4 * Copyright (C) 2002, Linus Torvalds.
6 * Contains all the functions related to writing back and waiting
7 * upon dirty inodes against superblocks, and writing back dirty
8 * pages against inodes. ie: data writeback. Writeout of the
9 * inode itself is not handled here.
11 * 10Apr2002 Andrew Morton
12 * Split out of fs/inode.c
13 * Additions for address_space-based writeback
16 #include <linux/kernel.h>
17 #include <linux/export.h>
18 #include <linux/spinlock.h>
19 #include <linux/slab.h>
20 #include <linux/sched.h>
23 #include <linux/pagemap.h>
24 #include <linux/kthread.h>
25 #include <linux/freezer.h>
26 #include <linux/writeback.h>
27 #include <linux/blkdev.h>
28 #include <linux/backing-dev.h>
29 #include <linux/tracepoint.h>
33 * 4MB minimal write chunk size
35 #define MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES (4096UL >> (PAGE_CACHE_SHIFT - 10))
38 * Passed into wb_writeback(), essentially a subset of writeback_control
40 struct wb_writeback_work {
42 struct super_block *sb;
43 unsigned long *older_than_this;
44 enum writeback_sync_modes sync_mode;
45 unsigned int tagged_writepages:1;
46 unsigned int for_kupdate:1;
47 unsigned int range_cyclic:1;
48 unsigned int for_background:1;
49 enum wb_reason reason; /* why was writeback initiated? */
51 struct list_head list; /* pending work list */
52 struct completion *done; /* set if the caller waits */
56 * We don't actually have pdflush, but this one is exported though /proc...
58 int nr_pdflush_threads;
61 * writeback_in_progress - determine whether there is writeback in progress
62 * @bdi: the device's backing_dev_info structure.
64 * Determine whether there is writeback waiting to be handled against a
67 int writeback_in_progress(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
69 return test_bit(BDI_writeback_running, &bdi->state);
72 static inline struct backing_dev_info *inode_to_bdi(struct inode *inode)
74 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
76 if (strcmp(sb->s_type->name, "bdev") == 0)
77 return inode->i_mapping->backing_dev_info;
82 static inline struct inode *wb_inode(struct list_head *head)
84 return list_entry(head, struct inode, i_wb_list);
88 * Include the creation of the trace points after defining the
89 * wb_writeback_work structure and inline functions so that the definition
90 * remains local to this file.
92 #define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
93 #include <trace/events/writeback.h>
95 /* Wakeup flusher thread or forker thread to fork it. Requires bdi->wb_lock. */
96 static void bdi_wakeup_flusher(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
99 wake_up_process(bdi->wb.task);
102 * The bdi thread isn't there, wake up the forker thread which
103 * will create and run it.
105 wake_up_process(default_backing_dev_info.wb.task);
109 static void bdi_queue_work(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
110 struct wb_writeback_work *work)
112 trace_writeback_queue(bdi, work);
114 spin_lock_bh(&bdi->wb_lock);
115 list_add_tail(&work->list, &bdi->work_list);
117 trace_writeback_nothread(bdi, work);
118 bdi_wakeup_flusher(bdi);
119 spin_unlock_bh(&bdi->wb_lock);
123 __bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
124 bool range_cyclic, enum wb_reason reason)
126 struct wb_writeback_work *work;
129 * This is WB_SYNC_NONE writeback, so if allocation fails just
130 * wakeup the thread for old dirty data writeback
132 work = kzalloc(sizeof(*work), GFP_ATOMIC);
135 trace_writeback_nowork(bdi);
136 wake_up_process(bdi->wb.task);
141 work->sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE;
142 work->nr_pages = nr_pages;
143 work->range_cyclic = range_cyclic;
144 work->reason = reason;
146 bdi_queue_work(bdi, work);
150 * bdi_start_writeback - start writeback
151 * @bdi: the backing device to write from
152 * @nr_pages: the number of pages to write
153 * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated
156 * This does WB_SYNC_NONE opportunistic writeback. The IO is only
157 * started when this function returns, we make no guarantees on
158 * completion. Caller need not hold sb s_umount semaphore.
161 void bdi_start_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi, long nr_pages,
162 enum wb_reason reason)
164 __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, true, reason);
168 * bdi_start_background_writeback - start background writeback
169 * @bdi: the backing device to write from
172 * This makes sure WB_SYNC_NONE background writeback happens. When
173 * this function returns, it is only guaranteed that for given BDI
174 * some IO is happening if we are over background dirty threshold.
175 * Caller need not hold sb s_umount semaphore.
