2 * Copyright (C) 2004 Bernd Porr, Bernd.Porr@f2s.com
4 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
7 * (at your option) any later version.
9 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 * GNU General Public License for more details.
14 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
16 * Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
20 * I must give credit here to Chris Baugher who
21 * wrote the driver for AT-MIO-16d. I used some parts of this
22 * driver. I also must give credits to David Brownell
23 * who supported me with the USB development.
29 * 0.9: Dropping the first data packet which seems to be from the last transfer.
30 * Buffer overflows in the FX2 are handed over to comedi.
31 * 0.92: Dropping now 4 packets. The quad buffer has to be emptied.
32 * Added insn command basically for testing. Sample rate is
34 * 0.99: Ian Abbott pointed out a bug which has been corrected. Thanks!
35 * 0.99a: added external trigger.
36 * 1.00: added firmware kernel request to the driver which fixed
37 * udev coldplug problem
40 #define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
42 #include <linux/kernel.h>
43 #include <linux/firmware.h>
44 #include <linux/module.h>
45 #include <linux/init.h>
46 #include <linux/slab.h>
47 #include <linux/input.h>
48 #include <linux/usb.h>
49 #include <linux/fcntl.h>
50 #include <linux/compiler.h>
51 #include "comedi_fc.h"
52 #include "../comedidev.h"
55 * timeout for the USB-transfer
60 * constants for "firmware" upload and download
62 #define FIRMWARE "usbduxfast_firmware.bin"
63 #define USBDUXFASTSUB_FIRMWARE 0xA0
64 #define VENDOR_DIR_IN 0xC0
65 #define VENDOR_DIR_OUT 0x40
68 * internal addresses of the 8051 processor
70 #define USBDUXFASTSUB_CPUCS 0xE600
73 * max lenghth of the transfer-buffer for software upload
78 * input endpoint number
83 * endpoint for the A/D channellist: bulk OUT
85 #define CHANNELLISTEP 4
90 #define NUMCHANNELS 32
93 * size of the waveform descriptor
98 * size of one A/D value
100 #define SIZEADIN (sizeof(int16_t))
103 * size of the input-buffer IN BYTES
105 #define SIZEINBUF 512
110 #define SIZEINSNBUF 512
113 * size of the buffer for the dux commands in bytes
115 #define SIZEOFDUXBUFFER 256
118 * number of in-URBs which receive the data: min=5
120 #define NUMOFINBUFFERSHIGH 10
123 * total number of usbduxfast devices
125 #define NUMUSBDUXFAST 16
128 * analogue in subdevice
133 * min delay steps for more than one channel
134 * basically when the mux gives up ;-)
136 * steps at 30MHz in the FX2
138 #define MIN_SAMPLING_PERIOD 9
141 * max number of 1/30MHz delay steps
143 #define MAX_SAMPLING_PERIOD 500
146 * number of received packets to ignore before we start handing data
147 * over to comedi, it's quad buffering and we have to ignore 4 packets
149 #define PACKETS_TO_IGNORE 4
154 static const struct comedi_lrange range_usbduxfast_ai_range = {
155 2, {BIP_RANGE(0.75), BIP_RANGE(0.5)}
159 * private structure of one subdevice
161 * this is the structure which holds all the data of this driver
162 * one sub device just now: A/D
164 struct usbduxfastsub_s {
165 int attached; /* is attached? */
166 int probed; /* is it associated with a subdevice? */
167 struct usb_device *usbdev; /* pointer to the usb-device */
168 struct urb *urbIn; /* BULK-transfer handling: urb */
169 int8_t *transfer_buffer;
170 int16_t *insnBuffer; /* input buffer for single insn */
171 int ifnum; /* interface number */
172 struct usb_interface *interface; /* interface structure */
173 /* comedi device for the interrupt context */
174 struct comedi_device *comedidev;
175 short int ai_cmd_running; /* asynchronous command is running */
176 short int ai_continous; /* continous acquisition */
177 long int ai_sample_count; /* number of samples to acquire */
178 uint8_t *dux_commands; /* commands */
179 int ignore; /* counter which ignores the first
181 struct semaphore sem;
185 * The pointer to the private usb-data of the driver
186 * is also the private data for the comedi-device.
187 * This has to be global as the usb subsystem needs
188 * global variables. The other reason is that this
189 * structure must be there _before_ any comedi
190 * command is issued. The usb subsystem must be
191 * initialised before comedi can access it.
193 static struct usbduxfastsub_s usbduxfastsub[NUMUSBDUXFAST];
195 static DEFINE_SEMAPHORE(start_stop_sem);
198 * bulk transfers to usbduxfast
200 #define SENDADCOMMANDS 0
201 #define SENDINITEP6 1
203 static int send_dux_commands(struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs, int cmd_type)
207 udfs->dux_commands[0] = cmd_type;
209 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
210 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi%d: usbduxfast: dux_commands: ",
211 udfs->comedidev->minor);
212 for (tmp = 0; tmp < SIZEOFDUXBUFFER; tmp++)
213 printk(" %02x", udfs->dux_commands[tmp]);
217 tmp = usb_bulk_msg(udfs->usbdev,
218 usb_sndbulkpipe(udfs->usbdev, CHANNELLISTEP),
219 udfs->dux_commands, SIZEOFDUXBUFFER, &nsent, 10000);
221 dev_err(&udfs->interface->dev,
222 "could not transmit dux_commands to the usb-device, err=%d\n",
228 * Stops the data acquision.
