2 * Copyright 2013 Facebook, Inc.
4 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
5 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
6 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
8 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
10 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
11 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
12 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
13 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
14 * limitations under the License.
18 * This is a runtime dynamically typed value. It holds types from a
19 * specific predetermined set of types (ints, bools, arrays, etc). In
20 * particular, it can be used as a convenient in-memory representation
21 * for complete json objects.
23 * In general you can try to use these objects as if they were the
24 * type they represent (although in some cases with a slightly less
25 * complete interface than the raw type), and it'll just throw a
26 * TypeError if it is used in an illegal way.
30 * dynamic twelve = 12;
31 * dynamic str = "string";
32 * dynamic map = dynamic::object;
34 * map[str + "another_str"] = { "array", "of", 4, "elements" };
35 * map.insert("null_element", nullptr);
37 * assert(map[str] == 13);
39 * // Building a complex object with a sub array inline:
40 * dynamic d = dynamic::object
42 * ("key2", { "a", "array" })
45 * Also see folly/json.h for the serialization and deserialization
48 * Note: dynamic is not DefaultConstructible. Rationale:
50 * - The intuitive thing to initialize a defaulted dynamic to would
53 * - However, the expression dynamic d = {} is required to call the
54 * default constructor by the standard, which is confusing
55 * behavior for dynamic unless the default constructor creates an
58 * Additional documentation is in folly/docs/Dynamic.md.
60 * @author Jordan DeLong <delong.j@fb.com>
63 #ifndef FOLLY_DYNAMIC_H_
64 #define FOLLY_DYNAMIC_H_
66 #include <unordered_map>
71 #include <type_traits>
72 #include <initializer_list>
75 #include <boost/operators.hpp>
77 #include "folly/Traits.h"
78 #include "folly/FBString.h"
82 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
87 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
89 struct dynamic : private boost::operators<dynamic> {
101 * We support direct iteration of arrays, and indirect iteration of objects.
102 * See begin(), end(), keys(), values(), and items() for more.
104 * Array iterators dereference as the elements in the array.
105 * Object key iterators dereference as the keys in the object.
106 * Object value iterators dereference as the values in the object.
107 * Object item iterators dereference as pairs of (key, value).
110 typedef std::vector<dynamic> Array;
112 typedef Array::const_iterator const_iterator;
113 struct const_key_iterator;
114 struct const_value_iterator;
115 struct const_item_iterator;
118 * Creation routines for making dynamic objects. Objects are maps
119 * from key to value (so named due to json-related origins here).
123 * // Make a fairly complex dynamic:
124 * dynamic d = dynamic::object("key", "value1")
125 * ("key2", { "value", "with", 4, "words" });
127 * // Build an object in a few steps:
128 * dynamic d = dynamic::object;
130 * d["something_else"] = { 1, 2, 3, nullptr };
136 static ObjectMaker object();
137 static ObjectMaker object(dynamic&&, dynamic&&);
138 static ObjectMaker object(dynamic const&, dynamic&&);
139 static ObjectMaker object(dynamic&&, dynamic const&);
140 static ObjectMaker object(dynamic const&, dynamic const&);
143 * String compatibility constructors.
145 /* implicit */ dynamic(char const* val);
146 /* implicit */ dynamic(std::string const& val);
149 * This is part of the plumbing for object(), above. Used to create
150 * a new object dynamic.
152 /* implicit */ dynamic(ObjectMaker (*)());
153 /* implicit */ dynamic(ObjectMaker const&) = delete;
154 /* implicit */ dynamic(ObjectMaker&&);
157 * Create a new array from an initializer list.
161 * dynamic v = { 1, 2, 3, "foo" };
163 /* implicit */ dynamic(std::initializer_list<dynamic> il);
166 * Conversion constructors from most of the other types.
168 template<class T> /* implicit */ dynamic(T t);
171 * Create a dynamic that is an array of the values from the supplied
174 template<class Iterator> dynamic(Iterator first, Iterator last);
176 dynamic(dynamic const&);
181 * "Deep" equality comparison. This will compare all the way down
182 * an object or array, and is potentially expensive.