177 void bdi_start_background_writeback(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
180 * We just wake up the flusher thread. It will perform background
181 * writeback as soon as there is no other work to do.
183 trace_writeback_wake_background(bdi);
184 spin_lock_bh(&bdi->wb_lock);
185 bdi_wakeup_flusher(bdi);
186 spin_unlock_bh(&bdi->wb_lock);
190 * Remove the inode from the writeback list it is on.
192 void inode_wb_list_del(struct inode *inode)
194 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
196 spin_lock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
197 list_del_init(&inode->i_wb_list);
198 spin_unlock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
202 * Redirty an inode: set its when-it-was dirtied timestamp and move it to the
203 * furthest end of its superblock's dirty-inode list.
205 * Before stamping the inode's ->dirtied_when, we check to see whether it is
206 * already the most-recently-dirtied inode on the b_dirty list. If that is
207 * the case then the inode must have been redirtied while it was being written
208 * out and we don't reset its dirtied_when.
210 static void redirty_tail(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb)
212 assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
213 if (!list_empty(&wb->b_dirty)) {
216 tail = wb_inode(wb->b_dirty.next);
217 if (time_before(inode->dirtied_when, tail->dirtied_when))
218 inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
220 list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &wb->b_dirty);
224 * requeue inode for re-scanning after bdi->b_io list is exhausted.
226 static void requeue_io(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb)
228 assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
229 list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &wb->b_more_io);
232 static void inode_sync_complete(struct inode *inode)
234 inode->i_state &= ~I_SYNC;
235 /* Waiters must see I_SYNC cleared before being woken up */
237 wake_up_bit(&inode->i_state, __I_SYNC);
240 static bool inode_dirtied_after(struct inode *inode, unsigned long t)
242 bool ret = time_after(inode->dirtied_when, t);
245 * For inodes being constantly redirtied, dirtied_when can get stuck.
246 * It _appears_ to be in the future, but is actually in distant past.
247 * This test is necessary to prevent such wrapped-around relative times
248 * from permanently stopping the whole bdi writeback.
250 ret = ret && time_before_eq(inode->dirtied_when, jiffies);
256 * Move expired (dirtied after work->older_than_this) dirty inodes from
257 * @delaying_queue to @dispatch_queue.
259 static int move_expired_inodes(struct list_head *delaying_queue,
260 struct list_head *dispatch_queue,
261 struct wb_writeback_work *work)
264 struct list_head *pos, *node;
265 struct super_block *sb = NULL;
270 while (!list_empty(delaying_queue)) {
271 inode = wb_inode(delaying_queue->prev);
272 if (work->older_than_this &&
273 inode_dirtied_after(inode, *work->older_than_this))
275 if (sb && sb != inode->i_sb)
278 list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &tmp);
282 /* just one sb in list, splice to dispatch_queue and we're done */
284 list_splice(&tmp, dispatch_queue);
288 /* Move inodes from one superblock together */
289 while (!list_empty(&tmp)) {
290 sb = wb_inode(tmp.prev)->i_sb;
291 list_for_each_prev_safe(pos, node, &tmp) {
292 inode = wb_inode(pos);
293 if (inode->i_sb == sb)
294 list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, dispatch_queue);
302 * Queue all expired dirty inodes for io, eldest first.
304 * newly dirtied b_dirty b_io b_more_io
305 * =============> gf edc BA
307 * newly dirtied b_dirty b_io b_more_io
308 * =============> g fBAedc
310 * +--> dequeue for IO
312 static void queue_io(struct bdi_writeback *wb, struct wb_writeback_work *work)
315 assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
316 list_splice_init(&wb->b_more_io, &wb->b_io);
317 moved = move_expired_inodes(&wb->b_dirty, &wb->b_io, work);
318 trace_writeback_queue_io(wb, work, moved);
321 static int write_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
323 if (inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode && !is_bad_inode(inode))
324 return inode->i_sb->s_op->write_inode(inode, wbc);
329 * Wait for writeback on an inode to complete.
331 static void inode_wait_for_writeback(struct inode *inode,
332 struct bdi_writeback *wb)
334 DEFINE_WAIT_BIT(wq, &inode->i_state, __I_SYNC);
335 wait_queue_head_t *wqh;
337 wqh = bit_waitqueue(&inode->i_state, __I_SYNC);
338 while (inode->i_state & I_SYNC) {
339 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
340 spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
341 __wait_on_bit(wqh, &wq, inode_wait, TASK_UNINTERRUPTIBLE);
342 spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
343 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
348 * Write out an inode's dirty pages. Called under wb->list_lock and
349 * inode->i_lock. Either the caller has an active reference on the inode or
350 * the inode has I_WILL_FREE set.