229 * It should be safe to call this function from any context.
231 static int usbduxfastsub_unlink_InURBs(struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs)
236 if (udfs && udfs->urbIn) {
237 udfs->ai_cmd_running = 0;
238 /* waits until a running transfer is over */
239 usb_kill_urb(udfs->urbIn);
242 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
243 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi: usbduxfast: unlinked InURB: res=%d\n", j);
249 * This will stop a running acquisition operation.
250 * Is called from within this driver from both the
251 * interrupt context and from comedi.
253 static int usbduxfast_ai_stop(struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs, int do_unlink)
258 pr_err("%s: udfs=NULL!\n", __func__);
261 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
262 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi: usbduxfast_ai_stop\n");
265 udfs->ai_cmd_running = 0;
269 ret = usbduxfastsub_unlink_InURBs(udfs);
275 * This will cancel a running acquisition operation.
276 * This is called by comedi but never from inside the driver.
278 static int usbduxfast_ai_cancel(struct comedi_device *dev,
279 struct comedi_subdevice *s)
281 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs;
284 /* force unlink of all urbs */
285 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
286 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi: usbduxfast_ai_cancel\n");
290 dev_err(dev->class_dev, "%s: udfs=NULL\n", __func__);
299 ret = usbduxfast_ai_stop(udfs, 1);
307 * interrupt service routine
309 static void usbduxfastsub_ai_Irq(struct urb *urb)
312 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs;
313 struct comedi_device *this_comedidev;
314 struct comedi_subdevice *s;
316 /* sanity checks - is the urb there? */
318 pr_err("ao int-handler called with urb=NULL!\n");
321 /* the context variable points to the subdevice */
322 this_comedidev = urb->context;
323 if (!this_comedidev) {
324 pr_err("urb context is a NULL pointer!\n");
327 /* the private structure of the subdevice is usbduxfastsub_s */
328 udfs = this_comedidev->private;
330 pr_err("private of comedi subdev is a NULL pointer!\n");
333 /* are we running a command? */
334 if (unlikely(!udfs->ai_cmd_running)) {
336 * not running a command
337 * do not continue execution if no asynchronous command
338 * is running in particular not resubmit
343 if (unlikely(!udfs->attached)) {
344 /* no comedi device there */
347 /* subdevice which is the AD converter */
348 s = &this_comedidev->subdevices[SUBDEV_AD];
350 /* first we test if something unusual has just happened */
351 switch (urb->status) {
356 * happens after an unlink command or when the device
363 /* tell this comedi */
364 s->async->events |= COMEDI_CB_EOA;
365 s->async->events |= COMEDI_CB_ERROR;
366 comedi_event(udfs->comedidev, s);
367 /* stop the transfer w/o unlink */
368 usbduxfast_ai_stop(udfs, 0);
372 pr_err("non-zero urb status received in ai intr context: %d\n",
374 s->async->events |= COMEDI_CB_EOA;
375 s->async->events |= COMEDI_CB_ERROR;
376 comedi_event(udfs->comedidev, s);
377 usbduxfast_ai_stop(udfs, 0);
382 if (!udfs->ai_continous) {
383 /* not continuous, fixed number of samples */
384 n = urb->actual_length / sizeof(uint16_t);
385 if (unlikely(udfs->ai_sample_count < n)) {
387 * we have send only a fraction of the bytes
390 cfc_write_array_to_buffer(s,
391 urb->transfer_buffer,
392 udfs->ai_sample_count
394 usbduxfast_ai_stop(udfs, 0);
395 /* tell comedi that the acquistion is over */
396 s->async->events |= COMEDI_CB_EOA;
397 comedi_event(udfs->comedidev, s);
400 udfs->ai_sample_count -= n;
402 /* write the full buffer to comedi */
403 err = cfc_write_array_to_buffer(s, urb->transfer_buffer,
405 if (unlikely(err == 0)) {
406 /* buffer overflow */
407 usbduxfast_ai_stop(udfs, 0);
411 /* tell comedi that data is there */
412 comedi_event(udfs->comedidev, s);
415 /* ignore this packet */
420 * command is still running
421 * resubmit urb for BULK transfer
423 urb->dev = udfs->usbdev;
425 err = usb_submit_urb(urb, GFP_ATOMIC);
427 dev_err(&urb->dev->dev,
428 "urb resubm failed: %d", err);
429 s->async->events |= COMEDI_CB_EOA;
430 s->async->events |= COMEDI_CB_ERROR;
431 comedi_event(udfs->comedidev, s);
432 usbduxfast_ai_stop(udfs, 0);
436 static int usbduxfastsub_start(struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs)
439 unsigned char *local_transfer_buffer;
441 local_transfer_buffer = kmalloc(1, GFP_KERNEL);
442 if (!local_transfer_buffer)
446 *local_transfer_buffer = 0;
447 /* bRequest, "Firmware" */
448 ret = usb_control_msg(udfs->usbdev, usb_sndctrlpipe(udfs->usbdev, 0),
449 USBDUXFASTSUB_FIRMWARE,
450 VENDOR_DIR_OUT, /* bmRequestType */
451 USBDUXFASTSUB_CPUCS, /* Value */
453 /* address of the transfer buffer */
454 local_transfer_buffer,
456 EZTIMEOUT); /* Timeout */
458 dev_err(&udfs->interface->dev,
459 "control msg failed (start)\n");
461 kfree(local_transfer_buffer);
465 static int usbduxfastsub_stop(struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs)
468 unsigned char *local_transfer_buffer;
470 local_transfer_buffer = kmalloc(1, GFP_KERNEL);
471 if (!local_transfer_buffer)
475 *local_transfer_buffer = 1;
476 /* bRequest, "Firmware" */
477 ret = usb_control_msg(udfs->usbdev, usb_sndctrlpipe(udfs->usbdev, 0),
478 USBDUXFASTSUB_FIRMWARE,
479 VENDOR_DIR_OUT, /* bmRequestType */
480 USBDUXFASTSUB_CPUCS, /* Value */
482 local_transfer_buffer, 1, /* Length */
483 EZTIMEOUT); /* Timeout */
485 dev_err(&udfs->interface->dev,
486 "control msg failed (stop)\n");
488 kfree(local_transfer_buffer);
492 static int usbduxfastsub_upload(struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs,
493 unsigned char *local_transfer_buffer,
494 unsigned int startAddr, unsigned int len)
498 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
499 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi: usbduxfast: uploading %d bytes", len);
500 printk(KERN_DEBUG " to addr %d, first byte=%d.\n",
501 startAddr, local_transfer_buffer[0]);
503 /* brequest, firmware */
504 ret = usb_control_msg(udfs->usbdev, usb_sndctrlpipe(udfs->usbdev, 0),
