args>()...))>,
+ * Args&&...);
+ * };
+ *
+ * void_t
+ *
+ * A type alias for `void`. `void_t` is useful for controling class-template
+ * and function-template partial specialization.
+ *
+ * Example:
+ *
+ * // has_value_type<T>::value is true if T has a nested type `value_type`
+ * template <class T, class = void>
+ * struct has_value_type
+ * : std::false_type {};
+ *
+ * template <class T>
+ * struct has_value_type<T, folly::void_t<typename T::value_type>>
+ * : std::true_type {};
+ */
+
+/**
+ * There is a bug in libstdc++, libc++, and MSVC's STL that causes it to
+ * ignore unused template parameter arguments in template aliases and does not
+ * cause substitution failures. This defect has been recorded here:
+ * http://open-std.org/JTC1/SC22/WG21/docs/cwg_defects.html#1558.
+ *
+ * This causes the implementation of std::void_t to be buggy, as it is likely
+ * defined as something like the following:
+ *
+ * template <typename...>
+ * using void_t = void;
+ *
+ * This causes the compiler to ignore all the template arguments and does not
+ * help when one wants to cause substitution failures. Rather declarations
+ * which have void_t in orthogonal specializations are treated as the same.
+ * For example, assuming the possible `T` types are only allowed to have
+ * either the alias `one` or `two` and never both or none:
+ *
+ * template <typename T,
+ * typename std::void_t<std::decay_t<T>::one>* = nullptr>
+ * void foo(T&&) {}
+ * template <typename T,
+ * typename std::void_t<std::decay_t<T>::two>* = nullptr>
+ * void foo(T&&) {}
+ *
+ * The second foo() will be a redefinition because it conflicts with the first
+ * one; void_t does not cause substitution failures - the template types are
+ * just ignored.
+ */
+
+namespace traits_detail {
+template <class T, class...>
+struct type_t_ {
+ using type = T;
+};
+} // namespace traits_detail
+
+template <class T, class... Ts>
+using type_t = typename traits_detail::type_t_<T, Ts...>::type;
+template <class... Ts>
+using void_t = type_t<void, Ts...>;
+