352 * If `wait' is set, wait on the writeout.
354 * The whole writeout design is quite complex and fragile. We want to avoid
355 * starvation of particular inodes when others are being redirtied, prevent
359 writeback_single_inode(struct inode *inode, struct bdi_writeback *wb,
360 struct writeback_control *wbc)
362 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
363 long nr_to_write = wbc->nr_to_write;
367 assert_spin_locked(&wb->list_lock);
368 assert_spin_locked(&inode->i_lock);
370 if (!atomic_read(&inode->i_count))
371 WARN_ON(!(inode->i_state & (I_WILL_FREE|I_FREEING)));
373 WARN_ON(inode->i_state & I_WILL_FREE);
375 if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC) {
376 if (wbc->sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL)
379 * It's a data-integrity sync. We must wait.
381 inode_wait_for_writeback(inode, wb);
384 BUG_ON(inode->i_state & I_SYNC);
386 /* Set I_SYNC, reset I_DIRTY_PAGES */
387 inode->i_state |= I_SYNC;
388 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
389 spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
391 ret = do_writepages(mapping, wbc);
394 * Make sure to wait on the data before writing out the metadata.
395 * This is important for filesystems that modify metadata on data
398 if (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL) {
399 int err = filemap_fdatawait(mapping);
405 * Some filesystems may redirty the inode during the writeback
406 * due to delalloc, clear dirty metadata flags right before
409 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
410 /* Clear I_DIRTY_PAGES if we've written out all dirty pages */
411 if (!mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY))
412 inode->i_state &= ~I_DIRTY_PAGES;
413 dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY;
414 inode->i_state &= ~(I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC);
415 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
416 /* Don't write the inode if only I_DIRTY_PAGES was set */
417 if (dirty & (I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)) {
418 int err = write_inode(inode, wbc);
423 spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
424 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
425 if (!(inode->i_state & I_FREEING)) {
427 * Sync livelock prevention. Each inode is tagged and synced in
428 * one shot. If still dirty, it will be redirty_tail()'ed below.
429 * Update the dirty time to prevent enqueue and sync it again.
431 if ((inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) &&
432 (wbc->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || wbc->tagged_writepages))
433 inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
435 if (mapping_tagged(mapping, PAGECACHE_TAG_DIRTY)) {
437 * We didn't write back all the pages. nfs_writepages()
438 * sometimes bales out without doing anything.
440 if (wbc->nr_to_write <= 0) {
442 * slice used up: queue for next turn
444 requeue_io(inode, wb);
447 * Writeback blocked by something other than
448 * congestion. Delay the inode for some time to
449 * avoid spinning on the CPU (100% iowait)
450 * retrying writeback of the dirty page/inode
451 * that cannot be performed immediately.
453 redirty_tail(inode, wb);
455 } else if (inode->i_state & I_DIRTY) {
457 * Filesystems can dirty the inode during writeback
458 * operations, such as delayed allocation during
459 * submission or metadata updates after data IO
462 redirty_tail(inode, wb);
465 * The inode is clean. At this point we either have
466 * a reference to the inode or it's on it's way out.
467 * No need to add it back to the LRU.
469 list_del_init(&inode->i_wb_list);
472 inode_sync_complete(inode);
473 trace_writeback_single_inode(inode, wbc, nr_to_write);
477 static long writeback_chunk_size(struct backing_dev_info *bdi,
478 struct wb_writeback_work *work)
483 * WB_SYNC_ALL mode does livelock avoidance by syncing dirty
484 * inodes/pages in one big loop. Setting wbc.nr_to_write=LONG_MAX
485 * here avoids calling into writeback_inodes_wb() more than once.
487 * The intended call sequence for WB_SYNC_ALL writeback is:
490 * writeback_sb_inodes() <== called only once
491 * write_cache_pages() <== called once for each inode
492 * (quickly) tag currently dirty pages
493 * (maybe slowly) sync all tagged pages
495 if (work->sync_mode == WB_SYNC_ALL || work->tagged_writepages)
498 pages = min(bdi->avg_write_bandwidth / 2,
499 global_dirty_limit / DIRTY_SCOPE);
500 pages = min(pages, work->nr_pages);
501 pages = round_down(pages + MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES,
502 MIN_WRITEBACK_PAGES);
509 * Write a portion of b_io inodes which belong to @sb.
511 * If @only_this_sb is true, then find and write all such
512 * inodes. Otherwise write only ones which go sequentially
515 * Return the number of pages and/or inodes written.