505 USBDUXFASTSUB_FIRMWARE,
506 VENDOR_DIR_OUT, /* bmRequestType */
507 startAddr, /* value */
509 /* our local safe buffer */
510 local_transfer_buffer,
512 EZTIMEOUT); /* timeout */
514 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
515 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi_: usbduxfast: result=%d\n", ret);
519 dev_err(&udfs->interface->dev, "uppload failed\n");
526 static int usbduxfastsub_submit_InURBs(struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs)
533 usb_fill_bulk_urb(udfs->urbIn, udfs->usbdev,
534 usb_rcvbulkpipe(udfs->usbdev, BULKINEP),
535 udfs->transfer_buffer,
536 SIZEINBUF, usbduxfastsub_ai_Irq, udfs->comedidev);
538 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
539 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi%d: usbduxfast: submitting in-urb: "
540 "0x%p,0x%p\n", udfs->comedidev->minor, udfs->urbIn->context,
543 ret = usb_submit_urb(udfs->urbIn, GFP_ATOMIC);
545 dev_err(&udfs->interface->dev,
546 "ai: usb_submit_urb error %d\n", ret);
552 static int usbduxfast_ai_cmdtest(struct comedi_device *dev,
553 struct comedi_subdevice *s,
554 struct comedi_cmd *cmd)
556 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs = dev->private;
564 /* Step 1 : check if triggers are trivially valid */
566 err |= cfc_check_trigger_src(&cmd->start_src,
567 TRIG_NOW | TRIG_EXT | TRIG_INT);
568 err |= cfc_check_trigger_src(&cmd->scan_begin_src,
569 TRIG_TIMER | TRIG_FOLLOW | TRIG_EXT);
570 err |= cfc_check_trigger_src(&cmd->convert_src, TRIG_TIMER | TRIG_EXT);
571 err |= cfc_check_trigger_src(&cmd->scan_end_src, TRIG_COUNT);
572 err |= cfc_check_trigger_src(&cmd->stop_src, TRIG_COUNT | TRIG_NONE);
577 /* Step 2a : make sure trigger sources are unique */
579 err |= cfc_check_trigger_is_unique(cmd->start_src);
580 err |= cfc_check_trigger_is_unique(cmd->scan_begin_src);
581 err |= cfc_check_trigger_is_unique(cmd->convert_src);
582 err |= cfc_check_trigger_is_unique(cmd->stop_src);
584 /* Step 2b : and mutually compatible */
586 /* can't have external stop and start triggers at once */
587 if (cmd->start_src == TRIG_EXT && cmd->stop_src == TRIG_EXT)
593 /* Step 3: check if arguments are trivially valid */
595 if (cmd->start_src == TRIG_NOW)
596 err |= cfc_check_trigger_arg_is(&cmd->start_arg, 0);
598 if (!cmd->chanlist_len)
601 err |= cfc_check_trigger_arg_is(&cmd->scan_end_arg, cmd->chanlist_len);
603 if (cmd->chanlist_len == 1)
606 minSamplPer = MIN_SAMPLING_PERIOD;
608 if (cmd->convert_src == TRIG_TIMER) {
609 steps = cmd->convert_arg * 30;
610 if (steps < (minSamplPer * 1000))
611 steps = minSamplPer * 1000;
613 if (steps > (MAX_SAMPLING_PERIOD * 1000))
614 steps = MAX_SAMPLING_PERIOD * 1000;
618 err |= cfc_check_trigger_arg_is(&cmd->convert_arg, tmp);
621 if (cmd->scan_begin_src == TRIG_TIMER)
625 switch (cmd->stop_src) {
627 err |= cfc_check_trigger_arg_min(&cmd->stop_arg, 1);
630 err |= cfc_check_trigger_arg_is(&cmd->stop_arg, 0);
633 * TRIG_EXT doesn't care since it doesn't trigger
634 * off a numbered channel
643 /* step 4: fix up any arguments */
649 static int usbduxfast_ai_inttrig(struct comedi_device *dev,
650 struct comedi_subdevice *s,
651 unsigned int trignum)
654 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs = dev->private;
664 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
665 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi%d: usbduxfast_ai_inttrig\n", dev->minor);
669 dev_err(dev->class_dev, "%s: invalid trignum\n", __func__);
673 if (!udfs->ai_cmd_running) {
674 udfs->ai_cmd_running = 1;
675 ret = usbduxfastsub_submit_InURBs(udfs);
677 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
678 "%s: urbSubmit: err=%d\n", __func__, ret);
679 udfs->ai_cmd_running = 0;
683 s->async->inttrig = NULL;
685 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
686 "ai_inttrig but acqu is already running\n");
693 * offsets for the GPIF bytes
694 * the first byte is the command byte
696 #define LENBASE (1+0x00)
697 #define OPBASE (1+0x08)
698 #define OUTBASE (1+0x10)
699 #define LOGBASE (1+0x18)
701 static int usbduxfast_ai_cmd(struct comedi_device *dev,
702 struct comedi_subdevice *s)
704 struct comedi_cmd *cmd = &s->async->cmd;
705 unsigned int chan, gain, rngmask = 0xff;
707 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs;
709 long steps, steps_tmp;
711 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
712 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi%d: usbduxfast_ai_cmd\n", dev->minor);
723 if (udfs->ai_cmd_running) {
724 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
725 "ai_cmd not possible. Another ai_cmd is running.\n");
729 /* set current channel of the running acquisition to zero */
730 s->async->cur_chan = 0;
733 * ignore the first buffers from the device if there
734 * is an error condition
736 udfs->ignore = PACKETS_TO_IGNORE;
738 if (cmd->chanlist_len > 0) {
739 gain = CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[0]);
740 for (i = 0; i < cmd->chanlist_len; ++i) {
741 chan = CR_CHAN(cmd->chanlist[i]);
743 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
744 "cmd is accepting only consecutive channels.\n");
748 if ((gain != CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[i]))
749 && (cmd->chanlist_len > 3)) {
750 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
751 "the gain must be the same for all channels.\n");
755 if (i >= NUMCHANNELS) {
756 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
757 "channel list too long\n");
763 if (cmd->scan_begin_src == TRIG_TIMER) {
764 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
765 "scan_begin_src==TRIG_TIMER not valid.\n");
769 if (cmd->convert_src == TRIG_TIMER)
770 steps = (cmd->convert_arg * 30) / 1000;
772 if ((steps < MIN_SAMPLING_PERIOD) && (cmd->chanlist_len != 1)) {
773 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
774 "ai_cmd: steps=%ld, scan_begin_arg=%d. Not properly tested by cmdtest?\n",
775 steps, cmd->scan_begin_arg);
779 if (steps > MAX_SAMPLING_PERIOD) {
780 dev_err(dev->class_dev, "ai_cmd: sampling rate too low.\n");
784 if ((cmd->start_src == TRIG_EXT) && (cmd->chanlist_len != 1)
785 && (cmd->chanlist_len != 16)) {
