1 package edu.uci.iotproject;
4 import org.pcap4j.core.*;
5 import org.pcap4j.packet.*;
6 import org.pcap4j.packet.DnsPacket;
7 import org.pcap4j.packet.namednumber.DnsResourceRecordType;
9 import java.io.EOFException;
10 import java.net.Inet4Address;
11 import java.net.UnknownHostException;
12 import java.util.ArrayList;
13 import java.util.HashMap;
14 import java.util.List;
16 import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
17 import java.util.function.Consumer;
20 * This is a system that reads PCAP files to compare
21 * patterns of DNS hostnames, packet sequences, and packet
22 * lengths with training data to determine certain events
23 * or actions for smart home devices.
25 * @author Janus Varmarken
26 * @author Rahmadi Trimananda (rtrimana@uci.edu)
32 public static void main(String[] args) throws PcapNativeException, NotOpenException, EOFException, TimeoutException, UnknownHostException {
33 final String fileName = "/users/varmarken/Desktop/wlan1.local.dns.pcap";
34 List<DnsPacket> dnsPackets = extractDnsAnswerPackets(fileName);
35 Map<String, List<String>> ipToHostnameMap = constructIpToHostnameMap(dnsPackets);
36 ipToHostnameMap.forEach((k,v) -> System.out.println(String.format("%s => %s", k, v.toString())));
39 private static List<DnsPacket> extractDnsAnswerPackets(String pcapFileName) throws PcapNativeException, NotOpenException, TimeoutException {
42 handle = Pcaps.openOffline(pcapFileName, PcapHandle.TimestampPrecision.NANO);
43 } catch (PcapNativeException pne) {
44 handle = Pcaps.openOffline(pcapFileName);
46 // Apparently BPFs don't support "dns" protocol filter, so have to filter by port.
47 handle.setFilter("port 53", BpfProgram.BpfCompileMode.OPTIMIZE);
48 ArrayList<DnsPacket> result = new ArrayList<>();
51 while ((packet = handle.getNextPacketEx()) != null) {
52 DnsPacket dnsPacket = packet.get(DnsPacket.class);
53 // We only care about DNS answers.
54 if (dnsPacket != null && dnsPacket.getHeader().getAnswers().size() != 0) {
55 result.add(dnsPacket);
58 } catch (EOFException eof) {
59 // (Note have to resort to EOFException as handle.getStats().getNumPacketsCaptured() only works on Windows)
63 System.out.println(String.format("Found %d DNS answers", result.size()));
67 private static Map<String, List<String>> constructIpToHostnameMap(List<DnsPacket> dnsPackets) throws UnknownHostException {
68 HashMap<String, List<String>> result = new HashMap<>();
69 for(DnsPacket dnsPacket : dnsPackets) {
70 // The hostname that this DNS reply provides answers for.
71 // TODO: safe to assume only one question?
72 String hostname = dnsPacket.getHeader().getQuestions().get(0).getQName().getName();
73 for(DnsResourceRecord answer : dnsPacket.getHeader().getAnswers()) {
74 // We only care about type A records
75 if (!answer.getDataType().equals(DnsResourceRecordType.A)) {
78 // Sanity check. For some reason the hostname appears to be the empty string in the answer .
79 // We hence have to assume that all answers correspond to a single question that holds the hostname as part of its object tree.
80 // Therefore, if there are more questions in one query-reply exchange, we are in trouble.
81 if (!answer.getName().getName().equals("") && !answer.getName().getName().equals(hostname)) {
82 throw new RuntimeException("[DNS parser] mismatch between hostname in question and hostname in answer");
84 // The IP in byte representation.
85 byte[] ipBytes = answer.getRData().getRawData();
86 // Convert to string representation.
87 String ip = Inet4Address.getByAddress(ipBytes).getHostAddress();
88 List<String> hostnameList = new ArrayList<>();
89 hostnameList.add(hostname);
90 // Update or insert depending on presence of key:
91 // Concat the existing list and the new list if ip already present as key,
92 // otherwise add an entry for ip pointing to new list.
93 result.merge(ip, hostnameList, (v1, v2) -> { v1.addAll(v2); return v1; });
100 // * Private class properties
102 // private Pcap pcap;
103 // private List<Pcap.Packet> listPacket;
104 // private Map<String, String> mapIPAddressToHostname;
107 // * Private class constants
109 // private static final int DNS_PORT = 53;
114 // * @param file name of the analyzed PCAP file
116 // public Main(String file) throws IOException {
118 // pcap = Pcap.fromFile(file);
119 // listPacket = pcap.packets();
120 // mapIPAddressToHostname = new HashMap<String, String>();
128 // * Private method that maps DNS hostnames to their
129 // * respected IP addresses. This method iterates
130 // * through the List<Pcap.Packet>, gets DNS packets,
131 // * and gets the IP addresses associated with them.