517 static long writeback_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb,
518 struct bdi_writeback *wb,
519 struct wb_writeback_work *work)
521 struct writeback_control wbc = {
522 .sync_mode = work->sync_mode,
523 .tagged_writepages = work->tagged_writepages,
524 .for_kupdate = work->for_kupdate,
525 .for_background = work->for_background,
526 .range_cyclic = work->range_cyclic,
528 .range_end = LLONG_MAX,
530 unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
532 long wrote = 0; /* count both pages and inodes */
534 while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) {
535 struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev);
537 if (inode->i_sb != sb) {
540 * We only want to write back data for this
541 * superblock, move all inodes not belonging
542 * to it back onto the dirty list.
544 redirty_tail(inode, wb);
549 * The inode belongs to a different superblock.
550 * Bounce back to the caller to unpin this and
551 * pin the next superblock.
557 * Don't bother with new inodes or inodes beeing freed, first
558 * kind does not need peridic writeout yet, and for the latter
559 * kind writeout is handled by the freer.
561 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
562 if (inode->i_state & (I_NEW | I_FREEING | I_WILL_FREE)) {
563 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
564 redirty_tail(inode, wb);
567 if ((inode->i_state & I_SYNC) && wbc.sync_mode != WB_SYNC_ALL) {
569 * If this inode is locked for writeback and we are not
570 * doing writeback-for-data-integrity, move it to
571 * b_more_io so that writeback can proceed with the
572 * other inodes on s_io.
574 * We'll have another go at writing back this inode
575 * when we completed a full scan of b_io.
577 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
578 requeue_io(inode, wb);
579 trace_writeback_sb_inodes_requeue(inode);
583 write_chunk = writeback_chunk_size(wb->bdi, work);
584 wbc.nr_to_write = write_chunk;
585 wbc.pages_skipped = 0;
587 writeback_single_inode(inode, wb, &wbc);
589 work->nr_pages -= write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
590 wrote += write_chunk - wbc.nr_to_write;
591 if (!(inode->i_state & I_DIRTY))
593 if (wbc.pages_skipped) {
595 * writeback is not making progress due to locked
596 * buffers. Skip this inode for now.
598 redirty_tail(inode, wb);
600 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
601 spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
604 spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
606 * bail out to wb_writeback() often enough to check
607 * background threshold and other termination conditions.
610 if (time_is_before_jiffies(start_time + HZ / 10UL))
612 if (work->nr_pages <= 0)
619 static long __writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
620 struct wb_writeback_work *work)
622 unsigned long start_time = jiffies;
625 while (!list_empty(&wb->b_io)) {
626 struct inode *inode = wb_inode(wb->b_io.prev);
627 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
629 if (!grab_super_passive(sb)) {
631 * grab_super_passive() may fail consistently due to
632 * s_umount being grabbed by someone else. Don't use
633 * requeue_io() to avoid busy retrying the inode/sb.
635 redirty_tail(inode, wb);
638 wrote += writeback_sb_inodes(sb, wb, work);
641 /* refer to the same tests at the end of writeback_sb_inodes */
643 if (time_is_before_jiffies(start_time + HZ / 10UL))
645 if (work->nr_pages <= 0)
649 /* Leave any unwritten inodes on b_io */
653 long writeback_inodes_wb(struct bdi_writeback *wb, long nr_pages,
654 enum wb_reason reason)
656 struct wb_writeback_work work = {
657 .nr_pages = nr_pages,
658 .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
663 spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
664 if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
666 __writeback_inodes_wb(wb, &work);
667 spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
669 return nr_pages - work.nr_pages;
672 static bool over_bground_thresh(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
674 unsigned long background_thresh, dirty_thresh;
676 global_dirty_limits(&background_thresh, &dirty_thresh);
678 if (global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
679 global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) > background_thresh)
682 if (bdi_stat(bdi, BDI_RECLAIMABLE) >
683 bdi_dirty_limit(bdi, background_thresh))
690 * Called under wb->list_lock. If there are multiple wb per bdi,
691 * only the flusher working on the first wb should do it.
693 static void wb_update_bandwidth(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
694 unsigned long start_time)
696 __bdi_update_bandwidth(wb->bdi, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, start_time);
700 * Explicit flushing or periodic writeback of "old" data.
702 * Define "old": the first time one of an inode's pages is dirtied, we mark the
703 * dirtying-time in the inode's address_space. So this periodic writeback code
704 * just walks the superblock inode list, writing back any inodes which are
705 * older than a specific point in time.