786 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
787 "ai_cmd: TRIG_EXT only with 1 or 16 channels possible.\n");
791 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
792 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi%d: usbduxfast: steps=%ld, convert_arg=%u\n",
793 dev->minor, steps, cmd->convert_arg);
796 switch (cmd->chanlist_len) {
802 if (CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[0]) > 0)
803 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
808 * for external trigger: looping in this state until
809 * the RDY0 pin becomes zero
812 /* we loop here until ready has been set */
813 if (cmd->start_src == TRIG_EXT) {
814 /* branch back to state 0 */
815 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 0] = 0x01;
816 /* deceision state w/o data */
817 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 0] = 0x01;
818 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 0] = 0xFF & rngmask;
820 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 0] = 0x00;
821 } else { /* we just proceed to state 1 */
822 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 0] = 1;
823 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 0] = 0;
824 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 0] = 0xFF & rngmask;
825 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 0] = 0;
828 if (steps < MIN_SAMPLING_PERIOD) {
829 /* for fast single channel aqu without mux */
832 * we just stay here at state 1 and rexecute
833 * the same state this gives us 30MHz sampling
837 /* branch back to state 1 */
838 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 1] = 0x89;
839 /* deceision state with data */
840 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 1] = 0x03;
841 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 1] =
844 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 1] = 0xFF;
847 * we loop through two states: data and delay
850 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 1] = steps - 1;
852 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 1] = 0x02;
853 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 1] =
856 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 1] = 0;
857 /* branch back to state 1 */
858 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 2] = 0x09;
859 /* deceision state w/o data */
860 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 2] = 0x01;
861 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 2] =
864 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 2] = 0xFF;
868 * we loop through 3 states: 2x delay and 1x data
869 * this gives a min sampling rate of 60kHz
872 /* we have 1 state with duration 1 */
875 /* do the first part of the delay */
876 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 1] = steps / 2;
877 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 1] = 0;
878 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 1] = 0xFF & rngmask;
879 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 1] = 0;
881 /* and the second part */
882 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 2] = steps - steps / 2;
883 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 2] = 0;
884 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 2] = 0xFF & rngmask;
885 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 2] = 0;
887 /* get the data and branch back */
889 /* branch back to state 1 */
890 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 3] = 0x09;
891 /* deceision state w data */
892 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 3] = 0x03;
893 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 3] = 0xFF & rngmask;
895 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 3] = 0xFF;
902 * commit data to the FIFO
905 if (CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[0]) > 0)
906 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
910 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 0] = 1;
912 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 0] = 0x02;
913 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 0] = 0xFF & rngmask;
914 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 0] = 0;
916 /* we have 1 state with duration 1: state 0 */
917 steps_tmp = steps - 1;
919 if (CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[1]) > 0)
920 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
924 /* do the first part of the delay */
925 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 1] = steps_tmp / 2;
926 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 1] = 0;
928 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 1] = 0xFE & rngmask;
929 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 1] = 0;
931 /* and the second part */
932 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 2] = steps_tmp - steps_tmp / 2;
933 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 2] = 0;
934 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 2] = 0xFF & rngmask;
935 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 2] = 0;
937 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 3] = 1;
939 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 3] = 0x02;
940 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 3] = 0xFF & rngmask;
941 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 3] = 0;
944 * we have 2 states with duration 1: step 6 and
947 steps_tmp = steps - 2;
949 if (CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[0]) > 0)
950 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
954 /* do the first part of the delay */
955 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 4] = steps_tmp / 2;
956 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 4] = 0;
958 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 4] = (0xFF - 0x02) & rngmask;
959 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 4] = 0;
961 /* and the second part */
962 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 5] = steps_tmp - steps_tmp / 2;
963 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 5] = 0;
964 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 5] = 0xFF & rngmask;
965 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 5] = 0;