133 // private void mapHostnamesToIPAddresses() {
136 // for(Pcap.Packet packet : listPacket) {
137 // System.out.print("# " + counter++);
138 // // Check the packet type
139 // if (packet._root().hdr().network() == Pcap.Linktype.ETHERNET) {
140 // EthernetFrame ethFrame = (EthernetFrame) packet.body();
141 // if (ethFrame.etherType() == EthernetFrame.EtherTypeEnum.IPV4) {
142 // Ipv4Packet ip4Packet = (Ipv4Packet) ethFrame.body();
144 // System.out.print(" - Protocol: " + ip4Packet.protocol());
145 // if (ip4Packet.protocol() == Ipv4Packet.ProtocolEnum.UDP) {
146 // // DNS is UDP port 53
147 // UdpDatagram udpData = (UdpDatagram) ip4Packet.body();
148 // System.out.print(" - Source Port: " + udpData.srcPort());
149 // System.out.print(" - Dest Port: " + udpData.dstPort());
151 // // Source port 53 means this is DNS response
152 // if (udpData.srcPort() == DNS_PORT) {
153 // KaitaiStream dnsStream = new ByteBufferKaitaiStream(udpData.body());
154 // DnsPacket dnsPacket = new DnsPacket(dnsStream);
155 // ArrayList<DnsPacket.Query> queries = dnsPacket.queries();
156 // ArrayList<DnsPacket.Answer> answers = dnsPacket.answers();
157 // String strDomainName = new String();
158 // for(DnsPacket.Query query : queries) {
159 // System.out.print(" - Queries: ");
160 // DnsPacket.DomainName domainName = query.name();
161 // ArrayList<DnsPacket.Label> labels = domainName.name();
162 // for(int i = 0; i < labels.size(); i++) {
163 // System.out.print(labels.get(i).name());
164 // strDomainName = strDomainName + labels.get(i).name();
165 // if(i < labels.size()-2) {
166 // System.out.print(".");
167 // strDomainName = strDomainName + ".";
170 // break; // We are assuming that there is only one query
172 // System.out.print(" - Answers " + answers.size());
173 // for(DnsPacket.Answer answer : answers) {
174 // System.out.print(" - TypeType: " + answer.type());
175 // System.out.print(" - ClassType: " + answer.answerClass());
176 // System.out.print("\n - Answers: ");
177 // DnsPacket.Address address = answer.address();
178 // if (answer.type() == DnsPacket.TypeType.A) {
179 // String strAnswer = new String();
180 // ArrayList<Integer> ipList = address.ip();
181 // for(int i = 0; i < ipList.size(); i++) {
182 // System.out.print(ipList.get(i));
183 // strAnswer = strAnswer + Integer.toString(ipList.get(i));
184 // if(i < ipList.size()-1) {
185 // System.out.print(".");
186 // strAnswer = strAnswer + ".";
189 // mapIPAddressToHostname.put(strAnswer, strDomainName);
196 // System.out.println();
198 //// for(Map.Entry<String, String> entry : mapIPAddressToHostname.entrySet()) {
199 //// if (entry.getValue().equals("devs.tplinkcloud.com")) {
200 //// System.out.println(entry.getKey() + " - " + entry.getValue());
203 // System.out.println("Total map size: " + mapIPAddressToHostname.size());
204 // System.out.println("Answer for 13.33.41.8: " + mapIPAddressToHostname.get("13.33.41.8"));
205 // System.out.println("Answer for 34.226.240.125: " + mapIPAddressToHostname.get("34.226.240.125"));
208 // /*private String cloudIPAddress(String hostName) {
209 // if (hostName.equals("events.tplinkra.com"))
210 // return "205.251.203.26";
215 // // TODO move to separate class
216 // // Add parameter that is the trace to be analyzed (most like the pcap library's representation of a flow)
217 // public String findPattern(Map<String, List<Integer>> hostnameToPacketLengths, String smartPlugIp) {
219 // // No difference, output "Complete match"
220 // // If difference, output <Packet no, deviation from expected> for each packet
224 // public static void main(String[] args) {
225 // System.out.println("it works");
227 // //String file = "/home/rtrimana/pcap_processing/smart_home_traffic/Code/Projects/SmartPlugDetector/pcap/wlan1.local.dns.pcap";
228 // String file = "/home/rtrimana/pcap_processing/smart_home_traffic/Code/Projects/SmartPlugDetector/pcap/wlan1.remote.dns.pcap";
231 // Main main = new Main(file);
232 // main.mapHostnamesToIPAddresses();
234 // /*Pcap data = Pcap.fromFile(file);
235 // List<Pcap.Packet> listPacket = data.packets();
236 // System.out.println("Number of packets: " + listPacket.size());
237 // System.out.println("===================");
238 // for(Pcap.Packet packet : listPacket) {
239 // if (packet._root().hdr().network() == Pcap.Linktype.ETHERNET) {
240 // EthernetFrame eFrame = (EthernetFrame) packet.body();
241 // if (eFrame.etherType() == EthernetFrame.EtherTypeEnum.IPV4) {
242 // Ipv4Packet ip4Packet = (Ipv4Packet) eFrame.body();
243 // byte[] srcIp = ip4Packet.srcIpAddr();
244 // byte[] dstIp = ip4Packet.dstIpAddr();
245 // System.out.println("Byte length source: " + srcIp.length + " Byte length dest: " + dstIp.length);
246 // System.out.print("Source: ");
247 // for(int i = 0; i < srcIp.length; i++) {
248 // System.out.print(Byte.toUnsignedInt(srcIp[i]));
249 // if(i < srcIp.length-1)
250 // System.out.print(".");
252 // System.out.print(" - Dest: ");
253 // for(int i = 0; i < dstIp.length; i++) {
254 // System.out.print(Byte.toUnsignedInt(dstIp[i]));
255 // if(i < dstIp.length-1)
256 // System.out.print(".");
258 // System.out.println("\n");
264 // } catch (Exception e) {
265 // e.printStackTrace();