707 * Try to run once per dirty_writeback_interval. But if a writeback event
708 * takes longer than a dirty_writeback_interval interval, then leave a
711 * older_than_this takes precedence over nr_to_write. So we'll only write back
712 * all dirty pages if they are all attached to "old" mappings.
714 static long wb_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb,
715 struct wb_writeback_work *work)
717 unsigned long wb_start = jiffies;
718 long nr_pages = work->nr_pages;
719 unsigned long oldest_jif;
723 oldest_jif = jiffies;
724 work->older_than_this = &oldest_jif;
726 spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
729 * Stop writeback when nr_pages has been consumed
731 if (work->nr_pages <= 0)
735 * Background writeout and kupdate-style writeback may
736 * run forever. Stop them if there is other work to do
737 * so that e.g. sync can proceed. They'll be restarted
738 * after the other works are all done.
740 if ((work->for_background || work->for_kupdate) &&
741 !list_empty(&wb->bdi->work_list))
745 * For background writeout, stop when we are below the
746 * background dirty threshold
748 if (work->for_background && !over_bground_thresh(wb->bdi))
752 * Kupdate and background works are special and we want to
753 * include all inodes that need writing. Livelock avoidance is
754 * handled by these works yielding to any other work so we are
757 if (work->for_kupdate) {
758 oldest_jif = jiffies -
759 msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_expire_interval * 10);
760 } else if (work->for_background)
761 oldest_jif = jiffies;
763 trace_writeback_start(wb->bdi, work);
764 if (list_empty(&wb->b_io))
767 progress = writeback_sb_inodes(work->sb, wb, work);
769 progress = __writeback_inodes_wb(wb, work);
770 trace_writeback_written(wb->bdi, work);
772 wb_update_bandwidth(wb, wb_start);
775 * Did we write something? Try for more
777 * Dirty inodes are moved to b_io for writeback in batches.
778 * The completion of the current batch does not necessarily
779 * mean the overall work is done. So we keep looping as long
780 * as made some progress on cleaning pages or inodes.
785 * No more inodes for IO, bail
787 if (list_empty(&wb->b_more_io))
790 * Nothing written. Wait for some inode to
791 * become available for writeback. Otherwise
792 * we'll just busyloop.
794 if (!list_empty(&wb->b_more_io)) {
795 trace_writeback_wait(wb->bdi, work);
796 inode = wb_inode(wb->b_more_io.prev);
797 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
798 inode_wait_for_writeback(inode, wb);
799 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
802 spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
804 return nr_pages - work->nr_pages;
808 * Return the next wb_writeback_work struct that hasn't been processed yet.
810 static struct wb_writeback_work *
811 get_next_work_item(struct backing_dev_info *bdi)
813 struct wb_writeback_work *work = NULL;
815 spin_lock_bh(&bdi->wb_lock);
816 if (!list_empty(&bdi->work_list)) {
817 work = list_entry(bdi->work_list.next,
818 struct wb_writeback_work, list);
819 list_del_init(&work->list);
821 spin_unlock_bh(&bdi->wb_lock);
826 * Add in the number of potentially dirty inodes, because each inode
827 * write can dirty pagecache in the underlying blockdev.
829 static unsigned long get_nr_dirty_pages(void)
831 return global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
832 global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS) +
833 get_nr_dirty_inodes();
836 static long wb_check_background_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
838 if (over_bground_thresh(wb->bdi)) {
840 struct wb_writeback_work work = {
841 .nr_pages = LONG_MAX,
842 .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
845 .reason = WB_REASON_BACKGROUND,
848 return wb_writeback(wb, &work);
854 static long wb_check_old_data_flush(struct bdi_writeback *wb)
856 unsigned long expired;
860 * When set to zero, disable periodic writeback
862 if (!dirty_writeback_interval)
865 expired = wb->last_old_flush +
866 msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_writeback_interval * 10);
867 if (time_before(jiffies, expired))
870 wb->last_old_flush = jiffies;
871 nr_pages = get_nr_dirty_pages();
874 struct wb_writeback_work work = {
875 .nr_pages = nr_pages,
876 .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
879 .reason = WB_REASON_PERIODIC,
882 return wb_writeback(wb, &work);
889 * Retrieve work items and do the writeback they describe
891 long wb_do_writeback(struct bdi_writeback *wb, int force_wait)
893 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = wb->bdi;
894 struct wb_writeback_work *work;
897 set_bit(BDI_writeback_running, &wb->bdi->state);
898 while ((work = get_next_work_item(bdi)) != NULL) {
900 * Override sync mode, in case we must wait for completion
901 * because this thread is exiting now.