967 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 6] = 1;
968 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 6] = 0;
969 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 6] = 0xFF & rngmask;
970 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 6] = 0;
977 for (j = 0; j < 1; j++) {
978 if (CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[j]) > 0)
979 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
983 * commit data to the FIFO and do the first part
986 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + j * 2] = steps / 2;
988 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + j * 2] = 0x02;
990 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + j * 2] = 0xFF & rngmask;
991 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + j * 2] = 0;
993 if (CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[j + 1]) > 0)
994 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
998 /* do the second part of the delay */
999 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + j * 2 + 1] =
1002 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + j * 2 + 1] = 0;
1004 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + j * 2 + 1] =
1006 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + j * 2 + 1] = 0;
1009 /* 2 steps with duration 1: the idele step and step 6: */
1010 steps_tmp = steps - 2;
1012 /* commit data to the FIFO and do the first part of the delay */
1013 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 4] = steps_tmp / 2;
1015 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 4] = 0x02;
1016 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 4] = 0xFF & rngmask;
1017 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 4] = 0;
1019 if (CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[0]) > 0)
1020 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
1024 /* do the second part of the delay */
1025 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 5] = steps_tmp - steps_tmp / 2;
1027 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 5] = 0;
1029 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 5] = (0xFF - 0x02) & rngmask;
1030 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 5] = 0;
1032 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 6] = 1;
1033 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 6] = 0;
1034 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 6] = 0xFF & rngmask;
1035 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 6] = 0;
1038 if (CR_RANGE(cmd->chanlist[0]) > 0)
1039 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
1043 if (cmd->start_src == TRIG_EXT) {
1045 * we loop here until ready has been set
1048 /* branch back to state 0 */
1049 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 0] = 0x01;
1050 /* deceision state w/o data */
1051 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 0] = 0x01;
1053 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 0] =
1054 (0xFF - 0x02) & rngmask;
1056 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 0] = 0x00;
1059 * we just proceed to state 1
1062 /* 30us reset pulse */
1063 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 0] = 255;
1064 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 0] = 0;
1066 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 0] =
1067 (0xFF - 0x02) & rngmask;
1068 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 0] = 0;
1071 /* commit data to the FIFO */
1072 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 1] = 1;
1074 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 1] = 0x02;
1075 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 1] = 0xFF & rngmask;
1076 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 1] = 0;
1078 /* we have 2 states with duration 1 */
1081 /* do the first part of the delay */
1082 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 2] = steps / 2;
1083 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 2] = 0;
1084 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 2] = 0xFE & rngmask;
1085 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 2] = 0;
1087 /* and the second part */
1088 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 3] = steps - steps / 2;
1089 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 3] = 0;
1090 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 3] = 0xFF & rngmask;
1091 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 3] = 0;
1093 /* branch back to state 1 */
1094 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 4] = 0x09;
1095 /* deceision state w/o data */
1096 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 4] = 0x01;
1097 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 4] = 0xFF & rngmask;
1098 /* doesn't matter */
1099 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 4] = 0xFF;
1104 dev_err(dev->class_dev, "unsupported combination of channels\n");
1109 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1110 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi %d: sending commands to the usb device\n",
1113 /* 0 means that the AD commands are sent */
1114 result = send_dux_commands(udfs, SENDADCOMMANDS);
1116 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
1117 "adc command could not be submitted. Aborting...\n");
1121 if (cmd->stop_src == TRIG_COUNT) {
1122 udfs->ai_sample_count = cmd->stop_arg * cmd->scan_end_arg;
1123 if (udfs->ai_sample_count < 1) {
1124 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
1125 "(cmd->stop_arg)*(cmd->scan_end_arg)<1, aborting.\n");
1129 udfs->ai_continous = 0;
1131 /* continous acquisition */
1132 udfs->ai_continous = 1;
1133 udfs->ai_sample_count = 0;
1136 if ((cmd->start_src == TRIG_NOW) || (cmd->start_src == TRIG_EXT)) {
1137 /* enable this acquisition operation */
1138 udfs->ai_cmd_running = 1;
1139 ret = usbduxfastsub_submit_InURBs(udfs);
1141 udfs->ai_cmd_running = 0;
1142 /* fixme: unlink here?? */
1146 s->async->inttrig = NULL;
1150 * don't enable the acquision operation
1151 * wait for an internal signal
1153 s->async->inttrig = usbduxfast_ai_inttrig;
1161 * Mode 0 is used to get a single conversion on demand.