184 bool operator==(dynamic const& o) const;
187 * For all types except object this returns the natural ordering on
188 * those types. For objects, we throw TypeError.
190 bool operator<(dynamic const& o) const;
195 * These throw TypeError when used with types or type combinations
196 * that don't support them.
198 * These functions may also throw if you use 64-bit integers with
199 * doubles when the integers are too big to fit in a double.
201 dynamic& operator+=(dynamic const&);
202 dynamic& operator-=(dynamic const&);
203 dynamic& operator*=(dynamic const&);
204 dynamic& operator/=(dynamic const&);
205 dynamic& operator%=(dynamic const&);
206 dynamic& operator|=(dynamic const&);
207 dynamic& operator&=(dynamic const&);
208 dynamic& operator^=(dynamic const&);
209 dynamic& operator++();
210 dynamic& operator--();
213 * Assignment from other dynamics. Because of the implicit conversion
214 * to dynamic from its potential types, you can use this to change the
215 * type pretty intuitively.
217 * Basic guarantee only.
219 dynamic& operator=(dynamic const&);
220 dynamic& operator=(dynamic&&);
223 * For simple dynamics (not arrays or objects), this prints the
224 * value to an std::ostream in the expected way. Respects the
225 * formatting manipulators that have been sent to the stream
228 * If the dynamic holds an object or array, this prints them in a
229 * format very similar to JSON. (It will in fact actually be JSON
230 * as long as the dynamic validly represents a JSON object---i.e. it
231 * can't have non-string keys.)
233 friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream&, dynamic const&);
236 * Returns true if this dynamic is of the specified type.
238 bool isString() const;
239 bool isObject() const;
242 bool isArray() const;
243 bool isDouble() const;
247 * Returns: isInt() || isDouble().
249 bool isNumber() const;
252 * Returns the type of this dynamic.
257 * Returns the type of this dynamic as a printable string.
259 const char* typeName() const;
262 * Extract a value while trying to convert to the specified type.
263 * Throws exceptions if we cannot convert from the real type to the
266 * Note you can only use this to access integral types or strings,
267 * since arrays and objects are generally best dealt with as a
270 fbstring asString() const;
271 double asDouble() const;
272 int64_t asInt() const;
276 * Returns: true if this dynamic is null, an empty array, an empty
277 * object, or an empty string.
282 * If this is an array or an object, returns the number of elements
283 * contained. If it is a string, returns the length. Otherwise
286 std::size_t size() const;
289 * You can iterate over the values of the array. Calling these on
290 * non-arrays will throw a TypeError.
292 const_iterator begin() const;
293 const_iterator end() const;
297 * Helper object returned by keys(), values(), and items().
299 template <class T> struct IterableProxy;
303 * You can iterate over the keys, values, or items (std::pair of key and
304 * value) in an object. Calling these on non-objects will throw a TypeError.
306 IterableProxy<const_key_iterator> keys() const;
307 IterableProxy<const_value_iterator> values() const;
308 IterableProxy<const_item_iterator> items() const;
311 * AssociativeContainer-style find interface for objects. Throws if
312 * this is not an object.
314 * Returns: items().end() if the key is not present, or a
315 * const_item_iterator pointing to the item.
317 const_item_iterator find(dynamic const&) const;
321 * If this is an object, returns whether it contains a field with
322 * the given name. Otherwise throws TypeError.
324 std::size_t count(dynamic const&) const;
327 * For objects or arrays, provides access to sub-fields by index or
330 * Using these with dynamic objects that are not arrays or objects
331 * will throw a TypeError. Using an index that is out of range or
332 * object-element that's not present throws std::out_of_range.
334 dynamic const& at(dynamic const&) const;
335 dynamic& at(dynamic const&);
338 * Like 'at', above, except it returns either a pointer to the contained
339 * object or nullptr if it wasn't found. This allows a key to be tested for
340 * containment and retrieved in one operation. Example:
342 * if (auto* found = d.get_ptr(key))
345 * Using these with dynamic objects that are not arrays or objects
346 * will throw a TypeError.
348 const dynamic* get_ptr(dynamic const&) const;
349 dynamic* get_ptr(dynamic const&);
352 * This works for access to both objects and arrays.