904 work->sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL;
906 trace_writeback_exec(bdi, work);
908 wrote += wb_writeback(wb, work);
911 * Notify the caller of completion if this is a synchronous
912 * work item, otherwise just free it.
915 complete(work->done);
921 * Check for periodic writeback, kupdated() style
923 wrote += wb_check_old_data_flush(wb);
924 wrote += wb_check_background_flush(wb);
925 clear_bit(BDI_writeback_running, &wb->bdi->state);
931 * Handle writeback of dirty data for the device backed by this bdi. Also
932 * wakes up periodically and does kupdated style flushing.
934 int bdi_writeback_thread(void *data)
936 struct bdi_writeback *wb = data;
937 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = wb->bdi;
940 current->flags |= PF_SWAPWRITE;
942 wb->last_active = jiffies;
945 * Our parent may run at a different priority, just set us to normal
947 set_user_nice(current, 0);
949 trace_writeback_thread_start(bdi);
951 while (!kthread_freezable_should_stop(NULL)) {
953 * Remove own delayed wake-up timer, since we are already awake
954 * and we'll take care of the preriodic write-back.
956 del_timer(&wb->wakeup_timer);
958 pages_written = wb_do_writeback(wb, 0);
960 trace_writeback_pages_written(pages_written);
963 wb->last_active = jiffies;
965 set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
966 if (!list_empty(&bdi->work_list) || kthread_should_stop()) {
967 __set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING);
971 if (wb_has_dirty_io(wb) && dirty_writeback_interval)
972 schedule_timeout(msecs_to_jiffies(dirty_writeback_interval * 10));
975 * We have nothing to do, so can go sleep without any
976 * timeout and save power. When a work is queued or
977 * something is made dirty - we will be woken up.
983 /* Flush any work that raced with us exiting */
984 if (!list_empty(&bdi->work_list))
985 wb_do_writeback(wb, 1);
987 trace_writeback_thread_stop(bdi);
993 * Start writeback of `nr_pages' pages. If `nr_pages' is zero, write back
996 void wakeup_flusher_threads(long nr_pages, enum wb_reason reason)
998 struct backing_dev_info *bdi;
1001 nr_pages = global_page_state(NR_FILE_DIRTY) +
1002 global_page_state(NR_UNSTABLE_NFS);
1006 list_for_each_entry_rcu(bdi, &bdi_list, bdi_list) {
1007 if (!bdi_has_dirty_io(bdi))
1009 __bdi_start_writeback(bdi, nr_pages, false, reason);
1014 static noinline void block_dump___mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode)
1016 if (inode->i_ino || strcmp(inode->i_sb->s_id, "bdev")) {
1017 struct dentry *dentry;
1018 const char *name = "?";
1020 dentry = d_find_alias(inode);
1022 spin_lock(&dentry->d_lock);
1023 name = (const char *) dentry->d_name.name;
1026 "%s(%d): dirtied inode %lu (%s) on %s\n",
1027 current->comm, task_pid_nr(current), inode->i_ino,
1028 name, inode->i_sb->s_id);
1030 spin_unlock(&dentry->d_lock);
1037 * __mark_inode_dirty - internal function
1038 * @inode: inode to mark
1039 * @flags: what kind of dirty (i.e. I_DIRTY_SYNC)
1040 * Mark an inode as dirty. Callers should use mark_inode_dirty or
1041 * mark_inode_dirty_sync.
1043 * Put the inode on the super block's dirty list.
1045 * CAREFUL! We mark it dirty unconditionally, but move it onto the
1046 * dirty list only if it is hashed or if it refers to a blockdev.
1047 * If it was not hashed, it will never be added to the dirty list
1048 * even if it is later hashed, as it will have been marked dirty already.
1050 * In short, make sure you hash any inodes _before_ you start marking
1053 * Note that for blockdevs, inode->dirtied_when represents the dirtying time of
1054 * the block-special inode (/dev/hda1) itself. And the ->dirtied_when field of
1055 * the kernel-internal blockdev inode represents the dirtying time of the
1056 * blockdev's pages. This is why for I_DIRTY_PAGES we always use
1057 * page->mapping->host, so the page-dirtying time is recorded in the internal
1060 void __mark_inode_dirty(struct inode *inode, int flags)
1062 struct super_block *sb = inode->i_sb;
1063 struct backing_dev_info *bdi = NULL;
1066 * Don't do this for I_DIRTY_PAGES - that doesn't actually
1067 * dirty the inode itself
1069 if (flags & (I_DIRTY_SYNC | I_DIRTY_DATASYNC)) {
1070 if (sb->s_op->dirty_inode)
1071 sb->s_op->dirty_inode(inode, flags);
1075 * make sure that changes are seen by all cpus before we test i_state
1080 /* avoid the locking if we can */
1081 if ((inode->i_state & flags) == flags)
1084 if (unlikely(block_dump))
1085 block_dump___mark_inode_dirty(inode);
1087 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
1088 if ((inode->i_state & flags) != flags) {
1089 const int was_dirty = inode->i_state & I_DIRTY;
1091 inode->i_state |= flags;
1094 * If the inode is being synced, just update its dirty state.