1163 static int usbduxfast_ai_insn_read(struct comedi_device *dev,
1164 struct comedi_subdevice *s,
1165 struct comedi_insn *insn, unsigned int *data)
1167 int i, j, n, actual_length;
1168 int chan, range, rngmask;
1170 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs;
1172 udfs = dev->private;
1174 dev_err(dev->class_dev, "%s: no usb dev.\n", __func__);
1177 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1178 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi%d: ai_insn_read, insn->n=%d, "
1179 "insn->subdev=%d\n", dev->minor, insn->n, insn->subdev);
1182 if (!udfs->probed) {
1186 if (udfs->ai_cmd_running) {
1187 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
1188 "ai_insn_read not possible. Async Command is running.\n");
1192 /* sample one channel */
1193 chan = CR_CHAN(insn->chanspec);
1194 range = CR_RANGE(insn->chanspec);
1195 /* set command for the first channel */
1198 rngmask = 0xff - 0x04;
1202 /* commit data to the FIFO */
1203 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 0] = 1;
1205 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 0] = 0x02;
1206 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 0] = 0xFF & rngmask;
1207 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 0] = 0;
1209 /* do the first part of the delay */
1210 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 1] = 12;
1211 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 1] = 0;
1212 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 1] = 0xFE & rngmask;
1213 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 1] = 0;
1215 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 2] = 1;
1216 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 2] = 0;
1217 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 2] = 0xFE & rngmask;
1218 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 2] = 0;
1220 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 3] = 1;
1221 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 3] = 0;
1222 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 3] = 0xFE & rngmask;
1223 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 3] = 0;
1225 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 4] = 1;
1226 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 4] = 0;
1227 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 4] = 0xFE & rngmask;
1228 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 4] = 0;
1231 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 5] = 12;
1232 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 5] = 0;
1233 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 5] = 0xFF & rngmask;
1234 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 5] = 0;
1236 udfs->dux_commands[LENBASE + 6] = 1;
1237 udfs->dux_commands[OPBASE + 6] = 0;
1238 udfs->dux_commands[OUTBASE + 6] = 0xFF & rngmask;
1239 udfs->dux_commands[LOGBASE + 0] = 0;
1241 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1242 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi %d: sending commands to the usb device\n",
1245 /* 0 means that the AD commands are sent */
1246 err = send_dux_commands(udfs, SENDADCOMMANDS);
1248 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
1249 "adc command could not be submitted. Aborting...\n");
1253 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1254 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi%d: usbduxfast: submitting in-urb: "
1255 "0x%p,0x%p\n", udfs->comedidev->minor, udfs->urbIn->context,
1258 for (i = 0; i < PACKETS_TO_IGNORE; i++) {
1259 err = usb_bulk_msg(udfs->usbdev,
1260 usb_rcvbulkpipe(udfs->usbdev, BULKINEP),
1261 udfs->transfer_buffer, SIZEINBUF,
1262 &actual_length, 10000);
1264 dev_err(dev->class_dev, "insn timeout. No data.\n");
1270 for (i = 0; i < insn->n;) {
1271 err = usb_bulk_msg(udfs->usbdev,
1272 usb_rcvbulkpipe(udfs->usbdev, BULKINEP),
1273 udfs->transfer_buffer, SIZEINBUF,
1274 &actual_length, 10000);
1276 dev_err(dev->class_dev, "insn data error: %d\n", err);
1280 n = actual_length / sizeof(uint16_t);
1281 if ((n % 16) != 0) {
1282 dev_err(dev->class_dev, "insn data packet corrupted.\n");
1286 for (j = chan; (j < n) && (i < insn->n); j = j + 16) {
1287 data[i] = ((uint16_t *) (udfs->transfer_buffer))[j];
1295 #define FIRMWARE_MAX_LEN 0x2000
1297 static int firmwareUpload(struct usbduxfastsub_s *usbduxfastsub,
1298 const u8 *firmwareBinary, int sizeFirmware)
1303 if (!firmwareBinary)
1306 if (sizeFirmware > FIRMWARE_MAX_LEN) {
1307 dev_err(&usbduxfastsub->interface->dev,
1308 "comedi_: usbduxfast firmware binary it too large for FX2.\n");