354 * In the case of an array, the index must be an integer, and this will throw
355 * std::out_of_range if it is less than zero or greater than size().
357 * In the case of an object, the non-const overload inserts a null
358 * value if the key isn't present. The const overload will throw
359 * std::out_of_range if the key is not present.
361 * These functions do not invalidate iterators.
363 dynamic& operator[](dynamic const&);
364 dynamic const& operator[](dynamic const&) const;
367 * Only defined for objects, throws TypeError otherwise.
369 * getDefault will return the value associated with the supplied key, the
370 * supplied default otherwise. setDefault will set the key to the supplied
371 * default if it is not yet set, otherwise leaving it. setDefault returns
372 * a reference to the existing value if present, the new value otherwise.
375 getDefault(const dynamic& k, const dynamic& v = dynamic::object) const;
376 dynamic&& getDefault(const dynamic& k, dynamic&& v) const;
377 template<class K, class V = dynamic>
378 dynamic& setDefault(K&& k, V&& v = dynamic::object);
381 * Resizes an array so it has at n elements, using the supplied
382 * default to fill new elements. Throws TypeError if this dynamic
385 * May invalidate iterators.
389 void resize(std::size_t n, dynamic const& = nullptr);
392 * Inserts the supplied key-value pair to an object, or throws if
393 * it's not an object.
395 * Invalidates iterators.
397 template<class K, class V> void insert(K&&, V&& val);
400 * Erase an element from a dynamic object, by key.
402 * Invalidates iterators to the element being erased.
404 * Returns the number of elements erased (i.e. 1 or 0).
406 std::size_t erase(dynamic const& key);
409 * Erase an element from a dynamic object or array, using an
410 * iterator or an iterator range.
412 * In arrays, invalidates iterators to elements after the element
413 * being erased. In objects, invalidates iterators to the elements
416 * Returns a new iterator to the first element beyond any elements
417 * removed, or end() if there are none. (The iteration order does
420 const_iterator erase(const_iterator it);
421 const_iterator erase(const_iterator first, const_iterator last);
423 const_key_iterator erase(const_key_iterator it);
424 const_key_iterator erase(const_key_iterator first, const_key_iterator last);
426 const_value_iterator erase(const_value_iterator it);
427 const_value_iterator erase(const_value_iterator first,
428 const_value_iterator last);
430 const_item_iterator erase(const_item_iterator it);
431 const_item_iterator erase(const_item_iterator first,
432 const_item_iterator last);
434 * Append elements to an array. If this is not an array, throws
437 * Invalidates iterators.
439 void push_back(dynamic const&);
440 void push_back(dynamic&&);
443 * Remove an element from the back of an array. If this is not an array,
446 * Does not invalidate iterators.
451 * Get a hash code. This function is called by a std::hash<>
452 * specialization, also.
454 * Throws TypeError if this is an object, array, or null.
456 std::size_t hash() const;
459 friend struct TypeError;
462 template<class T> struct TypeInfo;
463 template<class T> struct CompareOp;
464 template<class T> struct GetAddrImpl;
465 template<class T> struct PrintImpl;
467 template<class T> T const& get() const;
468 template<class T> T& get();
469 template<class T> T* get_nothrow();
470 template<class T> T const* get_nothrow() const;
471 template<class T> T* getAddress();
472 template<class T> T const* getAddress() const;
474 template<class T> T asImpl() const;
476 static char const* typeName(Type);
478 void print(std::ostream&) const;
479 void print_as_pseudo_json(std::ostream&) const; // see json.cpp
484 explicit Data() : nul(nullptr) {}
487 // XXX: gcc does an ICE if we use std::nullptr_t instead of void*
488 // here. See http://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=50361
497 * Objects are placement new'd here. We have to use a char buffer
498 * because we don't know the type here (std::unordered_map<> with
499 * dynamic would be parameterizing a std:: template with an
500 * incomplete type right now). (Note that in contrast we know it
501 * is ok to do this with fbvector because we own it.)
503 typename std::aligned_storage<
504 sizeof(std::unordered_map<int,int>),
505 alignof(std::unordered_map<int,int>)
506 >::type objectBuffer;
510 //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
514 #include "folly/dynamic-inl.h"