1095 * The unlocker will place the inode on the appropriate
1096 * superblock list, based upon its state.
1098 if (inode->i_state & I_SYNC)
1099 goto out_unlock_inode;
1102 * Only add valid (hashed) inodes to the superblock's
1103 * dirty list. Add blockdev inodes as well.
1105 if (!S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
1106 if (inode_unhashed(inode))
1107 goto out_unlock_inode;
1109 if (inode->i_state & I_FREEING)
1110 goto out_unlock_inode;
1113 * If the inode was already on b_dirty/b_io/b_more_io, don't
1114 * reposition it (that would break b_dirty time-ordering).
1117 bool wakeup_bdi = false;
1118 bdi = inode_to_bdi(inode);
1120 if (bdi_cap_writeback_dirty(bdi)) {
1121 WARN(!test_bit(BDI_registered, &bdi->state),
1122 "bdi-%s not registered\n", bdi->name);
1125 * If this is the first dirty inode for this
1126 * bdi, we have to wake-up the corresponding
1127 * bdi thread to make sure background
1128 * write-back happens later.
1130 if (!wb_has_dirty_io(&bdi->wb))
1134 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
1135 spin_lock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
1136 inode->dirtied_when = jiffies;
1137 list_move(&inode->i_wb_list, &bdi->wb.b_dirty);
1138 spin_unlock(&bdi->wb.list_lock);
1141 bdi_wakeup_thread_delayed(bdi);
1146 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
1149 EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mark_inode_dirty);
1151 static void wait_sb_inodes(struct super_block *sb)
1153 struct inode *inode, *old_inode = NULL;
1156 * We need to be protected against the filesystem going from
1157 * r/o to r/w or vice versa.
1159 WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
1161 spin_lock(&inode_sb_list_lock);
1164 * Data integrity sync. Must wait for all pages under writeback,
1165 * because there may have been pages dirtied before our sync
1166 * call, but which had writeout started before we write it out.
1167 * In which case, the inode may not be on the dirty list, but
1168 * we still have to wait for that writeout.
1170 list_for_each_entry(inode, &sb->s_inodes, i_sb_list) {
1171 struct address_space *mapping = inode->i_mapping;
1173 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
1174 if ((inode->i_state & (I_FREEING|I_WILL_FREE|I_NEW)) ||
1175 (mapping->nrpages == 0)) {
1176 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
1180 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
1181 spin_unlock(&inode_sb_list_lock);
1184 * We hold a reference to 'inode' so it couldn't have been
1185 * removed from s_inodes list while we dropped the
1186 * inode_sb_list_lock. We cannot iput the inode now as we can
1187 * be holding the last reference and we cannot iput it under
1188 * inode_sb_list_lock. So we keep the reference and iput it
1194 filemap_fdatawait(mapping);
1198 spin_lock(&inode_sb_list_lock);
1200 spin_unlock(&inode_sb_list_lock);
1205 * writeback_inodes_sb_nr - writeback dirty inodes from given super_block
1206 * @sb: the superblock
1207 * @nr: the number of pages to write
1208 * @reason: reason why some writeback work initiated
1210 * Start writeback on some inodes on this super_block. No guarantees are made
1211 * on how many (if any) will be written, and this function does not wait
1212 * for IO completion of submitted IO.
1214 void writeback_inodes_sb_nr(struct super_block *sb,
1216 enum wb_reason reason)
1218 DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(done);
1219 struct wb_writeback_work work = {
1221 .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_NONE,
1222 .tagged_writepages = 1,
1228 WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
1229 bdi_queue_work(sb->s_bdi, &work);
1230 wait_for_completion(&done);
1232 EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_nr);
1235 * writeback_inodes_sb - writeback dirty inodes from given super_block
1236 * @sb: the superblock
1237 * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated
1239 * Start writeback on some inodes on this super_block. No guarantees are made
1240 * on how many (if any) will be written, and this function does not wait
1241 * for IO completion of submitted IO.