1312 /* we generate a local buffer for the firmware */
1313 fwBuf = kmemdup(firmwareBinary, sizeFirmware, GFP_KERNEL);
1315 dev_err(&usbduxfastsub->interface->dev,
1316 "comedi_: mem alloc for firmware failed\n");
1320 ret = usbduxfastsub_stop(usbduxfastsub);
1322 dev_err(&usbduxfastsub->interface->dev,
1323 "comedi_: can not stop firmware\n");
1328 ret = usbduxfastsub_upload(usbduxfastsub, fwBuf, 0, sizeFirmware);
1330 dev_err(&usbduxfastsub->interface->dev,
1331 "comedi_: firmware upload failed\n");
1335 ret = usbduxfastsub_start(usbduxfastsub);
1337 dev_err(&usbduxfastsub->interface->dev,
1338 "comedi_: can not start firmware\n");
1346 static void tidy_up(struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs)
1348 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1349 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi_: usbduxfast: tiding up\n");
1355 /* shows the usb subsystem that the driver is down */
1356 if (udfs->interface)
1357 usb_set_intfdata(udfs->interface, NULL);
1362 /* waits until a running transfer is over */
1363 usb_kill_urb(udfs->urbIn);
1365 kfree(udfs->transfer_buffer);
1366 udfs->transfer_buffer = NULL;
1368 usb_free_urb(udfs->urbIn);
1372 kfree(udfs->insnBuffer);
1373 udfs->insnBuffer = NULL;
1375 kfree(udfs->dux_commands);
1376 udfs->dux_commands = NULL;
1378 udfs->ai_cmd_running = 0;
1381 static int usbduxfast_attach_common(struct comedi_device *dev,
1382 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs)
1385 struct comedi_subdevice *s;
1388 /* pointer back to the corresponding comedi device */
1389 udfs->comedidev = dev;
1390 dev->board_name = "usbduxfast";
1391 ret = comedi_alloc_subdevices(dev, 1);
1396 /* private structure is also simply the usb-structure */
1397 dev->private = udfs;
1398 /* the first subdevice is the A/D converter */
1399 s = &dev->subdevices[SUBDEV_AD];
1401 * the URBs get the comedi subdevice which is responsible for reading
1402 * this is the subdevice which reads data
1404 dev->read_subdev = s;
1405 /* the subdevice receives as private structure the usb-structure */
1408 s->type = COMEDI_SUBD_AI;
1409 /* readable and ref is to ground */
1410 s->subdev_flags = SDF_READABLE | SDF_GROUND | SDF_CMD_READ;
1413 /* length of the channellist */
1414 s->len_chanlist = 16;
1415 /* callback functions */
1416 s->insn_read = usbduxfast_ai_insn_read;
1417 s->do_cmdtest = usbduxfast_ai_cmdtest;
1418 s->do_cmd = usbduxfast_ai_cmd;
1419 s->cancel = usbduxfast_ai_cancel;
1420 /* max value from the A/D converter (12bit+1 bit for overflow) */
1421 s->maxdata = 0x1000;
1422 /* range table to convert to physical units */
1423 s->range_table = &range_usbduxfast_ai_range;
1424 /* finally decide that it's attached */
1427 dev_info(dev->class_dev, "successfully attached to usbduxfast.\n");
1431 static int usbduxfast_auto_attach(struct comedi_device *dev,
1432 unsigned long context_unused)
1434 struct usb_interface *uinterf = comedi_to_usb_interface(dev);
1436 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs;
1438 dev->private = NULL;
1439 down(&start_stop_sem);
1440 udfs = usb_get_intfdata(uinterf);
1441 if (!udfs || !udfs->probed) {
1442 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
1443 "usbduxfast: error: auto_attach failed, not connected\n");
1445 } else if (udfs->attached) {
1446 dev_err(dev->class_dev,
1447 "usbduxfast: error: auto_attach failed, already attached\n");
1450 ret = usbduxfast_attach_common(dev, udfs);
1451 up(&start_stop_sem);
1455 static void usbduxfast_detach(struct comedi_device *dev)
1457 struct usbduxfastsub_s *usb = dev->private;
1461 down(&start_stop_sem);
1462 dev->private = NULL;
1464 usb->comedidev = NULL;
1465 up(&start_stop_sem);
1470 static struct comedi_driver usbduxfast_driver = {
1471 .driver_name = "usbduxfast",
1472 .module = THIS_MODULE,
1473 .auto_attach = usbduxfast_auto_attach,
1474 .detach = usbduxfast_detach,
1477 static void usbduxfast_firmware_request_complete_handler(const struct firmware
1480 struct usbduxfastsub_s *usbduxfastsub_tmp = context;
1481 struct usb_interface *uinterf = usbduxfastsub_tmp->interface;
1488 * we need to upload the firmware here because fw will be
1489 * freed once we've left this function
1491 ret = firmwareUpload(usbduxfastsub_tmp, fw->data, fw->size);
1494 dev_err(&uinterf->dev,
1495 "Could not upload firmware (err=%d)\n", ret);
1499 comedi_usb_auto_config(uinterf, &usbduxfast_driver, 0);
1501 release_firmware(fw);
1504 static int usbduxfast_usb_probe(struct usb_interface *uinterf,
1505 const struct usb_device_id *id)
1507 struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(uinterf);