1243 void writeback_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason)
1245 return writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, get_nr_dirty_pages(), reason);
1247 EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb);
1250 * writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle - start writeback if none underway
1251 * @sb: the superblock
1252 * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated
1254 * Invoke writeback_inodes_sb if no writeback is currently underway.
1255 * Returns 1 if writeback was started, 0 if not.
1257 int writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle(struct super_block *sb, enum wb_reason reason)
1259 if (!writeback_in_progress(sb->s_bdi)) {
1260 down_read(&sb->s_umount);
1261 writeback_inodes_sb(sb, reason);
1262 up_read(&sb->s_umount);
1267 EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_if_idle);
1270 * writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle - start writeback if none underway
1271 * @sb: the superblock
1272 * @nr: the number of pages to write
1273 * @reason: reason why some writeback work was initiated
1275 * Invoke writeback_inodes_sb if no writeback is currently underway.
1276 * Returns 1 if writeback was started, 0 if not.
1278 int writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle(struct super_block *sb,
1280 enum wb_reason reason)
1282 if (!writeback_in_progress(sb->s_bdi)) {
1283 down_read(&sb->s_umount);
1284 writeback_inodes_sb_nr(sb, nr, reason);
1285 up_read(&sb->s_umount);
1290 EXPORT_SYMBOL(writeback_inodes_sb_nr_if_idle);
1293 * sync_inodes_sb - sync sb inode pages
1294 * @sb: the superblock
1296 * This function writes and waits on any dirty inode belonging to this
1299 void sync_inodes_sb(struct super_block *sb)
1301 DECLARE_COMPLETION_ONSTACK(done);
1302 struct wb_writeback_work work = {
1304 .sync_mode = WB_SYNC_ALL,
1305 .nr_pages = LONG_MAX,
1308 .reason = WB_REASON_SYNC,
1311 WARN_ON(!rwsem_is_locked(&sb->s_umount));
1313 bdi_queue_work(sb->s_bdi, &work);
1314 wait_for_completion(&done);
1318 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inodes_sb);
1321 * write_inode_now - write an inode to disk
1322 * @inode: inode to write to disk
1323 * @sync: whether the write should be synchronous or not
1325 * This function commits an inode to disk immediately if it is dirty. This is
1326 * primarily needed by knfsd.
1328 * The caller must either have a ref on the inode or must have set I_WILL_FREE.
1330 int write_inode_now(struct inode *inode, int sync)
1332 struct bdi_writeback *wb = &inode_to_bdi(inode)->wb;
1334 struct writeback_control wbc = {
1335 .nr_to_write = LONG_MAX,
1336 .sync_mode = sync ? WB_SYNC_ALL : WB_SYNC_NONE,
1338 .range_end = LLONG_MAX,
1341 if (!mapping_cap_writeback_dirty(inode->i_mapping))
1342 wbc.nr_to_write = 0;
1345 spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
1346 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
1347 ret = writeback_single_inode(inode, wb, &wbc);
1348 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
1349 spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
1352 EXPORT_SYMBOL(write_inode_now);
1355 * sync_inode - write an inode and its pages to disk.
1356 * @inode: the inode to sync
1357 * @wbc: controls the writeback mode
1359 * sync_inode() will write an inode and its pages to disk. It will also
1360 * correctly update the inode on its superblock's dirty inode lists and will
1361 * update inode->i_state.
1363 * The caller must have a ref on the inode.
1365 int sync_inode(struct inode *inode, struct writeback_control *wbc)
1367 struct bdi_writeback *wb = &inode_to_bdi(inode)->wb;
1370 spin_lock(&wb->list_lock);
1371 spin_lock(&inode->i_lock);
1372 ret = writeback_single_inode(inode, wb, wbc);
1373 spin_unlock(&inode->i_lock);
1374 spin_unlock(&wb->list_lock);
1377 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inode);
1380 * sync_inode_metadata - write an inode to disk
1381 * @inode: the inode to sync
1382 * @wait: wait for I/O to complete.
1384 * Write an inode to disk and adjust its dirty state after completion.
1386 * Note: only writes the actual inode, no associated data or other metadata.
1388 int sync_inode_metadata(struct inode *inode, int wait)
1390 struct writeback_control wbc = {
1391 .sync_mode = wait ? WB_SYNC_ALL : WB_SYNC_NONE,
1392 .nr_to_write = 0, /* metadata-only */
1395 return sync_inode(inode, &wbc);
1397 EXPORT_SYMBOL(sync_inode_metadata);