1512 if (udev->speed != USB_SPEED_HIGH) {
1513 dev_err(&uinterf->dev,
1514 "This driver needs USB 2.0 to operate. Aborting...\n");
1517 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1518 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi_: usbduxfast_: finding a free structure for "
1519 "the usb-device\n");
1521 down(&start_stop_sem);
1522 /* look for a free place in the usbduxfast array */
1524 for (i = 0; i < NUMUSBDUXFAST; i++) {
1525 if (!usbduxfastsub[i].probed) {
1533 dev_err(&uinterf->dev,
1534 "Too many usbduxfast-devices connected.\n");
1535 up(&start_stop_sem);
1538 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1539 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi_: usbduxfast: usbduxfastsub[%d] is ready to "
1540 "connect to comedi.\n", index);
1543 sema_init(&(usbduxfastsub[index].sem), 1);
1544 /* save a pointer to the usb device */
1545 usbduxfastsub[index].usbdev = udev;
1547 /* save the interface itself */
1548 usbduxfastsub[index].interface = uinterf;
1549 /* get the interface number from the interface */
1550 usbduxfastsub[index].ifnum = uinterf->altsetting->desc.bInterfaceNumber;
1552 * hand the private data over to the usb subsystem
1553 * will be needed for disconnect
1555 usb_set_intfdata(uinterf, &(usbduxfastsub[index]));
1557 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1558 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi_: usbduxfast: ifnum=%d\n",
1559 usbduxfastsub[index].ifnum);
1561 /* create space for the commands going to the usb device */
1562 usbduxfastsub[index].dux_commands = kmalloc(SIZEOFDUXBUFFER,
1564 if (!usbduxfastsub[index].dux_commands) {
1565 tidy_up(&(usbduxfastsub[index]));
1566 up(&start_stop_sem);
1569 /* create space of the instruction buffer */
1570 usbduxfastsub[index].insnBuffer = kmalloc(SIZEINSNBUF, GFP_KERNEL);
1571 if (!usbduxfastsub[index].insnBuffer) {
1572 tidy_up(&(usbduxfastsub[index]));
1573 up(&start_stop_sem);
1576 /* setting to alternate setting 1: enabling bulk ep */
1577 i = usb_set_interface(usbduxfastsub[index].usbdev,
1578 usbduxfastsub[index].ifnum, 1);
1580 dev_err(&uinterf->dev,
1581 "usbduxfast%d: could not switch to alternate setting 1.\n",
1583 tidy_up(&(usbduxfastsub[index]));
1584 up(&start_stop_sem);
1587 usbduxfastsub[index].urbIn = usb_alloc_urb(0, GFP_KERNEL);
1588 if (!usbduxfastsub[index].urbIn) {
1589 dev_err(&uinterf->dev,
1590 "usbduxfast%d: Could not alloc. urb\n", index);
1591 tidy_up(&(usbduxfastsub[index]));
1592 up(&start_stop_sem);
1595 usbduxfastsub[index].transfer_buffer = kmalloc(SIZEINBUF, GFP_KERNEL);
1596 if (!usbduxfastsub[index].transfer_buffer) {
1597 tidy_up(&(usbduxfastsub[index]));
1598 up(&start_stop_sem);
1601 /* we've reached the bottom of the function */
1602 usbduxfastsub[index].probed = 1;
1603 up(&start_stop_sem);
1605 ret = request_firmware_nowait(THIS_MODULE,
1610 usbduxfastsub + index,
1611 usbduxfast_firmware_request_complete_handler);
1614 dev_err(&uinterf->dev, "could not load firmware (err=%d)\n", ret);
1618 dev_info(&uinterf->dev,
1619 "usbduxfast%d has been successfully initialized.\n", index);
1624 static void usbduxfast_usb_disconnect(struct usb_interface *intf)
1626 struct usbduxfastsub_s *udfs = usb_get_intfdata(intf);
1627 struct usb_device *udev = interface_to_usbdev(intf);
1630 dev_err(&intf->dev, "disconnect called with null pointer.\n");
1633 if (udfs->usbdev != udev) {
1634 dev_err(&intf->dev, "BUG! called with wrong ptr!!!\n");
1638 comedi_usb_auto_unconfig(intf);
1640 down(&start_stop_sem);
1644 up(&start_stop_sem);
1646 #ifdef CONFIG_COMEDI_DEBUG
1647 printk(KERN_DEBUG "comedi_: usbduxfast: disconnected from the usb\n");
1651 static const struct usb_device_id usbduxfast_usb_table[] = {
1652 /* { USB_DEVICE(0x4b4, 0x8613) }, testing */
1653 { USB_DEVICE(0x13d8, 0x0010) }, /* real ID */
1654 { USB_DEVICE(0x13d8, 0x0011) }, /* real ID */
1657 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(usb, usbduxfast_usb_table);
1659 static struct usb_driver usbduxfast_usb_driver = {
1660 #ifdef COMEDI_HAVE_USB_DRIVER_OWNER
1661 .owner = THIS_MODULE,
1663 .name = "usbduxfast",
1664 .probe = usbduxfast_usb_probe,
1665 .disconnect = usbduxfast_usb_disconnect,
1666 .id_table = usbduxfast_usb_table,
1668 module_comedi_usb_driver(usbduxfast_driver, usbduxfast_usb_driver);
1670 MODULE_AUTHOR("Bernd Porr, BerndPorr@f2s.com");
1671 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("USB-DUXfast, BerndPorr@f2s.com");
1672 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
1673 MODULE_FIRMWARE(FIRMWARE);